1 1 8 de febrero del 2001

2 2 Chapter 5 Encoding

3 3 Figure 5-1 Different Conversion Schemes

4 4 Figure 5-2 Digital to Digital Encoding

5 5 Figure 5-3 Types of Digital to Digital Encoding

6 6 Figure 5-4 Unipolar Encoding

7 7 Figure 5-5 Types of Polar Encoding

8 8  NRZL Especificación del Protocolo:

9 9 Figure 5-6 NRZ-L and NRZ-I Encoding

10 10 Figure 5-7 RZ Encoding

11 11 Bifase (Auto-Sincronizados)  Siempre hay una transición a mitad del intervalo de duración del bit.  Técnicas  Manchester: La transición de mitad del intervalo sirve para sincronización y transmisión de datos.  Manchester Diferencial: La transición de mitad del intervalo solo sirve para sincronización

12 12  Manchester Especificación del Protocolo:

13 13 Figure 5-8 Manchester and Diff. Manchester Encoding

14 14  1. ¿Cuál es la capacidad de un canal de 5kHz que utiliza codificación Manchester?  2. ¿Y si utilizara codificación MLT-3?

15 15 Figure 5-9 Types of Bipolar Encoding

16 16 Binario Multinivel  Técnicas  biploar-AMI (“Alternate Mark Inversion”)  pseudoternario  MLT-3 (Multi-Level Transmit - 3 Levels)  2B1Q

17 17  Bipolar-AMI Especificación del Protocolo:

18 18 Figure 5-10 Bipolar AMI Encoding

19 19 Figure 5-11 B8ZS Encoding

20 20 Figure 5-12 HDB3 Encoding

21 21 Figure 5-13 Solution to Example 5.1

22 22 Figure 5-14 Solution to Example 5.2

23 23 Figure 5-15 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Analog to Digital Encoding

24 24 Figure 5-16 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 PAM

25 25 Figure 5-17 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Quantized PAM Signal

26 26 Figure 5-18 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Quantizing Using Sign and Magnitude

27 27 Figure 5-19 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 PCM

28 28 Figure 5-20 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 From Analog to PCM

29 29 Figure 5-20-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 From Analog to PCM

30 30 Figure 5-20-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 From Analog to PCM

31 31 Figure 5-20-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 From Analog to PCM S k S k ~ S (t) ~ S(t)

32 32 Figure 5-21 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Nyquist Theorem

33 33 Figure 5-22 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Digital to Analog Encoding

34 34 Figure 5-23 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

35 35 ASK  Especificación del Protocolo:

36 36 Figure 5-24 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 ASK

37 37 Figure 5-25 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Bandwidth for ASK

38 38 FSK  Especificación del Protocolo:

39 39 FSK Figure 5-27 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

40 40 Bandwidth for FSK Figure 5-28 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

41 41 PSK  Especificación del Protocolo:

42 42 PSK Figure 5-29 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

43 43 PSK Constellation Figure 5-30 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

44 44 4-PSK Figure 5-31 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

45 45 4-PSK Characteristics Figure 5-32 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

46 46 8-PSK Characteristics Figure 5-33 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

47 47 PSK Bandwidth Figure 5-34 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

48 48 QAM (4)  Especificación del Protocolo

49 49 QAM(Quadratura Amplitude Modulation) Re 00 01 10 11 01 00 01 10 11 00 0110

50 50 4-QAM and 8-QAM Constellations Figure 5-35 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

51 51 QAM (8)  Especificación del protocolo

52 52 Re 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 000 001 010 011 011011000110 100 101 110 111

53 53 8-QAM Signal Figure 5-36 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

54 54 16-QAM Constellation Figure 5-37 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

55 55 Bit Rate and Baud Rate Figure 5-38 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

56 56 Figure 5-38-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Bit Rate and Baud Rate

57 57 Datos Digitales-Señales Análogas  Aplicación en Redes Públicas de Datos  Aplicación en Redes de Área Local

58 58 Problema 1. ¿Cuál es el periodo de muestreo que necesita una señal análoga que tiene un ancho de banda de 20 Khz?

59 59 Problema 2. ¿Cuál es la razón de señal de ruido, si se utilizan 8 niveles para discretizar linealmente la amplitud de la señal?

60 60 Problema 3. ¿Cuál es la razón de datos de una señal discretizada a 8 niveles (3 bits) con un periodo de muetreo de 0.1 mseg.?

61 61 Figure 5-39 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Analog to Analog Modulation

62 62 Figure 5-40 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

63 63 Figure 5-41 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Amplitude Modulation

64 64 Figure 5-42 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 AM Bandwidth

65 65 Figure 5-43 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 AM Band Allocation

66 66 Figure 5-44 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Frequency Modulation

67 67 Figure 5-45 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 FM Bandwidth

68 68 Figure 5-46 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 FM Band Allocation

69 69 Cap. 6

70 70 Figure 6-19 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998 Modem

71 71 Bandwidth for Telephone Line Figure 6-20 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

72 72 Baud Rate for Half-Duplex ASK Figure 6-21 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

73 73 Baud Rate for Full-Duplex ASK Figure 6-22 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

74 74 Baud Rate for Half-Duplex FSK Figure 6-23 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

75 75 Baud Rate for Full-Duplex FSK Figure 6-24 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

76 76 Bell Modems Figure 6-25 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

77 77 Bell Modems Figure 6-25-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

78 78 ITU Modems Figure 6-26-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

79 79 V.22bis 16-QAM Constellation Figure 6-27 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

80 80 V.32 Constellation Figure 6-28 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

81 81 V.33 Constellation Figure 6-29 WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998