1 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Redes Wireless de Banda Ancha: Tecnología MESH y otras tendencias Marcos Jimena – [email protected] 22/Nov/[email protected] RED IRIS Mieres

2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 2 First a few definitions  2G is 2 nd generation mobile wireless technology characterized by TDMA access (GSM)  3G is 3 rd generation mobile wireless technology characterized by CDMA access (CDMA and W-CDMA)  4G is 4 th generation mobile wireless technology best characterized as the ability to support a variety of OFDMA based radio access technologies over a common IP infrastructure and at speeds that are an order of magnitude greater than 3G  Wimax (802.16) is a possible candidate for 4G and is based on OFDMA  WiFi (802.11) is the dominant technology in unlicensed bands  IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) to play a role in service enablement in the packet radio environment

3 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 3 Lo que realmente importa en la tecnología inalámbrica 1)Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual 2)Spectrum (licenciado/no licenciado) 3)Un gran ecosistema de fabricantes 4)Disponibilidad de dispositivos cliente (portátiles, PDAs,…etc.) 5)Migración hacia IP extremo-a-extremo

4 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 4 1) Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual  Determina el coste de la propia tecnología inalámbrica  Los pagos por los derechos de la propiedad intelectual en UMTS que aplican tanto al hw como al servicio, puede suponer hasta un 25% del precio de un dispositivo móvil

5 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 5 2) Spectrum  Licenciado: - Permite al operador transmitir a mucha más potencia (55dBm) y alcanzar por tanto distancias mayores - La probabilidad de que haya interferencias es muy baja dando mayor garantias de ofrecer calidad de servicio - Puede llegar a tener un alto coste  No licenciado: - Debe de transmitir a mucha menor potencia con lo que las distancias son menores - No hay protección frente a las interferencias - Es gratuito y con gran cantidad de canales 1.2GHz 2.4GHz

6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 6 Spectrum What determines throughput in a wireless network  Only two things really matter; how much power can be delivered to the subscriber (received power) and how much spectrum do you have  Transmit power is set by government regulation and drops off at 1/R*3 or more realistically 1/R*4 of the distance traveled  Received power is something that can be effected by technology. MIMO can increase SNR at the handset and thus improve performance  The amount of spectrum is generally a function of the technology that you choose Wifi uses 20 Mhz channels in the 2.4 Ghz unlicensed band CDMA uses 1.25 Mhz channels in the licensed PCS or cellular bands UMTS uses 5 Mhz channels in the licensed PCS or cellular bands Channel bonding lets you improve on these channel widths in some cases  Bottom line… to really increase performance you either need a wider channel or you need to get closer to the transmitter

7 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 7 Spectrum Line-of sight and Non line-of-sight  If the spectrum used is much above about 5 Ghz you really must be line-of-sight  If the spectrum used is below about 3 Ghz you do NOT usually need to be line-of-sight… but it really helps  Between 3 Ghz and 5 Ghz things get a bit grey  They lower frequencies can bounce off of structures and find there way to the subscriber  Higher frequencies are absorbed by structures  Beach front property in the mobile world is below about 1Ghz

8 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 8 3) Un gran ecosistema de fabricantes  Ayuda a mantener los costes bajos y es esencial para el desarrollo de gran variedad de dispositivos cliente  Hay cinco tecnologías que emergen gracias a la existencia de un gran ecosistema que las desarrolla : GSM CDMA UMTS WIFI Wimax

9 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 9 A) GSM (2G)  Global System for Mobile (GSM) es la tecnología móvil de voz más popular del mundo  Más de 1.6 billones de teléfonos GSM en uso  GSM es tecnología TDMA  Desarrollada en Europa pero desplegada en el mundo entero  Desarrollada en los años 80  Excelente para voz pero no para datos  Utilizada principalmente en las bandas celulares por debajo de 1 Ghz  Roaming a nivel mundial como principal fortaleza  Tecnología de voz de conmutación de circuitos

10 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 10 B) UMTS- 3G (migración de GSM)  Basada en tecnología CDMA de banda ancha  Se empieza a desplegar por operadores GSM en varias parte del mundo  No tiene un camino de actuallización desde GSM suave  Mercado pequeño de momento pero creciendo rápidamente  Los fabricantes dominantes: Ericsson y Nokia  El princiapl problema de esta tecnología es el alto coste debido en gran parte a los pagos de los derechos de propiedad intelectual  HSDPA/HSUPA lo convierten a conmutacion de paquetes

11 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 11 C) WiFi  Estandar dominante en el espectro no licenciado  Se venden en la industria unos 100 millones de chipsets al año  Focalizado en incrementar la velocidad y el alcance con 802.11n  Focalizado en cubrir areas extensas de forma efectiva mediante tecnología MESH  Uliliza principalmente la banda de 2.4 Ghz con gran actividad también en los 5Ghz  Potencia limitada y regulada  Ofrece gran rendimiento y velocidad  Tremendamente popular en wifi de interiores

12 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 12 Rendimientos WiFi Data Rate (Mbps) Throughput (Mbps) Throughput as a % of 802.11b Throughput 802.11b 116100% 802.11g (with.11b clients in cell) 5414233% 802.11g (no.11b clients in cell) 5422367% 802.11a 5425417%

13 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 13 802.11n

14 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 14 Draft 802.11n version 2.0 - Capacidades  Velocidades PHY de hasta 300 Mbps  Tecnología MIMO Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) – recepción mejorada Legacy beam forming – transmisión mejorada  Canales de 20MHz y 40MHz  Agregación de paquetes: A-MPDU (Tx/Rx), A-MSDU (Tx/Rx)

15 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 15 The Aironet 1250 Series Access Point  Industry’s first Wi-Fi Certified 802.11n draft 2.0 access point  Modular platform Field upgradeable radio modules/future technologies  Higher speed WLAN technologies Faster CPU to handle higher data throughput Increased memory for expanded feature set 10/100/1000 Ethernet port  Available in Unified (LWAPP) and Standalone versions

16 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 16 Hasta 5x el Throughput 802.11g  Soporte de aplicaciones de Banda Ancha – imagen digital, transferencia de ficheros, video…  Incrementa el número de usuarios permitidos en la WLAN 5x Intel 4965 AGN Client, A-MPDU. Preliminary data using pre-FCS hardware / software. Final numbers may be different.

17 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 17 Average Burst Data Rate (Mbps) 6050403020100 MIMO AP Average Burst Data Rate (Mbps) 6050403020100 Mayor fiabilidad y conectividad predecible a todos los clientes Traditional AP

18 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 18 MESH

19 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 19 Current State of 5GHz Bridging Spectrum Europe 5.155.355.4705.725 5.825 5.25 UNII-3, 30 dBm UNII-1 17 dBm UNII-2 24 dBm US (FCC) 4 Channels 5 Channels 11 Channels 30 dBm (1W)23 dBm 4.944.99 20 dBm DFS + TPC Spectral Mask Designators (20 MHz) Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Target Power Control (TPC) ISM 30 dBm 5.850 2 Channels 1500 AP 4 Channels Conducted Power Tx Output Power Radiated Power EIRP (with Antenna) TBD

20 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 20 Intelligent Routing Algorithm Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP) Controller  Elige el mejor camino al root Escaneo pasivo mantiene el estado de los vecinos y sucesores  El nodo MESH detecta una caida de enlace  Se elige el siguiente mejor camino  Se vuelve a calcular candidatos de sucesores mediante escaneo  802.11h DFS detecta interferencia de radares y bloquea el canal. X X SSID= OpenWiFi IP Scope 10.1.3.1–10.1.4.255 SSID= OpenWiFi IP Scope 10.1.5.1–10.1.6.255 SSID= OpenWiFi IP Scope 10.1.1.1–10.1.2.255 VLAN =3 VLAN =2 VLAN =1

21 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 21 Internet Homeland Security Municipal Applications Roaming Partners PWLAN VLAN Roaming Client User Directory Public Safety Muni Infrastructure Police Dept VLAN Fire Dept VLAN Parking VLAN Inspection VLAN Autenticación de Usuarios y Control de Acceso a Dominios ISG User Authentication VLAN-to-MPLS mapping WPA2 & AES encryption for greater security WMM to DSCP QoS Mapping WPA2 & AES encryption for greater security 802.1x and Dyn VLAN Assignment

22 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 22 D) Wimax (IEEE 802.16)  Estandar de banda ancha inalámbrico que puede operar tanto en banda con licencia como sin licencia  Dos variantes 802.16.2004 para aplicaciones fijas 802.16e draft para aplicaciones móviles tipo operadoras de 3G  IP extremo-a-extremo desde sus origenes  Se está formando un gran ecosistema alrededos de esta tecnología  Basado en OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)  Liderado por el Wimax Forum

23 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 23 WiMAX Forum  The WiMAX Forum, founded in April 2001  Brings together leaders in the communications and IT industries to drive a common platform for the global deployment of packet radio.  Over 350 vendors and service providers are members of the forum including Cisco Systems  The WiMAX Forum will certify products for conformance and interoperability based upon the IEEE 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN standard

24 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 24 Wimax- Opciones del espectro radio  Inicialmente utilizará las bandas de 3.5 Ghz y 2.5 Ghz  3.5 Ghz se utilizará globalmente (excepto US)  2.5 Ghz en USA y otros paises  Otras frecuencias que se utilizarán incluye los 2.3 Ghz en parte de Asia 3.5 GHz 2.3 GHz 2.5 GHz 700 MHz

25 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 25 Wimax in the unlicensed band  There is some activity around using Wimax in this fashion  It is not expected to have much of a performance advantage over WiFi as they are both power limited by regulation  However, it is expected to be more expensive then WiFi as it uses a more expensive MAC and does not yet share WiFi’s economies of scale  Nonetheless, unlicensed Wimax will be available from a variety of radio vendors and will operate in the 5.8 Ghz band

26 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 26 Roadmap de clientes Wimax ‘06-’08 “ Portable WiMAX Devices” ‘08+ “Broad CE Devices” Wi-Fi+WiMAX Integration ‘04-’06 “WiMAX Modems”

27 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 27 Super 3G > 2007/08 WiMAX como candidato a 4G Mobility 2G Since 1997 Data Throughput 4G >2012 WiMAX 2007-10 3G 2003-7 WiFi Mesh 2004-8

28 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential 28