1 1 ECONOMIC STATISTICS PROGRAMME IN INDIA by S.K.Nath, INDIA

2 2 MAIN PROGRAMMES ON ECONOMIC STATISTICS Annual Surveys of Industries (ASI) Annual Surveys of Industries (ASI) Economic Census Economic Census Country-wide Large Scale Sample Surveys Country-wide Large Scale Sample Surveys Census of Registered Small Scale Industries Census of Registered Small Scale Industries

3 3 CHALLENGES Under Economic Statistics there is no Statistical Act for data collection, except for ASI Under Economic Statistics there is no Statistical Act for data collection, except for ASI There are more than 42 million establishments / enterprises in the country. This excludes activities relating to crop plantation and production There are more than 42 million establishments / enterprises in the country. This excludes activities relating to crop plantation and production There are more than 211 million households There are more than 211 million households There are 17 National Languages There are 17 National Languages Data are collected through physical visits Data are collected through physical visits Schedules require interview for 2 hours Schedules require interview for 2 hours

4 4 Annual Survey of Industries (Manufacturing/Repair Sector)

5 5 General Information Data Collected under “Collection of Statistics Act, 1953 Data Collected under “Collection of Statistics Act, 1953 ASI extends to the entire country except three States and one Union Territory ASI extends to the entire country except three States and one Union Territory National Industrial Classification (based on ISIC ) is followed. National Industrial Classification (based on ISIC ) is followed. ASICC (ASI Commodity Classification) is followed for input-output data collection ASICC (ASI Commodity Classification) is followed for input-output data collection List frame followed for ASI List frame followed for ASI Micro data available on public domain Micro data available on public domain

6 6 Objective Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole and of different industry groups to national income Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole and of different industry groups to national income Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry Analysis of various factors influencing industry in the country and Analysis of various factors influencing industry in the country and Providing a comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for formulation of policies. Providing a comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for formulation of policies.

7 7 Industries Covered Factories and industrial units registered under Sections 2m (i) & (ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 employing 10 or more workers using power or employing 20 or more workers without power Bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and employing 10 or more workers using power or employing 20 or more workers Bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and employing 10 or more workers using power or employing 20 or more workers List frame is maintained and updated annually List frame is maintained and updated annually

8 8 Unit of Enumeration The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is: a factory in the case of manufacturing industries a factory in the case of manufacturing industries an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar industries an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar industries a workshop in the case of repair services and a workshop in the case of repair services and an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings an undertaking or a licensee in the case of electricity, gas and water supply undertakings

9 9 Sampling Design Frame of units for each Industry Group at 4 digit level of National Industrial Classification (NIC) is stratified by States at first stage and put in descending order of number of workers; Frame of units for each Industry Group at 4 digit level of National Industrial Classification (NIC) is stratified by States at first stage and put in descending order of number of workers; Units with 100 or more workers are separated as census sector units; Units with 100 or more workers are separated as census sector units; All units are selected if number of units within each group is less than six; All units are selected if number of units within each group is less than six; If stratum size is = 6, 20% sample is selected subject to a minimum of 6, with half in each of the 2 sub-samples;

10 10 Data Collection Strategy List frame List frame As per law, Annual General Meeting of a company should be held by September As per law, Annual General Meeting of a company should be held by September Data collected from such “Administrative documents” by regular enumerators located though out the country Data collected from such “Administrative documents” by regular enumerators located though out the country Joint return is received from some enterprises Joint return is received from some enterprises Management units are contacted when local units do not have balance sheets Management units are contacted when local units do not have balance sheets

11 11 INFORMATION COLLECTED Type of Organisation /Ownership Type of Organisation /Ownership Assets and Liabilities Assets and Liabilities Employment and Labour Cost Employment and Labour Cost Receipts Receipts Expenses Expenses Input items (Indigenous) Input items (Indigenous) Input Items ( Imported) Input Items ( Imported) Products and by-products Products and by-products Distributive Expenses Distributive Expenses Electricity generated / purchased /consumed / sold Electricity generated / purchased /consumed / sold Exports (*) Exports (*) Pollution Control – Degree / P & M for abatement (*) Pollution Control – Degree / P & M for abatement (*)

12 12 ECONOMIC CENSUS Of INDIA

13 13 Challenges for Data Collection Indian economic census is the largest enumeration exercise in terms of Indian economic census is the largest enumeration exercise in terms of Technological intricacies Technological intricacies Volume of work Volume of work Involvement of huge manpower Involvement of huge manpower Imparting training to large number of field personnel Imparting training to large number of field personnel Monitoring and coordination of pre-census, census period and post census operations Monitoring and coordination of pre-census, census period and post census operations

14 14 Scope and coverage Scope and coverage –Al the States/UTs –All economic activities except those involved in crop production and plantation New features of last Economic Census- 2005 New features of last Economic Census- 2005 –Canvassing of a separate “Address Slip” –Use of Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) technology for scanning and data processing

15 15 Schedules Schedules –(i) House List, –(ii) Enterprise/Establishment Schedule –(iii) Abstracts- for Rural and Urban –(iv)Address Slip

16 16 SCHEDULESOF ECONOMIC CENSUS-2005

17 17 HOUSE LIST  House List : To list all the households and identify the enterprises in these households or any member has enterprise outside the household without fixed location.  Enterprise Schedule : Detailed information on various characteristics relating to the enterprises viz. number of workers, social group of owner, registration code etc., for all the enterprises listed in the HL form is to be collected here. NOTE: House listing and filling up Enterprise schedule done simultaneously.

18 18 House List

19 19 RURAL - ID

20 20 URBAN ID

21 21 Data Collection Strategy: RURAL In Rural areas, all the census villages within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered In Rural areas, all the census villages within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered One enumerator is allotted the work of 1 to 3 Enumeration Blocks consisting of about 200-230 households. In hilly/terrain areas EB consists of 120 to 150 households One enumerator is allotted the work of 1 to 3 Enumeration Blocks consisting of about 200-230 households. In hilly/terrain areas EB consists of 120 to 150 households

22 22 Data Collection Strategy: URBAN  In Urban areas, all the cities/towns within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered with the help of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) Blocks prepared by NSSO of the Ministry of Statistics & PI. For identification of UFS blocks, the following materials was made available to all enumerators: For identification of UFS blocks, the following materials was made available to all enumerators: –maps for each Investigator unit (IV unit) – boundary details of each block within an investigator unit

23 23 Establishment/Enterprise Schedule

24 24 Information Collected Location- fixed / mobile –within hh or outside Location- fixed / mobile –within hh or outside Number of workers ( hired / non-hired) according to sex Number of workers ( hired / non-hired) according to sex Economic Activities confirming to ISIC-4 digit Economic Activities confirming to ISIC-4 digit Social group of owner, Social group of owner, Registration code Registration code Major activity and Subsidiary activity Major activity and Subsidiary activity Ownership of enterprise Sources of outstanding loans

25 25

26 26 ABSTRACT FOR QUICK DATA RELEASE Abstract : To be filled for each enumeration unit by the enumerator by transferring entries from ‘Total’ row of the ABSTRACT form.

27 27

28 28 POST ENUMERATION CHECKS In order to assess the quality of data collected, post enumeration checks was conducted by in all the States/UTs after completion of the fieldwork of the Economic Census,2005 In order to assess the quality of data collected, post enumeration checks was conducted by in all the States/UTs after completion of the fieldwork of the Economic Census,2005 Two villages and two urban blocks were selected at random from each of about 600 districts throughout the country Two villages and two urban blocks were selected at random from each of about 600 districts throughout the country PEC was done by trained investigators of the Ministry of Statistics & PI (NSSO) who was not involved in the fieldwork of the census PEC was done by trained investigators of the Ministry of Statistics & PI (NSSO) who was not involved in the fieldwork of the census

29 29 DATA PROCESSING Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) technology or Automated Forms Processing is used for processing the data Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) technology or Automated Forms Processing is used for processing the data The technology enables the user to process documents from their images of the filled-in schedules and convert them into database The technology enables the user to process documents from their images of the filled-in schedules and convert them into database This permits permanent storage of copy of the original schedules in electronic form. This permits permanent storage of copy of the original schedules in electronic form.

30 30 Server Controller station Tiling & Completion stations Export station Scanning station Recognition stations Exception stations LAN SETUP - DATA CENTREs Forms are fed thru SCANNER(S) batch by batch Field by field character images are automatically RECOGNISED Tile/Correction station - Un-recognised Characters are corrected by OPERATORS Supervisors Handle Exceptional cases referred by Operators Supervisor Export completed batches as ASCII file for further processing Supervisor Monitor the workflow & Balance the load at different stages of operation Form IMAGES stored in Network DISK

31 31 TILING STATION

32 32 TILING STATION

33 33 COMPLETION STATION [Field mode ] Form Image Houselist Enterprise Schedule Enterprise Abstract Extracted data

34 34 LARGE SCALE LARGE SCALE SAMPLE SURVEYS SAMPLE SURVEYS

35 35 Basic Information Large scale Socio-economic sample surveys are conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) on regular basis. Have 5000 regular staff Large scale Socio-economic sample surveys are conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) on regular basis. Have 5000 regular staff Topic of Surveys: Consumer Expenditure/ Labour Force – on regular basis, other subjects are taken up according to 5/10 year cycle or on priority basis Topic of Surveys: Consumer Expenditure/ Labour Force – on regular basis, other subjects are taken up according to 5/10 year cycle or on priority basis Coverage: Entire country Coverage: Entire country Survey round: One year for Economic Surveys: Jul-Jun Survey round: One year for Economic Surveys: Jul-Jun Frame: Area Frame based on Economic Census used for Enterprise Surveys Frame: Area Frame based on Economic Census used for Enterprise Surveys

36 36 Sampling Design Data Collection Strategy Two Stage Stratified Sampling Two Stage Stratified Sampling FSU’s are Villages / Urban blocks FSU’s are Villages / Urban blocks Listing of HHS or Establishments done for each selected FSUs and further stratified according to sampling strategy varies from survey to survey Listing of HHS or Establishments done for each selected FSUs and further stratified according to sampling strategy varies from survey to survey SSUs ( HHs / Establishments) are chosen based on Circular Systematic Sampling. SSUs ( HHs / Establishments) are chosen based on Circular Systematic Sampling. Each investigator visits the selected SSUs and fills up paper schedule running into 8-10 pages Each investigator visits the selected SSUs and fills up paper schedule running into 8-10 pages Depending on surveys, multiple activity-wise data are collected Depending on surveys, multiple activity-wise data are collected

37 37 INFORMATION COLLECTED Type of Organisation /Ownership Type of Organisation /Ownership Assets and Liabilities Assets and Liabilities Employment and Labour Cost Employment and Labour Cost Receipts Receipts Expenses Expenses Input items Input items Products and by-products Products and by-products Distributive Expenses Distributive Expenses

38 38 Recent Surveys taken up R63- Jul 06-Jun 07: Service Sector (excl-Trade) R63- Jul 06-Jun 07: Service Sector (excl-Trade) R62- Jul05-Jun 06: Unorganised Manufacturing R62- Jul05-Jun 06: Unorganised Manufacturing R57-Jul 01-Jun 02: Unorganised Services (excl- Trade & Finance) R57-Jul 01-Jun 02: Unorganised Services (excl- Trade & Finance) R56-Jul 00-Jun01: Unorganised Manufacturing R56-Jul 00-Jun01: Unorganised Manufacturing R55-Jul 99-Jun 00: Informal Sector Enterprise R55-Jul 99-Jun 00: Informal Sector Enterprise (excluding Agriculture) (excluding Agriculture) X Aug98-Jun 99: Special Enterprise Survey X Aug98-Jun 99: Special Enterprise Survey R53-Jul 97-Dec 96 : Trading (NDTE, OATE) R53-Jul 97-Dec 96 : Trading (NDTE, OATE) R51-Jul 94-Jun95 : Unorganised Manufacturing R51-Jul 94-Jun95 : Unorganised Manufacturing

39 39 INDIAN CENSUS OF INDIAN CENSUS OF REGISTERED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

40 40 Definition of SSI Sector Consists of SSI and SSSBE Consists of SSI and SSSBE SSI – Small Scale Industrial undertakings having investment in fixed Assets in Plant and Machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or by hire-purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million ( ~ $ 2,487,562) SSI – Small Scale Industrial undertakings having investment in fixed Assets in Plant and Machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or by hire-purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million ( ~ $ 2,487,562) SSSBE – Small Scale Service and Business (industry related) with investment in fixed assets, excluding land and building, upto Rs. 1 million. SSSBE – Small Scale Service and Business (industry related) with investment in fixed assets, excluding land and building, upto Rs. 1 million. Registration: Not Compulsory Registration: Not Compulsory

41 41 Survey Design Coverage: Entire Country Coverage: Entire Country Census of all registered units ( about 2.3 million) Census of all registered units ( about 2.3 million) Sample Survey of 19278 villages / urban blocks to net unregistered sector Sample Survey of 19278 villages / urban blocks to net unregistered sector Design: Two stage Sampling based on EC frame, FSUs having more than 200 units chosen with prob=1 and rest based on PPS. Design: Two stage Sampling based on EC frame, FSUs having more than 200 units chosen with prob=1 and rest based on PPS. At SSU – 20 units for FSU selected with prob=1 and 10 units from rest FSUs. At SSU – 20 units for FSU selected with prob=1 and 10 units from rest FSUs. Method: Mostly Interview Method: Mostly Interview

42 42 INFORMATION COLLECTED Type of Organisation /Ownership Type of Organisation /Ownership Management by sex Management by sex Assets and Net-worth Assets and Net-worth Plant Machinery-original value Plant Machinery-original value Employment Employment Gross output Gross output Description of Products and by-products Description of Products and by-products Exports Exports Seasonality in operation Seasonality in operation Use of computer Use of computer Reasons for sickness, if any Reasons for sickness, if any

43 43