1

2  Coccidian protozoan  Obligate parasite  Single-celled

3  Worldwide  Subtropical  Tropical

4  Domain: Eukaryote  Phylum: Apicomplexa  Class: Coccidia  Order: Eucoccidiorida  Family: Eimeriidae  Domain: Eukaryote  Phylum: Apicomplexa  Class: Coccidia  Order: Eucoccidiorida  Family: Eimeriidae

5  intestinal villus (enterocytes)  lamina propria of the villus

6 1. Sexual 2. Asexual

7  Immature, unsporulated oocyst is excreted through feces.  Sporoblast divides into two  Each sporoblast develops into a sporocyst with 4 sporozoites, resulting in mature oocysts. The time spent in stages 1 through 3 is 2-3 days.  Mature oocyst is ingested.  Oocyst bursts. Sporozoites are released and lodge into the intestinal lining. Sporozoites undergo asexual reproduction to form merozoites. The merozoites mature into gametes which undergo fertilization to produce a new oocyst

8

9  Small intestine

10  Oocyst. Size:  20-23 μm long  10-19 μm wide

11  Human  Animal

12 o Transmitted by fecal-oral contamination. o Occurs poor sanitation conditions. o 3-14 day incubation period between the ingestion of an infectious oocyst and onset of symptoms. o After ingestion, the sporozoites invade in the small intestine which eventually destroys these cells..

13  Water  contaminated food  Poor sanitation

14 Acute infection include:  Diarrhea with abdominal pain  Malabsorption  Weight loss

15  Abdominal pain and cramping  Anorexia and weight loss  General malaise  Low fever  Vomiting

16  Oocysts in the feces  Duodenal biopsy  Enterotest

17 Typical laboratory analyses include:  Microscopy  Morphologic comparison with other intestinal parasites  Bench aids for Isospora

18 Warn travelers not to visit regions where the protozoan is endemic

19  Trimethoprim (TMP)  Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)  Co-trimoxazole