1 多媒体教学 课件评审 参赛人： 双语学院 田慧

2 课件与课程介绍 使用课件的课程：英语语言学概论 使用课件的必要性：该科目的内容比较枯燥，很多内容都十分的抽象，尤其对于初学语言学的学生来说很难理解，有时一课的内容还十分冗杂，涉及的方面很多，学生需要记忆的量也很大，而多媒体课件的使用可以将抽象的内容直观化、形象化，同时教师也可以利用课件为学生归纳、总结学过的知识，让学生有个总体的回顾，利于复习。

3 课件的使用 颜色的使用 图形的使用 图片的辅助作用 练习的设计 音频、视频的使用

4 What is language? Definition: Language is a system of arbitraryvocal symbols used for human communication. 4

5 Productivity or creativity 能产性或创造性spider, Obama, torch Another testing. linguistics is an interesting subject. I know that linguistics is an interesting subject. You know that I know that linguistics is an interesting subject. Linda knows that You know that I know that linguistics is an interesting subject. Is it a fact Linda knows that You know that I know that linguistics is an interesting subject?... 5

6 Linguistic taboos and euphemism 语言禁忌语与委婉语A word that we are reluctant to use may be called a taboo word. (profane) Such as four-letter words (monosyllabic) damn, fuck, hell, fool, suck, cock, shit… 6

7 a. Bilingualism 双语现象 It refers to a situation where two languages are used by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as the inhabitants of a particular region or a nation. Canada French and English (both official language)

8 2. The scope of linguisticsPhonetics 语音学 Phonology 音位学 Morphology 形态学 Syntax 句法学 Semantics 语义学 Pragmatics 语用学 Major branches Microlinguistics 微观语言学 8

9 Interdisciplinary branchesMacrolinguistics Sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics Cognitive linguistics Applied linguistics… pragmatics semantics syntax morphology phonology phonetics Interdisciplinary branches 9

10 Hyponymy 上下义关系 Living thing (co-hyponyms) More examples? plant animalgrass tree flower bush tiger sheep bear horse ram ewe lamb tulip lily rose carnation (co-hyponyms) 10

11 Phonetics Speech soundsArticulatory phonetics acoustic phonetics auditory phonetics Speech sounds Vowels Consonants Place of articulation Manner of articulation According to the position of the tongue According to the openness of the mouth According to the shape of the lips According to the length of the sound According to the number of the sound bilabial labiodental dental alveolar palatal velar glottal stops &plosive fricative affricate liquids nasals glides Variations of sounds 11

12 Morpheme (open class of words) lexical morpheme (pen, kindcook, book) free morpheme (Closed class of words) functional morpheme (if, or but) Morpheme derivational morpheme (-er, -tion pre-, un-) Affixes: prefix, infix, suffix bound morpheme inflectional morpheme (-s, -ing, -ed) E: P63-3

13 Summary 1. Definition S E M A 2. Approaches N T I C 3. Word meaningConceptual Connotative Social Affective Collocative Reflective Thematic Naming Conceptual Contextual Behavioral Truth conditional 1. Definition S E M A N T I C 2. Approaches Sense and reference 3. Word meaning Types of word meaning Semantic relationships between words Homonymy Polysemy Synonymy Antonymy Hyponymy Meronymy Semantic relationships between sentences 4.Sentence meaning Entailment; Presupposition Synonymy; Inconsistency

14 4. Origin of language God creation 14

15 Man creation “Pooh-pooh” or “Exclamation” or “Interjectional” Theory“Yo-He-Ho Theory” “Bow-Wow Theory” 15

16 Evolution The evolution of man’s social life paved the wayfor the evolution of the creation of language. 16

17 Interchangeability 互换性Interchangeability or reciprocity refers to the fact that man can both produce and receive messages, and his roles as a speaker and a hearer can be exchanged at ease. 17

18 Specialization 专门化 Specialization refers to the fact that man does not have a total physical involvement in the act of communication. 18

19 2. The three branches of phoneticsArticulatory phonetics 发音语音学 Acoustic phonetics　　声学语音学 Auditory phonetics　　听觉语音学 19

20 Has the longest history; developed more maturely Speaker Listener Auditory phonetics Ariticulatory phonetics Acoustic phonetics Has the longest history; developed more maturely Help us understand more about places of articulation manners of articulation minute differences among sounds. 20

21 Articulators 发音器官 8 nasal cavity 鼻腔 9 pharyngeal cavity 咽腔14 oral cavity口腔 1 &11 upper lip 上唇 lower lip 下唇 2 upper teeth 上齿 3 the blade of the teeth 齿背 × 4 alveolar ridge　齿龈 5 hard palate 硬腭 6 soft palate 软腭 7 uvula　小舌 10 vocal cords 声带 12 the tip of the tongue 舌尖 13 the front of the tongue 舌前 15 blade of the tongue舌背 16 the back of the tongue 　　舌后 Articulators 发音器官 21

22 Place of articulation 发音部位where It refers to the involvement of the articulators in the production of a particular consonant. Bilabial　双唇音 Labiodental　唇齿音 Dental　齿音 Alveolar　齿龈音 Palatal　腭音 Velar 软腭音 Glottal　喉音 22

23 ①　Bilabial　双唇音： Speech sounds produced using both (=bi-) upper and lower lips (=labia). [p], [b], [m], [w]. 23

24 ③ Dental / interdental 齿音/齿间音 Speech sounds produced with the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth. [θ]，[ð] 24

25 ⑥ Velar 软腭音 Speech sounds produced with the back of the tongue against the soft palate or velum. [k], [g], [ ŋ ] 25

26 Gradable antonyms （Contraries) 等级反义词 /相对反义词-30 C° C° cold cool lukewarm warm hot old elderly middle-aged mature young 26

27 More examples (intermediate) Rich well-to-do poor

28 (intermediate) Beautiful plain ugly

29 The two classifications are combined in the table below, can you identify a consonant when given its phonetic features? bilabial Labio-dental dental alveolar palatal velar glottal Stops VL p VD b Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Glides 29

30 Answer P24 t k d g f θ s ʃ h v z tʃ dƷ m n l, r w j p b Stops VL VDbilabial Labio-dental dental alveolar palatal velar glottal Stops VL t k VD d g Fricatives f θ s ʃ h v ð z Ʒ Affricates tʃ dƷ Nasals m n ŋ Liquids l, r Glides w j p b 30

31 E: Decide which of the following pairs of words are minimal pairs by using √ or ×hurt heard feet foot pot dog too do lob lead bet bought beat bid pill bell lob lead lock log √ √ × × √ × × × √

32 Euphemisms prison garbage man pregnant slum poor death chambersanitation engineer in a family way sub-standard housing needy; underprivileged; disadvantaged; negative saver pass away; to be no more; to rest in peace; to be out of its misery; to go to meet his/her maker… 32

33 Euphemisms piss prostitute tax illegitimate child syphilis wash handscompanion contribution love child social disease 33

34 True or false ( ) 1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language. ( ) 2. Language is arbitrary by nature but it is not completely arbitrary. ( ) 3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc. because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property of displacement. ( ) 4. It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, diachronic, and emphatic on writing. F T F F

35 Thank you ! 参赛人： 双语学院 田慧