1 1

2 2 Phys 181-701 Astronomy

3 3 “MOON IS SPACE CREATURE’S SKULL!” Weekly World News – July 5, 1988 “Space is the region above the earth’s atmosphere.” Science Probe I – 8 th Grade Textbook - 1996

4 4 ASTRONOMY The study of matter and energy in our Universe

5 5 Scale Scale Scale Scale Scale And the art of measuring things.

6 6 Fundamental Properties MASS (kg) or (g)(slugs)(grains) TIME (s) or (hours)(eons) LENGTH (m) or (km)(parsec)(light-years) CHARGE (C) known as Coulombs

7 7 Scientific Notation 602000000000000000000000 = 6.02 x 10 23 Scientific Notation

8 8 MASS

9 9 Electrons 9 x 10 -31

10 10 Man 80 x 10 0 kg

11 11 Universe 1 x 10 -53 kg

12 12 TIME

13 13 The Planck Time 1 x 10 -43 s Tilman Brucker

14 14 Human Heartbeat 0.8 x 10 0 s

15 15 Proton Decay 1 x 10 40 s

16 16 LENGTH

17 17 Proton Size 1 x 10 -15

18 18 Human Height 1.6 x 10 0 m Marcel Duchamp, 1912

19 19 Furthest Galaxies Formed 2 x 10 26 m

20 20 MAKING MEASUREMENTS

21 21 Measuring Angles

22 22 Degrees

23 23 Approximate angles

24 24 Angle Example

25 25 Small Angle Formula Triangulation

26 26 d = Distance to Object D = Diameter of Object  = Angular Size (radians)

27 27 Distance units Units of Distance Astronomical Unit (AU) : 1.496 x 10 8 km Light-Year (l-yr) : 9.46 x 10 12 km Parsec (pc) : 3.26 l-yr

28 28

29 29 SOLAR MAP

30 30 Relative Sizes in Our Solar System and Beyond

31 31 Big universe How Big is the Universe? 10 Billion-Billion-Billion centimeters across 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 cm 10 28 cm 10 Billion Light-Years 6000 Mpc

32 32 Handy Scale Handy Guide to the Scale of the Universe The Earth is the size of your FIST. The Moon is the size of your THUMB 3 m away. The Sun is an 11 m diameter ball at City Hall. Jupiter is a ball 1m in diameter in Cherry Hill, NJ. Pluto is the size of your finger tip in Central Park, Manhattan. The center of our galaxy is still 2 billion km away! The edge of the observable universe is still 800 trillion km away!

33 33 Celestial Sphere

34 34

35 35 Constellations and the year

36 36 Temperature and the seasons

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40 40

41 41 IMPORTANT Physical Quantities Are Described in Terms of Fundamental Units Scientific Notation Angular Measure Small Angle Formula RA and DEC

42 42 NEXT TIME… Early Observations

43 43 SKYCHART III OBSERVATIONS OF THE SKY