1 문맥 속 문법성 판단 7-1 With the rise of an urban middle class in the nineteenth century, many cats no longer had to serve as full-time mousers. Increasingly, they were kept by owners who simply liked having (A) |them / themselves] around for their beauty, grace, and the affection they could offer. A phenomenon (called the ‘‘cat fancy’’) followed.

2 문맥 속 문법성 판단 7-1 The pets of “fanciers” competed for ribbons at cat shows, (정제하다) and breeders began to refine existing breeds and (B)|develop / developing| new ones. The first recorded cat show — with 170 cats on exhibit —  was held in 1871 at London’s Crystal Palace. Just eighteen years later, more than three times as many cats were shown, and 20,000 cat fanciers attended.

3 문맥 속 문법성 판단 7-1 American cat lovers soon followed suit with a show of their own, at New York’s Madison Square Garden in Perhaps not surprisingly, a Maine Coon, a breed of Yankee ancestry, C) [winning / won| that first best-in-show award. Today the cat fancy is alive and well, and hundreds of clubs worldwide sponsor cat shows.

4 문맥 속 문법성 판단 7 .

5 문맥 속 문법판단 7-2 Every situation, properly ① perceived, becomes an opportunity. But you have to act on it if you’re going to be successful. (목초지) Distant pastures always look greener than ② those close at hand, but real opportunities are right where you are.

6 문맥 속 문법판단 7-2 You must take advantage of them / when they appear. Success is not in your environment, in luck or chance, or in the help of others. Success is in yourself alone.

7 문맥 속 문법판단 7-2 Take a second look at ③what appears to be someone’s “good luck.” You’ll find not luck but preparation, planning and success-producing thinking. When you’re prepared for opportunity, your chance for success is sure to come.

8 문맥 속 문법판단 7-2 The season of failure is the best time for ④sowing the seeds of success. Decide that this year will be your year for success and prepare for it ⑤ happens.

9 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

10 문맥 속 문법판단 7-3 An individual / driven by companionship is motivated by the opportunity to get things done as a member of a group. The key factor here is not the capability of being a team player, (A) | nor / or | is it the team spirit itself.

11 문맥 속 문법판단 7-3 It is how much somebody is motivated to follow through (the key factor) (실행, 완수) and achieve a peak result / by the fact that he is working together with others to achieve the desired result.

12 문맥 속 문법판단 7-3 Think of exercise bikes, for example. Some people have no problem (B) [being disciplined / disciplining] and riding them in the gym, where there are others doing the same. But if they have one at home, it collects dust and is never used.

13 문맥 속 문법판단 7-3 The reason is not lack of character or missing discipline; the reason is (C) [that / what| the powerful companionship motivator of these individuals is not activated when alone at home.

14 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

15 문맥 속 문법판단 7-4 Some of the skills and abilities that are ① encouraged in video games are useful for many different purposes. Most of all, video games are excellent for developing visual awareness.

16 문맥 속 문법판단 7-4 For example, recent studies show that they can ② significantly improve a surgeon’s skill in using her hands when performing operations. Also, playing video games has been shown ③ to increase short-term memory of people in test groups.

17 문맥 속 문법판단 7-4 The reason for this is that most games require players to spread their attention over the screen quickly in order to detect and react to ④ change events.

18 문맥 속 문법판단 7-4 In fact, playing video games may trigger previously inactive genes that are important for developing neural pathways necessary for spatial attention.

19 문맥 속 문법판단 7-4 Research is now suggesting that playing video games could even increase attention spans rather than reduce ⑤ them.

20 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

21 문맥 속 문법판단 7-5 Seasonal weather conditions are always a concern for greenhouse gardeners.

22 문맥 속 문법판단 7-5 Not only can the climate (A) [determine / determines] what type of greenhouse to build, it can play a critical role in determining how a greenhouse will function after it is built from one season to the next.

23 문맥 속 문법판단 7-5 For example, in a cold-weather climate that frequently experiences heavy snowfall, a high-pitched roof might be ideal because it can prevent the build-up of ice and snow by (B) [efficient / efficiently] helping them to slide off.

24 문맥 속 문법판단 7-5 In a location that sees less snowfall but gets cold, strong winds, a sun-heated pit, which is a greenhouse with the majority of the structure (C) [housed / housing] below ground, might be the best choice, because it is naturally insulated and requires less heat to operate. The same type of roof might not be practical for a more temperate area. 

25 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

26 문맥 속 문법판단 7-6 Learn to express what you want rather than putting the emphasis on what you don’t want when ① speaking with a child. Children are highly responsive to the messages they receive.

27 문맥 속 문법판단 7-6 If an adult says, “Don’t slam the door， the child listening hears the phrase slam the door, with the word don’t in front of ②it.

28 문맥 속 문법판단 7-6 The child must figure out ③ what slamming the door is the undesirable thing to do, which is difficult to comprehend, especially for young children.

29 문맥 속 문법판단 7-6 The chances for a successful response from a child ④ increase dramatically when an adult says, “Please close the door gently.” Now the child has a visual image to follow. The words spoken fit together well with the request, ⑤which makes it much easier to understand.

30 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

31 문맥 속 문법판단 7-7 Closely related to the debate over readers’ conceptions of fictional characters (A) are / is the question of the nature of the emotions that readers experience.

32 문맥 속 문법판단 7-7 Many of the philosophers and literary scholars who allow for the possibility of significant emotional response to fiction do so with qualifications and reservations about the nature of the types of emotions (B) [that / where] fiction can generate.

33 문맥 속 문법판단 7-7 Indeed, this has led some theorists to draw sharp distinctions between readers’ responses to fiction and fictional characters, on the one hand, and non-fiction and real-life individuals on the other.

34 문맥 속 문법판단 7-7 Kendall Walton, an American philosopher, calls fiction-induced emotions quasi-emotions, (C)[implies / implying| that they are of an entirely different nature from our experiences in real life. Yet, this division is less obvious than it would appear.

35 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .

36 문맥 속 문법판단 7 The Greek philosopher Aristotle cites the archer as his favorite example in ①describing moral wisdom.

37 문맥 속 문법판단 7 An archer comprehends his task if firstly he knows what his target is and secondly if he is aware of all circumstances (the means) that determine the situation ② what he has to shoot.

38 문맥 속 문법판단 7 He has assessed the strength and direction of the wind, the characteristics of the arrow and the tension of the bow. Aristotle sees the wise person as ③ such an archer, someone with knowledge of the target (the goal) and of the means to reach the goal (the pathways).

39 문맥 속 문법판단 7 The archer is more likely to hit the right mark if he has a target ④ to aim at. Aristotle stated that striving for excellence is important but ⑤that knowledge of the goal is only useful if there is a striving to attain that goal (agency).

40 문맥 속 문법판단 7 .