1 2017 DISTINGUISHED ANNUAL LECTURE SERIES OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE IFE, OSUN STATE. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

2 THE DIFFICULT MARCH TOWARD EDUCATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA: LAW, POLICY AND GOVERNANCE IMPERATIVESABUAD... A Vision in Motion

3 TEXT OF A PERSONALITY KEYNOTE LECTUREBy Aare Afe Babalola, OFR,CON,SAN,LL.D(LONDON), D.Litt, LL.D (FUTA), LL.D (Lagos), LL.D (Ado - Ekiti), LL.D (Jos), FNIALS, FCI.Arb, FNSE Founder/Chancellor, Afe Babalola University, Ado – Ekiti President, Institute of Arbitration of Nigeria THEMED EDUCATION, CONSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA Thursday, 15th June, 2017.

4 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPROTOCOL ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

5 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionIntroduction ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

6 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionI consider it an honour to be invited as the Guest Speaker at the 2017 edition of the Annual Lecture of the Faculty of Education of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) and to be conferred with the Faculty Award for Excellence for “my Exemplary Contributions to Nigerian Education”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

7 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionMode of Delivery of Invitation Letter ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

8 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWhen the Dean of the Faculty of Education, the well respected and erudite Prof. B.I. Popoola, led a team of 12 Academic Giants, including the Immediate Past Registrar of JAMB, Prof. Dibu Ojerinde, to Ado-Ekiti to personally deliver the letter for me to be your Guest Speaker today, I was not only humbled and honoured, it was imperative in the circumstance for me to accede to their request despite my very tight and busy work schedule. I am glad I am here with you this morning. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

9 Apart from that, let me say right here that I accepted to be here for several reasons, but I will mention only three, viz: This university, Obafemi Awolowo University, a prestigious university by any standard, is well respected globally for maintaining a consistently high standard of comprehensive learning and human development since its establishment in 1962. Here is a university that is well known for its expansive and impeccable infrastructure and cutting edge human and physical resources. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

10 And most importantly, here is a university that is named after one of Africa’s visionary and most respectable leaders, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, SAN, the First Premier of Western Region, the progenitor and brain behind the establishment of this University for whom I have tremendous regard for his sterling and selfless contributions to education. Every student, graduate, Faculty or anyone for that matter that is associated with this University has reasons to be proud of its distinguished history and track record. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

11 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionLegendary Contributions of Chief Awolowo ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

12 Chief Awolowo’s contributions to education were legendaryChief Awolowo’s contributions to education were legendary. Of particular importance in this respect was his introduction of Free Primary Education in the Old Western Region way back in 1955 and the deployment of as much as 52% of the Region’s resources on education to make total men and women out of the indigenes of the Region then. This paid off with the monumental development of the Region ahead of others, even till today. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

13 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionHis vision in spearheading the establishment of this University was to promote quality University education, character development and Spartan self-discipline. This could be gleaned from one of his famous quotes, to wit: “Any system of education, which does not help a man to have a healthy and sound body, alert brain, and balanced and disciplined instinctive urges, is both misconceived and dangerous”  The sage also once remarked that: “Any people that is starved with books, especially the right type of books, will suffer intellectual malnutrition, stagnation and atrophy”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

14 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThese lofty ideals and visions of the founding father of OAU, which is to reform and promote qualitative education in Nigeria, are strikingly the same visions and ideals that I have passionately championed and dedicated the latter part of my life to. Like Chief Awolowo, I work tirelessly to be, and will hope to be remembered as the father of University reform in Nigeria and an ardent defender of the rights of the Nigerian people to qualitative, affordable and accessible as well as functional education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

15 Dwindling Quality of EducationABUAD... A Vision in Motion

16 For many years, Nigerian Universities have at a geometric rate waned in quality, substance and prestige. Those of you here who attended and taught in any Nigerian university in the sixties would easily appreciate the extent of dilapidation of necessary physical structures and facilities in many of our universities today.  A combination of infrastructural decay, lack of adequate funding, dearth of qualitative practical training curriculum and inability to attract the best teaching minds have all combined to stagnate our Universities to the current appalling point whereby ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

17 QS World University Ranking and Webometrics Rankings that rank Universities based on facilities, programme and instructional content, perennially fail to rank or mention a single Nigerian university in the top 1,000 category. For many of us, this situation was an unbearable dishonor to the legacy of Chief Obafemi Awolowo that required urgent and aggressive turn around. It was the commitment to play a role in reforming Nigerian educational system that spurred me to initiate diverse reforms during my tenure as the Pro-Chancellor and Chairman, Governing Council of the University of Lagos. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

18 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionMany of the achievements we recorded during that period have been lauded globally and remain a reference point till today as a result of which the NUC voted me the “Best Pro-Chancellor in Nigeria” twice in succession. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

19 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionHope not Lost ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

20 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionLadies and gentlemen, the hope of a rewarding education system in Nigeria is not lost. My personal commitment and aspiration is to do all that is humanly possible to make the Nigerian university system one of the best in the world. I am very confident that we will get there. Today's event presents another opportunity for all of us present here to brainstorm and rub minds on how we can get there. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

21 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionBased on my experience as a former Pro-Chancellor and now Founder of ABUAD, I hope to share with you my practical suggestions on how our educational systems can be strengthened to deliver quality, Accessible, and affordable education for the people of Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

22 The Three As ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

23 Accessibility, Affordability, and AvailabilityI intend to offer some practical suggestions on how “the three A’s” of Accessibility, Affordability, and Availability of quality education systems can be attained in Nigeria. In particular, I will divide my talk into three distinctive areas. First, I will outline the dimensions, scope and content of what I mean by educational security. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

24 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSecond, I will discuss the threats to educational security in Nigeria, particularly how lack of robust constitutional and legislative safeguards on educational right continues to hinder educational security in Nigeria and Finally, I will outline how Universities could be at the forefront of reversing educational insecurity in Nigeria through innovation-driven programs and education that is relevant, sustainable and functional. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

25 EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL SECURITYABUAD... A Vision in Motion

26 I perceive education as the full development of the human mind, cutting across cognitive,Education goes beyond schooling; it transcends classroom teaching and the attendant certification. It is the process of inviting truth and acquiring all-round knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and character, needed to become a better citizen. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

27 Education is the birth right of human beingABUAD... A Vision in Motion

28 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionEducation throughout life is the birthright of every human being on earth. The right to education is one of the most basic rights recognized in International Law and in the laws of every civilized country of the world. Education has long been recognized as both a human right and an indispensable means of realizing other human rights. Education is also a principal tool for unlocking prosperity and eradicating endemic poverty. According to the United Nations, every year of formal education increases an individual’s earning capacity by up to 10%, the higher the level of education, the greater the chance of escaping poverty. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

29 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionEducation and eradication of diseases ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

30 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionEducation also has a role to play in eradicating diseases and premature deaths. This is why life expectancy rates in highly literate countries is often very high, 88 years in Australia, 87 years in Canada, 85 years in the United States, while unfortunately the life expectancy for an average Nigerian is 47 years. For example, United Nations statistics suggest that a child born to a mother who can read is 50% more likely to survive past age five. This is understandable because in our current highly polluted world, education provides mothers with the tools to make proper choices in nutrition, sanitation and water consumption, all of which can reduce infant mortality. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

31 No wonder the US Philosopher, Brigham Young, stated that: The UN also notes that each extra year of a mother’s schooling reduces the probability of infant mortality by 5-10%. No wonder the US Philosopher, Brigham Young, stated that: “You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a whole generation.”  ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

32 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionEducation – Passport to the Future: Example of Transformation Power of Education ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

33 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionEducation is undoubtedly the passport to the future with each page filled with limitless opportunities. With all modesty, my life is an example per excellence of the transformative power of education. From modest and humble beginning in Ado Ekiti, my Standard Six Certificate from Emmanuel Primary School, Ado-Ekiti. I was able to obtain a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics from London University in 1959 and an LL.B in 1963 from the same University of London both by Private study. All of these have afforded me the opportunity of serving as Pro Chancellor and Chairman of Council of UNILAG, the Chairman of the Committee of Pro-Chancellors of all Nigerian Universities and now the Founder of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), “Africa’s Fastest Growing University”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

34 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThis is why that Chinese adage states “If you are planning for a year, sow rice; if you are planning for a decade, plant trees; if you are planning for a lifetime, educate people”. Investment in education is the only sure way to the liberation of human minds. As I tell my students, education, especially quality education breeds discipline, discipline breeds character, character breeds faith and faith never fails. This my view was complemented by the inspiring wise words from the throne when in 2013 His Royal Majesty, the Alaafin of Oyo described ABUAD in the following words: ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

35 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion“The greatest benefit that education confers on an individual is character. Character is determined by three important factors; heredity, environment and training. For the first time in this country, we have seen somebody put into practice these parameters of character moulding. We have in this environment, a conducive atmosphere that will sustain and encourage learning, well stocked library, professionals of high quality, all from the singular effort of a single person”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

36 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Right, Article 26ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

37 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionGiven the intrinsic value of education to human life, environment, prosperity and survival in general, International Law has emphasised the right of every individual on earth to quality education. As far back as 1948, Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed that: Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the Elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms…Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

38 The Key Elements of the Declaration – Three A’sABUAD... A Vision in Motion

39 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThe key elements in this Declaration are: accessibility, availability, affordablility and quality education. In 1989, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, in Articles 28 and 29, stipulated that primary education should be “compulsory and available free to all”. Article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) also recognises the right of everyone to free primary school education and the obligation of governments across the world to progressively introduce "free education for secondary and higher levels’.   ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

40 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionArticles 13.3 and 13.4 also require countries to respect the educational freedom of parents by allowing them to choose private educational institutions for their children. These instruments emphasize the need for free education even at higher levels such as the University. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

41 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAdoption by Nigeria ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

42 More recently in 2015, countries of the world, including Nigeria, adopted the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Goal 4 of the SDGs also encourages all countries to “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all”. SDG 4 contains seven robust targets that contain commitments by countries to guarantee free, quality and accessible education by the year 2030. Target 1: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education Target 2: By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

43 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTarget 3: By 2030, ensure equal access by all to affordable and quality Technical, Vocational and Tertiary education, including University education.  Target 4: By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills in Technical and Vocational skills for decent jobs and Entrepreneurship.  Target 5: By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

44 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTarget 6: By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy. Target 7: by 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

45 By 2030, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries. By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

46 Summarily, under SDG 4, all countries are committed to achieving educational security by 2030, i.e. the availability, affordability, and accessibility (three A’s) of inclusive and equitable quality education for all by 2030. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

47 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionImplication of adoption of SDGs goals ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

48 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAs a signatory to these important instruments, Nigeria has a fundamental obligation, as a responsible nation, to fully respect, protect and fulfil the right of every citizen to education in accordance with these provisions of International Law. Fulfilling the right to education not only includes taking steps to ensure that every Nigerian is able to access quality education, it also includes the responsibility of the Nigerian government to remove all barriers to accessing quality education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

49 Chapter IV of Nigeria’s Constitution ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

50 Unfortunately, the grim reality is that these legal obligations have remained unrealized in Nigeria.The three A’s of Affordability, Accessibility and Availability of high quality education remains a utopian concept for every Nigerian. One critical legal barrier is that the Nigerian Constitution fails to provide a robust recognition for the right to education. The right to education is sadly cosmetic in Chapter IV of the Constitution, being a chapter that cannot be enforced in any court. While other serious countries have guaranteed the right to education through enforceable legal instruments that empower citizens to hold the ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

51 political class to account for failing to finance education, Nigerian citizens are left to depend on the goodwill of the ruling class or to pursue incessant strike actions, due to the failure of the political class to protect, defend and fulfil the Fundamental Human Rights to education. Not only have governments failed to finance and equip our educational systems to be qualitative, competitive and functional, they have also failed to address barriers to educational access such as endemic poverty and conflicts. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

52 In the light of the gaps in Nigerian laws, and the perennial failure of the political class to properly finance and equip our institutions of learning, a complex paradox and dialectic faced by University reformers like myself is the challenge of how to achieve educational security, i.e. the Accessibility, Affordability and Availability (three A’s) of quality educational systems in Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

53 The paradox of “cheap, fast and good”: ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

54 It is conventional wisdom in service delivery that “cheap, fast and good” can never go together.In Project Management and Business circles, it is considered impossible to deliver a commodity or service that is cheap, at the same time, fast and good. Clients are often requested to choose one or two of the three concepts. From my experience in UNILAG and ABUAD, this Project Management paradox is the same for a University system. You want fast education that is not punctuated by incessant labour actions, strikes or governmental disruptions; you also want good education which includes being taught by some of the world’s best ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

55 Professors (who are often remunerated at above market rates), including having access to the best learning infrastructural conditions; then it must come at an above market cost, meaning such education will most certainly not be cheap. Unfortunately, Nigerian governments have failed to understand this imperative and basic service delivery, a situation that has often resulted in the compromise of quality or good at the altar of cheap. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

56 Duty of Government to invest in Private UniversityABUAD... A Vision in Motion

57 This lack of understanding has resulted in a situation whereby governments see no reason why Private Universities should be supported or funded by Federal Agencies like the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) in Nigeria. In countries such as Canada, United Kingdom and USA and Japan that understand the basic service delivery paradox, both public and private Universities are financed by the government such that they can deliver fast and qualitative education at a substantially reduced or affordable cost.  In Japan where more than 2/3 of the Universities are Private Universities subsidies are granted by the National government through promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation to maintain and improve education and research conditions and ease the financial burden of the student. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

58 In addition, the national government provide direct grant to private universities for the purchase of educational and research equipment so that their distinctive educational and research are promoted. In fact the Private School Promotion and Assistance Law stipulates that government could subsidize up to 50% of the current expenditure of Private Universities although at present Private Universities receive about 12% of expenditure. Without an active and deliberate commitment by Nigerian governments to actively invest in all levels of education to promote availability, affordability, and accessibility of quality education systems, education security may remain an illusory concept. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

59 The big question therefore is what are the law and policy tools required for us to attain educational security in Nigeria. Despite the complex nature of this question, it does not call for intellectual surrender. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

60 Essentials of Educational Security: ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

61 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAs earlier noted, educational security is the availability, affordability and accessibility of functional and qualitative education systems for every Nigerian. A citizen is educationally secured if quality education is available to him/her in an affordable and accessible manner. Education insecurity arises where government fails to tackle barriers to the three A’s of availability, affordability and accessibility. Availability is the need to provide a sufficient number of educational institutions and systems that can allow as many citizens to be enrolled in their chosen fields of study. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

62 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAccording to the theoretical teachings of Sir Robert Menzies, the former Prime Minister of Australia, who is credited as the father of University education and reform in Australia, “every self-respecting government must accommodate the educational needs of all its citizenry”. For example, when Sir Menzies first became Prime Minister of Australia in 1939, there were only six universities in Australia and 14,236 University students, in a country with a population of Seven Million. By the time he retired in 1966 there were 16 universities and 91,272 University students. One of the key principles advocated by Sir Menzies is that a nation must build, open and finance as many Universities as are required to rid the country of ignorance and unfulfilled dreams. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

63 That is why it beats my imagination when some commentators assert that we have too many Universities in Nigeria. For example in the United Kingdom with a population of 64 million people, there are currently 108 Universities. Nigeria, with a population of over 180 million people, has 40 Federal Universities, 44 State Universities totalling 84. As at the time of writing, Nigeria has only 69 Private Universities bringing the total number of universities in Nigeria to 153. Japan with a population of 127million has over 86 national universities, 89 public universities and 604 private universities totalling 779 universities. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

64 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWe must ensure that all approved Universities deliver qualitative education. It is of no value to have several Universities issuing only certificates. Our Universities must be places of learning, mental development for solutions to present and future problems. They must be places of character development where students can access and acquire the required skills for self-actualization and nation building. Universities must provide the right conditions, resources, infrastructure, adequate buildings, sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, trained teachers and modern teaching materials. This is the key to quality education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

65 Government alone cannot provide quality education to allABUAD... A Vision in Motion

66 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAdvanced countries have quickly realized that Government alone, with all its responsibility for infrastructure development in other sectors, cannot construct and build the required quality Universities that will accommodate the citizenry. That is why in addition to providing robust financial support for public Universities, government bridges the gap of insufficient space for interested and qualified University candidates by encouraging well-meaning Nigerians to establish private universities. The private universities which have accredited programme should be entitled to government support in research and further infrastructure. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

67 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSome of the greatest and most dynamic Universities in the world like Harvard University, Yale University, and Stanford University, are private Universities. They all enjoy financial support from government. However, unlike Harvard, Yale Stanford and other Ivy League Universities that are being extensively supported through direct Research Grants and Aid by the American government, the Nigerian government expects private Universities to survive or perish at their own expense. ABUAD is the first and only Nigerian University in history to have commenced operations with all faculty buildings up and running before applying for and obtaining NUC approval. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

68 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSimilarly, ABUAD is the only institution in the country that currently has what is known as Talent Discovery Directorate where students are made to discover their gifted areas early enough and get mentored through provision of the right type of equipment until they are nurtured to stardom. Despite these and other efforts to spearhead Technological Research and innovation, Nigerian governments refuse to support those achievements and efforts. Instead, lopsided and archaic policies that exclude private universities from accessing University Research funds continue to hold sway. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

69 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWhy should anybody exclude private universities from accessing funds collected from private people which the private universities are established at the behest of the Federal Government and the students are being trained to serve the people and the government? It is patently and unfathomably unfair. It is illogical. Therefore, for many of us that rose to the call of tackling the problem of limited qualitative University spaces for the vast number of qualified candidates by establishing private Universities, it has been a very difficult march. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

70 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionBut for the passion to reform education and raise a new generation of leaders, investing in a private University in Nigeria is not only an expensive and non-rewarding enterprise but a thankless endeavour. Accessibility: To achieve educational security, all Nigerians must enjoy equitable access to quality education at all times. Of what use are constructed University structures that are often shut down due to strike actions? Due to inadequate funding of universities by government, strikes and unrests which often make it difficult for students to complete their courses at the stipulated time, have become the order of the day. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

71 Educators are therefore the gateway to the future of every country. To make education accessible at all times, governments must address working conditions of University officials to ensure that students can access knowledge at all times. Every responsible government across the world prioritizes the welfare of educators. Teaching is the greatest act of patriotism. A good teacher is like a candle – it consumes itself to light the way for others. Educators are therefore the gateway to the future of every country. A great teacher can inspire a whole generation of thinkers. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

72 However, when educators are not motivated, innovation is lost and a nation suffers from intellectual malnutrition. Governments and responsible corporations in this country must understand the role of teachers and address root causes of perennial strikes and protests to create the right atmosphere for intellectual blossoming. I had called on government and I will again use this opportunity to call on the government to institutionalise education as an essential service and classify it as such with Electricity, Police and Army which are not allowed to go on strike. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

73 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSimilarly, our educational institutions and programmes must be accessible to everyone without discrimination. This means that they must be open to all, without discrimination as to income, religion, sex, location or any other prohibited grounds. They must also be physically accessible and within safe physical reach. Insecurity has today become one of the most significant barriers to education in Nigeria, especially in the North due to terrorism. Educational institutions have had to shut down for months. Similarly, across the nation, limited attention is paid to the special needs of disabled individuals. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

74 Affordability: As I earlier demonstrated, quality education cannot be cheap. The only cheap commodity I know of is ignorance. Ignorance is free. Anyone can freely elect to be ignorant but at a high cost to him/herself! But when we speak of high quality education, I tell you from experience that it cannot come at a bargain or cheap price. As Benjamin Franklin once famously remarked “The bitterness of poor quality remains long after the sweetness of low price is forgotten”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

75 Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels written in 1726 said “nothing is big or small otherwise by comparison”. Table 1 below demonstrates how laughable and ridiculous the annual tuition fee we pay in Nigerian Universities is compared with the annual tuition payable in Universities across the globe. In making the comparison, I have used 8 universities namely; Cambridge University in England, Stanford and Harvard Universities in the US, University of Witwatersrand and University of Cape Town, University of Ibadan, Obafemi Awolowo University and University of Nigeria, Nsukka in Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

76 For Engineering in Cambridge, the annual tuition translate to N9,978,425.60, in the US the tuition fee for Engineering in Standard and Harvard translates to N14,909, and N21,073,500 respectively. In University of Witwatersrand South Africa, the tuition fee is N1,389,449.25, while in University of Cape Town the tuition fee is N2,048, Now back to Nigeria, the tuition fee in University of Ibadan for Engineering is N37,950.00, OAU N54,700 and University of Nigeria N63,950. The table also contains similar comparative analysis of tuition paid in the stated universities in Medicine and Management. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

77 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTable 1: COMPARISON OF FEES OF SELECTED UNIVERSITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE WITH NIGERIA’S TOP FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

78 Affordable Quality Education is what we need In Nigeria, we expect the government to provide free University education, when developed countries like Canada, United States and United Kingdom cannot even guarantee free University education. This is a misplaced and wishful priority by agitators of cheap or free university education. What we need is not free or cheap university education, but affordable university education. Affordable is defined in the Webster Dictionary as “having something at a cost that is not too high.” It is the constitutional responsibility of Nigerian government to subsidize education to make it affordable and not too high for citizens. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

79 Students, both in private and public university, are provided diverse forms of scholarships, grants and aids so that they can afford the set tuition. This way, the University maintains a positive balance sheet to finance operations, overheads and activities, while students are able to “afford” what could have been an overtly unaffordable and prohibitively expensive education. Under this scenario, quality is never comprised. Rather than looking to authorities at private or public universities to reduce their tuitions and become cheap, Nigerians must take informed decisions at state and federal levels for governments to establish tuition subsidy, grants or ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

80 ABUAD... A Vision in Motionscholarship schemes and in the process, tuition bills for the children of the poor would have been borne by the government while the rich would pay the full cost of education of their children. Our Universities cannot continue to run on red balance sheets while perennially waiting for government bail-outs, government research funding or incremental salary increase by government. The rich must not be forced to send children out of the country for quality education It must be appreciated that in this country like any other country in the world, we have different classes of people: the poor, the middle class, the wealthy and the very wealthy. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

81 It is my view that the child of the poor should not be denied the right to quality education, but the wealthy should not be forced to send their children overseas for quality education because of the poor quality of education in our university. If the quality of education in Nigeria is good enough, the rich will not send their children out to be educated abroad. If the rich pay good fees and various tiers of government support universities with Grants and Endowments, then the universities will have enough money to provide quality and functional education for all. This argument underscores the reason why universities should enjoy the autonomy to charge appropriate fees to meet its expenses. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

82 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWhen government provides full scholarships or tuition coverage to all indigent students or students from low-income families, our Universities will have the autonomy to levy the right amount of tuition that will keep them functional, autonomous, and competitive. As Sir Menzies noted “Universities must be accorded the highest degree of autonomy and self-determination on the ground that the particular services which they render, both to their country and to mankind in general, cannot be rendered without such freedom”. The current government approach of having under-financed universities is a difficult path that cannot deliver educational security for Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

83 Pathways to Educational Security: In this final part of my address, I will propose key Legal and Governance strategies that could assist in removing the barriers to educational security in Nigeria namely enforceable constitutional right to education sustained budgeting and funding investment in research and innovation and peculiar Nigerian factor. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

84 Enforceable constitutional rights to education: To promote accessible, affordable and available education of the Nigerian people, the supreme law i.e. our constitution must recognize the basic right to education as a justifiable and enforceable right. The current constitution, foisted on Nigerians by the military in 1999, unscrupulously placed education under Chapter II called the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy. This portion of the Constitution indeed graciously and rightly provides that: “The Government shall strive to eradicate illiteracy; and to this end Government shall, as and when practicable, provide   free, compulsory and universal primary education;  free secondary education;  free university education; and  free adult literacy programme”. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

85 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWhile these are all very good and robust provisions, section 6(6) (c), paragraph (c) of the same Constitution however provides that the Judiciary shall have no powers to decide on any issue or question as to whether any act of omission by any authority or person is in conformity with the Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy. This provision makes it impossible, for citizens to sue the government for failing to provide free or quality education. In essence, like a Greek gift, the constitution in one breadth contains wishful aspirations or dreams about education, and in another breath takes it away from the citizens. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

86 For the first time, we have a Professor of Law as Vice President. There is an urgent need to modify these archaic provisions and recognize education as an important and enforceable fundamental human right. For the first time, we have a Professor of Law as Vice President. Expectations are high that given his understanding of the gaps created by this provision, positive reform can be undertaken to provide more robust protection for educational rights in Nigeria. Sustained Budgeting and Funding: Considering the level of infrastructure decay and rot across Nigerian educational institutions, educational security can only be achieved if it is robustly and continually funded. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

87 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTo rapidly catch up with the rest of the world in terms of quality education, there is a need to comply with the international guideline by UNESCO which directs each government to devote 26% of its budget on education. I recall that Chief Awolowo devoted 54% of the budget to education. Targeting a certain percentage of GDP each year would ensure that the education infrastructure deficit is slowly reduced, while demands for new infrastructure are met. The plan could include flexibility to accommodate accelerated educational investment in times of economic slowdown or recession. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

88 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionNigeria must also engage with international development partners and meet its obligations under joint funding schemes. For example, the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) has invested in a five-year, £95m programme aimed at assisting the Government of Nigeria to better plan, finance and operate infrastructure, including educational infrastructure. The Nigerian Government must be transparent, accountable and committed to the proper utilization of such funds for education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

89 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionA combination of government funding and international development funding could deliver real and measurable financial capital base to realise and meet the expenditure required for financing the education sector. It will also provide robust financial basis for Nigeria to roll out scholarships and grants programs to support affordable education. Rather than borrow money to buy bulletproof cars and life jackets, a serious nation will invest money to build the future, which is innovation and education. With education, the political class will find little or no need for bulletproof cars, as every youth will be able to attain a respectable source of income. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

90 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSimilarly, Public-Private sector initiatives still have significant roles to play in cushioning shortfalls from budgetary allocations as well as providing new and independent sources of financing. Governments must however provide added impetus and support for private sector players by removing archaic barriers and promoting flexible policies that can enable private institutions to thrive and prosper. For example, bureaucratic processes and participation rules should be straightforward, transparent and inclusive. The prosperity of the private sector will deliver rapid development under the PPP model. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

91 Investment in Research and Innovation: The importance of innovation cannot be overemphasised. It is not a mere coincidence that Nigeria’s glorious years in terms of national economic development were years when our Universities were equally known for delivering significant innovation and research. However, poor funding, brain drain, infrastructural deficiency, poor ethical standards and different levels of institutional corruption are some of the reasons why Nigerian Universities can no longer drive innovation. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

92 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionUnless this situation is reversed, Nigeria will continue to depend on foreign technology and goods as the foundation for its infrastructural projects. This is an approach that has failed us for several years and will continue to do so. Countries that have achieved meaningful development realised this and have dedicated significant national funding to research and innovation.  In several developed countries, universities are the ones spearheading Research, Applied Technology, High-tech Industry, Global Management expertise, Export and Economic growth. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

93 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTake Canada for example, where Aeronautical Engineering Departments have spurred key breakthroughs for Aviation Infrastructure, making Canada a leading manufacturer of aeroplanes (the Bombardier). Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Departments have also provided talented graduates who drive Canada’s Electronics and Software industry, which generates $50 billion in annual exports. For example, the famous Blackberry phones we all carry today is a Canadian product. Architecture and Civil Engineering Departments have also developed low cost facilities for road and infrastructure construction. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

94 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAnd several of Canada’s professors have won Nobel Prizes in Medicine, Engineering and Sciences. This is the same in the United States where Harvard University, a private University, has produced some of the world’s leading Innovators and Engineers.  As a University Administrator, I know the depth of human and intellectual capacity locked behind the gates of our universities. If well-funded and motivated by Government, our Universities hold the key to unlock sustainable infrastructural development in Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

95 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThe rapid development and growth of Afe Babalola University, the approval by the NUC and the encomiums and accolades showered on the university by national and international Education stakeholders all over the world convince me that private universities have prominent roles to play in national development and should be funded and encouraged to do so. Government must create an enabling environment for our universities to drive innovation in Nigeria if we seriously wish to achieve educational security and sustainable development. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

96 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPeculiar Nigerian Factors  The last of the pathways to educational security is what I describe as the “Peculiar Nigerian Factors”. This is an area which is peculiar to Nigerians and which continues to bother me. Unless these factors which are peculiar to Nigeria are dealt with effectively and decisively, all efforts to actualise educational security would end in vain. I will now deal with these Peculiar Nigerian Factors under the following headings: Population Philanthropy, giving and attitude of Nigerians to giving Place of Alumni in the running of Universities ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

97 Population It is common knowledge that the population of Nigeria is increasing by the day. It therefore follows that the geometric rise in population will certainly impact negatively on the dwindling yearly revenue of the government and the amount the government can reasonably budget for education. I believe Nigeria has to relate the growth in the population of the country to the resources available to government in the midst of several needs it has to provide for and the time is now. Refer to Figures 1, 2 and 3 which show graphically the geometric rise in Nigeria population vis-a-vis countries such as United States of America and China. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

98 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionFigure 1 Figure 1: Nigeria’s population has grown to over four times between 1955 and 2017 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

99 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionFigure 2 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

100 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionFigure 3 Figure 2 & 3. Comparison of Nigeria’s population growth with US and China ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

101 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThe above demonstrates beyond doubt that Nigeria is the fastest growing country in population. While other countries are curtailing population growth, Nigeria revels in producing children without caution.  When China woke up to the reality of population explosion starring it in the face, it pegged the number of children per family to one. However, any family which chooses to raise a second child will be responsible for the education of the second child. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

102 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionOn the contrary, Nigeria continues to revel in the unwholesome habit of giving birth to a multitude of children. For example, a friend of mine called me three weeks ago and with relish told me that his 13 children and 34 grandchildren came to visit him. One recalls the story of a 93 year old Mohammed Bello Abubakar who has 97 wives and 185 children. As a matter of fact, Bello at some point had 107 wives but the number got reduced to 97 after he had divorced 10 of them. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

103 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionTwo children to a family With these type of horrendous picture, the time has come for the government to frankly convince the people of the need to moderate the number of children they raise. I, on my part would recommend only two children per family.  The government must make it abundantly clear that there is a limit to the amount of money it can provide for education in the midst of competing areas of need. The politicians particularly those aspiring to be governors should stop deceiving the populace that, if elected, they would provide free education. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

104 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionThis is how we came about several State Universities which are only universities in name and are not better than glorified Secondary Schools. You must have read reports on how students in a State University hire sheep pens for accommodation and the surrounding bush as toilets. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

105 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPhilanthropy and Attitude of Nigerians to Giving Over the ages, educational institutions, libraries and healthcare facilities have been funded through gifts from kind-hearted people. It is a historical fact that universities did not start off with the government of yester years. In fact, universities were started by people who wanted to learn as a result of which they pooled themselves together. Right from the outset, students paid their teachers what was then referred to as “collectio” meaning “a gift” rather than salary. Later, such collectio i.e. gift got transformed into salary. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

106 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionHistorically, universities including the University at Constantinople which was founded in 2BC were all cooperation of students and were founded by philanthropists and kind-hearted people. This ancient practice was followed by universities like Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Stanford and indeed the Ivy League Universities which were founded by kind-hearted individuals like Stanford and Harvard. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

107 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPhilanthropic gestures of the missionaries Coming back home, we owe the earliest Secondary Schools to the Missionaries; the Church Missionary Society (CMS), the Baptist, Methodist, Roman Catholic Church, Presbyterian, Sudan Interior Mission. Some of the elders here today and the teachers of younger ones are beneficiaries of the philanthropy of these missionaries. One would have expected that the younger generations would learn from the acts of these philanthropists and demonstrate the benefits of philanthropy by giving handsomely to Universities. Regrettably, the average Nigerian does not believe in giving. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

108 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionConsequently, while the government cannot meet the directive of UNESCO in funding universities up to 26% of their budget, the people also have failed to make donations and gifts to universities. The Universities are therefore starved of funds as government alone cannot provide the funds needed for quality functional education.  I therefore call on the government to honestly tell the public that they must change their attitude to giving and do what other countries do. They must change their attitude to giving and endow universities with professorial chairs, scholarships, buildings etc. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

109 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPlace of Alumni in the running of Universities An alumnus of a university is a child of the university that trained the student. One expects an alumnus to recognise and treat the university the same way he treats the biological father. One expects a good child to cater for both the biological father and the university which is the other father. I recall my invitation by the Alumni of the University College Hospital, Ibadan at 50. My research shows that the university had turned out thousands of Medical graduates, I also observed that they were celebrating the 50th Anniversary in a Hall built by government when they were students ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

110 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionI attach herewith as annexure 1 Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife graduate output from 1963 /1964 to 2014/2015. The total number of Postgraduate and Undergraduate students is 136,270. Assuming only 75% of these graduates appreciate their obligation to the university and support the university with only N10,000 a year, the total monetary support to the university will be N1,022,020, In the last 10 years, it would be close to N10,220,200,000.00 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

111 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionMy submission is that, if those who have passed through this university appreciate their obligation to their alma mata, OAU, education would’ve become more accessible, affordable and available with less dependent on government’s subvention. I seize this opportunity to call on all members of the Alumni Association of OAU to rise to the challenge of taking this institution to greater height by donating handsomely to the OAU Alumni Association. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

112 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionI challenge all those who have graduated from OAU particularly those who are gainfully employed including those in business and politics to donate not less than 10% of their income to Alumni Association Endowment Fund.  This 2017 Annual Distinguished Lecture should be employed as an occasion to remind ourselves of our duty to our Alma Mata – a duty to fund the University. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

113 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionConclusion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

114 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionIn conclusion, Ladies and Gentlemen, I believe that due to gaps in the Nigerian Constitution, lack of sustained government funding of education, failure to incentivize private sector investment in education and the peculiar Nigerian factors, the current path to attaining educational security in Nigeria is narrow and difficult. But all hope is however not lost. All of you as stakeholders in the education sector have pivotal, sacred and indispensable roles to play in contributing your voices, ideas and opinions to debates on how qualitative education can be more accessible, available and affordable in Nigeria. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

115 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionGovernment inertia or failure is not the greatest loss, the greatest loss is when educated minds fail to inspire the next generation. OAU has great minds in the likes of the Vice Chancellor, Prof. E. O. Ogunbodede, erudite Prof. B. I. Popoola, renowned Educationist, Prof. Dibu Ojerinde, the Immediate Past Registrar of JAMB and a host of academic giants present here today among whom are the patriotic men and women who came physically to ABUAD to deliver the letter of invitation to me. These committed academic giants have all it takes to inspire the next generation. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

116 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionI have gone through some historical documents about the rise of OAU. I must say that I am impressed with the achievements of the University and the array of academic giants including the past and present Vice Chancellor. The University has reason to be proud of influential and notable alumni of the University. I attach as annexure 2, a list of some eminent alumni. I challenge these eminent alumni to emulate their alumni counterparts in other countries. OAU has the requisite human and capital resources to innovate University system. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

117 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionWhat must be impressed on the Alumni of this great university is that those who have benefitted from this University should donate generously to their Alma Mata. I therefore attach a document showing generous donations of your counterparts to their various universities with the hope that you will follow suit.  See Annexure 3 below: I am convinced that with you out there, Nigeria has the requisite human and capital resources to innovative University system. ABUAD looks forward to working with you to make it happen. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

118 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionI thank you profoundly for the opportunity given me to address you at this event. I hope that I have not bored you too much. I also believe that I have raised some issues which could provoke debates on how quality and functional education can be made accessible, available and affordable. However, if anybody is offended by any of my remarks, I offer no apology as I enjoy absolute privilege to express my opinion under Section 39 of 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as amended. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

119 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

120 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAnnexure 1 OBAFEMI AWOLOW UNIVERSITY, ILE-IFE GRADUATE OUTPUT 1963/1964 – 2014/2015 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

121 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionYEAR SUB DEGREE UNDER GRADUATE POST TOTAL 1963/1964 12 8 20 1964/1965 27 111 9 147 1965/1966 43 220 275 1966/1967 57 211 16 284 1967/1968 59 148 14 221 1968/1969 341 280 17 638 1969/1970 227 296 30 553 1970/1971 248 462 36 746 1971/1972 710 419 54 1,183 1972/1973 707 614 60 1,381 1973/1974 483 688 63 1,234 1974/1975 616 805 84 1,505 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

122 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionYEAR SUB DEGREE UNDER GRADUATE POST TOTAL 1975/1976 773 743 125 1,641 1976/1977 972 748 104 1,824 1977/1978 779 974 201 1,954 1978/1979 906 1429 204 2,539 1979/1980 1030 1499 181 2,710 1980/1981 898 1311 301 2,510 1981/1982 1256 1584 250 3,090 1982/1983 1826 1911 360 4,097 1983/1984 1382 2257 371 4,010 1984/1985 715 2202 405 3,322 1985/1986 513 1706 351 2,570 1986/1987 1874 424 3,272 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

123 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionYEAR SUB DEGREE UNDER GRADUATE POST TOTAL 1987/1988 1012 2103 437 3,552 1988/1989 988 2058 452 3,498 1989/1990 1201 2116 478 3,795 1990/1991 895 1988 502 3,385 1991/1992 990 1984 527 3,501 1992/1993 976 1949 552 3,477 1993/1994 962 1914 577 3,453 1994/1995 1995/1996 934 1852 624 3,410 1996/1997 921 1820 648 3,388 1997/1998 907 1787 671 3,365 1998/1999 893 1754 695 3,342 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

124 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionYEAR SUB DEGREE UNDER GRADUATE POST TOTAL 1999/2000 879 2963 537 4,379 2000/2001 2001/2002 2746 964 3,710 2002/2003 2954 694 3,603 2003/2004 2851 854 3,705 2004/2005 2005/2006 3145 508 3,653 2006/2007 751 579 1,330 2007/2008 2767 1359 4,126 2008/2009 871 669 1,540 2009/2010 3236 755 3,991 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

125 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionYEAR SUB DEGREE UNDER GRADUATE POST TOTAL 2011/2012 & 2012/2013 9713 3297 13,010 2014/2015 150 4714 1560 6,424 GRAND 27,285 86,256 22,730 136,270 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

126 Annexure 2 Influential and Notable alumni in various SectorsABUAD... A Vision in Motion

127 Government and politicsAkinwumi Adesina, President of African Development Bank & former Nigerian Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Amal Pepple, former Nigerian Minister of Lands, Housing & Urban Development and former Head of Nigerian Civil Service Lai Mohammed, Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture Alexander Akinyele, former Nigerian Minister of Information Abdur-Raheem Adebayo Shittu, Honourable Minister of Communication ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

128 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionOladapo Afolabi, former Head of Nigerian Civil Service Olusegun Mimiko, Governor of Ondo State, Nigeria Olagunsoye Oyinlola, former Governor of Osun State, and former Military Governor of Lagos State Nigeria Olusegun Oni, former Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria Fidelis Oyakhilome, former Governor Rivers State, Nigeria Dominic Oneya, former Governor Kano state, Nigeria Oluremi Tinubu, former First Lady and Senator of Lagos State, Nigeria Babafemi Ojudu, Senator of Ekiti State, Nigeria ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

129 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionChristopher Omoworare Babajide, Senator of Osun State, Nigeria Abike Dabiri, former Member of the House of Representatives Sarah Alade, Acting Governor Central Bank of Nigeria Jimi Agbaje, Lagos State Governorship candidate Femi Adesina, Special Adviser to President Buhari on Media and Publicity Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu, Governor, Ondo State ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

130 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionBusiness Femi Otedola, Nigerian oil billionaire Jimoh Ibrahim, Lawyer, Nigerian billionaire Ibukun Awosika, Chairman, First Bank Nigeria Dele Momodu, Nigerian Journalist, Businessman and CEO of Ovation International Magazine Olajumoke Adenowo, Nigerian Architect and Businesswoman Isaac O. Ogundipe, Electrical Engineer, former General Manager Electrical & Telecoms of FAAN currently CEO of Isolog Schools Demola Aladekomo, Computer Engineer, Technology Expert, Entrepreneur and Philanthropist ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

131 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionLaw Femi Falana, Senior Advocate of Nigeria and Nigerian Human Rights Lawyer Nkemdilim Izuako, Nigerian Judge and member of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal Yusuf Olaolu Ali, Lawyer, Senior Advocate of Nigeria Fatou Bensouda Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court in the Hague Gbenga Oyebode, MFR, one of the founding Partners and Chairman, Management Board of Aluko & Oyebode Nwali Sylvester Ngwuta, CFR, Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria Owoseeni Ajayi, Attorney General of Ekiti State ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

132 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionFunso Aiyejina, Nigerian Poet, Short Story Writer and Playwright, Dean of Humanities and Education University of West Indies Wole Oguntokun, Nigerian Playwright, Stage and Film Director, Theatre Administrator and Newspaper Columnist Ibiyinka Alao, Nigerian Artist Olusegun Adeniyi, former Presidential Spokesman for the Late President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua and Chairman of the Editorial Board, Thisday Newspaper Afeez Oyetoro, Actor and Comedian Femi Branch, Nigerian Actor Tade Ipadeola, Lawyer, Prize-winning Poet and Author. President of PEN Nigeria ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

133 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionArt and Media Lagbaja, Nigerian Artist Biyi Bandele, Nigerian Novelist and Playwright Femi Euba, Nigerian Actor and Dramatist Dizzy K Falola, UK-based Nigerian singer Ibiyinka Alao, Artist Seun Osewa, Founder of Nairaland Osonye Tess Onwueme, Nigerian Playwright, Poet and Professor of Global letters Toyin Adewale-Gabriel, Nigerian Literary Critic, Poet and Writer ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

134 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionAcademia Idowu Bantale Omole, Professor of International Relations and Former Vice Chancellor (Obafemi Awolowo University) Karin Barber, Professor of African Cultural Anthropology at the University of Birmingham, England Bolaji Aluko, Professor of Chemical Engineering at Howard University, Washington DC and was Chair of its department from 1994–2002 currently Vice-Chancellor of the Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State Nahzeem Olufemi Mimiko, Professor of Political Science and former Vice Chancellor of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko Ondo state, Nigeria ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

135 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionRoyalty and Society Pastor Enoch Adeboye, General Overseer, RCCG Adesimbo Victor Kiladejo, Traditional Ruler of Ondo Kingdom, Nigeria ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

136 Toyin Falola, Nigerian Historian and Professor of African studies Francisca Oboh Ikuenobe, Professor and Head of Geology and Geophysics at Missouri University of Science and Technology Oluwarotimi Sanya, Professor and Provost of the College of Medical and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti Abiodun Ojo, Professor and Provost of the College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

137 Annexure 3 THE 51 MOST GENEROUS ALUMNI DONORS TOAMERICAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

138 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionRobert Woodruff – Emory University In 1979, Woodruff and his brother George donated $105 million to the university, which was the largest donation to a single educational institution at the time. His total lifetime giving to the school: $230 million - N89.7 billion Sanford I. Weill – Cornell University Most notably, he and his wife gave $215 million to the medical school that now bears their name.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $275 million - N107.3 billion Mildred Topp Othmer – University of Nebraska Lincoln. Her total lifetime giving to the school: $125 million - N48.8 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

139 John D. Hollingsworth, JrJohn D. Hollingsworth, Jr. – Furman University His total lifetime giving to the school: $115 million - N44.9 billion Gerald and Ronnie Chan – Harvard University Their total lifetime giving to the school: $350 million - N136.5 billion Jay H. Shidler – University of Hawaii Manoa His total lifetime giving to the school: $100 million - N39 billion Frank Batten, Sr. – University of Virginia His total lifetime giving to the school: $160 million - N62. 4billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

140 Robert A. Day – Claremont McKenna College His total lifetime giving to the school: $200 million - N78 billion John P. and Tashia F. Morgridge – University of Wisconsin Madison. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $105 million - N40.95 billion Edward P. Bass – Yale University While his most recent gift to Yale University was a $60 million fund to renovate and build science facilities, Mr. Bass has long supported his alma mater financially.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $200 million - N78 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

141 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionSandra and Edward Meyer – Cornell University In 2015, Sandra and Edward Meyer donated $75 million to Cornell University to establish a new cancer center. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $75 million - N29.3 billion Charles T. Munger – University of Michigan Most recently, Munger gave a gift of $110 million to support a state-of-the-art residence at the University of Michigan designed to foster a community where graduate students from multiple disciplines can live and exchange ideas.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $123 million - N48 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

142 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionIrwin Mark Jacobs and Joan Kline Jacobs – Cornell University & Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Cornell alumni Irwin Mark Jacobs (’54) and Joan Kline Jacobs (’54) donated $133 million to their alma mater and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to establish a new center for innovative learning based on Roosevelt Island in New York City. Their total lifetime giving to the schools: $133 million - N51.9 billion John W. Kluge – Columbia University The University received his bequest of $400 million to the university, announced in 2007, following Kluge’s death in His total lifetime giving to the school: $500 million - N195 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

143 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionKenneth Langone – New York University He has given money to endow a part-time evening MBA program for the Stern business school at NYU, and donated $100 million to the NYU Medical Center (which now bears his name) in His total lifetime giving to the school: $200 million - N78 billion Thomas Siebel – University of Illinois Most recently, Siebel gave $100 million to jump-start the school’s fundraising campaign. His $138.6 million - N54.1 billion Patrick J. and Lore Harp McGovern – Massachusetts Institute of Technology Their total lifetime giving to the school: $350 million - N136.5 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

144 Louis A. Simpson – Northwestern University & Princeton University His total lifetime giving to the schools: $185 million - N72.2 billion Stephen M. Ross – University of Michigan Ann Arbor His total lifetime giving to the school: $313 million - N billion John and Marion Anderson – University of California Los Angeles. His wife Marion donated $100 million to the school in 2015 in order to fund fellowships and financial aid for students and to build a new center for research. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $100 million - N39 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

145 Samuel Tak Lee – Massachusetts Institute of Technology His total lifetime giving to the school: $118 million N46.02 billion Hansjorg Wyss – Harvard University The Wyss Institute at Harvard University was formed in 2009 thanks to a $125 million gift from Mr. Wyss. His total lifetime giving to the school: $250 million - N97.5 billion George Lucas – University of Southern California  Lucas gave USC $175 million to restore and renovate buildings at the USC School of Cinematic Arts.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $185 million - N72.2 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

146 John A. Paulson – Harvard University He  gave a $400 million endowment for the School of Engineering and Applied Science. His total lifetime giving to the school: $400 million - N156 billion Walter H. Annenberg – University of Pennsylvania In 1993, Annenberg gave a cash gift of $120 million to his would-be alma mater, making it Penn’s largest-ever cash gift at the time. His total lifetime giving to the school: $128.1 million – N50 billion T. Boone Pickens – Oklahoma State University His 2006 donation of $165 million was the largest donation to any NCAA athletic program. His total lifetime giving to the school: $293 million - N114.3 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

147 Michael Bloomberg – Johns Hopkins University Most recently, he committed $350 million to the university. His total lifetime giving to the school: $1 billion - N390 billion Terrence M. and Kim Pegula – Pennsylvania State University: Pegula expressed his gratitude and love for his alma mater by presenting the university with $88 million to create a new sports arena and to establish a NCAA Division I men’s and women’s ice hockey program. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $88 million - N34.32 billion Kenneth Griffin – Harvard University Griffin gave his alma mater $150 million with the stipulation that more than 90% of the funds support undergraduate financial aid. His total lifetime giving to the school: $150 million - N58.5 billion

148 Peter B. Lewis – Princeton University A gift of $60 million created the Lewis Library, and his gift of $35 million endowed the Institute for Integrative Genomics.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $220 million - N85.8 billion Phillip H. Knight – University of Oregon & Stanford University: His total lifetime giving to the schools: $405 million – N158 billion Eli and Edythe L. Broad – Michigan State University : Their total lifetime giving to the school: $100 million – N39 billion Stephen Schwarzman – Yale University He donated $150 million to help restore, renovate, and build onto the campus’s treasured undergraduate dining building, the Commons. His total lifetime giving to the school: $150 million – N58.5 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

149 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionDavid Tepper – Carnegie Mellon University Tepper gifted his alma mater with a $67 million fund to expand the Pittsburgh campus, creating a new home for the School of Business, as well as creating a quadrangle on campus. His total lifetime giving to the school: $125 million – N48.8 billion Pierre and Pam Omidyar – Tufts University He granted $100 million shares of stock in his company to his alma mater. His total lifetime giving to the school: $100 million – N39 billion John Arrillaga – Stanford University His total lifetime giving to the school: $251 million – N97.9 billion William H. Scheide – Princeton University His total lifetime giving to the school: $300 million – N117 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

150 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionDawn M. and Jerome Greene – Columbia University Dawn Green gave the university $200 million for a new brain and behavioral research center.  Their total lifetime giving to the school: $260 million – N101.4 billion John Jackson – University of Texas Austin In 2002, the University of Texas Austin received John Jackson’s bequest in the sum of $232 million.  His total lifetime giving to the school: $232 million – N90.5 billion Raymond and Ruth Perelman – University of Pennsylvania In 2011, at age 93, he and his wife bestowed $225 million upon the university’s Medical School, which created a permanent endowment for the school’s financial aid budget. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $252 million – N98.3 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

151 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionDavid and Dana Dornsife – University of Southern California They made their largest donation to date in 2011 with an unrestricted gift of $200 million for USC’s College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $200 million – N78 billion Ira and Mary Lou Fulton – Arizona State University They gave the school $100 million in 2005 to put towards special educational initiatives.  Their total lifetime giving to the school: $160 million – N62.4 billion Robert E. and Dorothy King – Stanford University Their 2011 gift of $150 million established the Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies. Their total lifetime giving to the school: $154.5 million – N60.3 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

152 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionJulius Silver – New York University Mr. Silver bequeathed $150 million to NYU upon his passing in His total lifetime giving to the school: $150 million – N58.5 billion A. Alfred Taubman – University of Michigan Mr. Taubman’s support of medical science at U-M stands at $100 million. His total lifetime giving to the school: $142 million – N55.38 billion John and Julie Mork – University of Southern California John never forgot the education he received at USC, and has given the school upwards of $110 million dollars. In 2005, Mork and his wife, Julie, donated $15 million to name the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. Just six years later, the Morks gave $110 million to fund undergraduate scholarships.  Their total lifetime giving to the school: $135 million – N52.65 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

153 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionRuth Clark and Phillip Forbes Holton – DePauw University Their total lifetime giving to the school: $128 million – N49.92 billion William S. Dietrich, II – University of Pittsburgh His total lifetime giving to the school: $125 million – N48.75 billion Roberta Buffett Elliott – Northwestern University At the start of 2015, Northwestern alumna Roberta Buffett Elliott 2015 gifted her alma mater with $100 million to benefit the school’s fundraising campaign. Her total lifetime giving to the school: $110 million – N42.9 billion ABUAD... A Vision in Motion

154 ABUAD... A Vision in MotionPeter H. and Paula Lunder – Colby College Their total lifetime giving to the school: $100 million – N39 billion Charles B. Johnson – Yale University President of Yale University on September 2013 announced a $250 Million gift commitment to the University by Charles B Johnson His total lifetime giving to the school: $250 million – N97.5 billion NB. Rate of Exchange:- $1 – N390 ABUAD... A Vision in Motion