1 Agenda Homework Review Do-now review Notes Exploration activityClass Practice Independent Practice Exit Slip

2 Key Point #1 Nucleic acids are molecules that store and express the genetic code of living things.

3 DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid2 types of nucleic acids DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: ribonucleic acid

4 Nucleotides Nucleic acids are made up of a chain of nucleotides3 parts of a nucleotide Phosphate group Sugar Nitrogenous base

5 Nucleotides The order nucleotides line up in creates a unique genetic code for each organism Only identical twins have the same DNA!

6 Key Point #2 DNA is the master copy of an organism’s genetic code.

7 Location Since DNA is the master copy of an organism’s genetic code, it must be kept safe so it NEVER leaves the nucleus. DNA in the nucleus is safe But DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed

8 Structure DNA is made up of TWO strands of nucleotide chainsThe two strands are twisted to look like a “twisted ladder” that scientists call a DOUBLE HELIX.

9 Double helix The steps = nitrogenous basesBackbone: The sides =sugar and a phosphate group

10 DNA Nucleotide 1. Phosphate group 2. Sugar: Deoxyribose sugar3. Nitrogenous bases: “A”: Adenine “T”: Thymine “G”: Guanine “C”: Cytosine

11

12 DNA base pairs Adenine--- Thymine A ATTACHES TO T--- AT!

13 DNA Base Pairs Cytosine—Guanine C’s are straight G’s

14 OOOOOKAY Enough talking, let’s build some DNA!!!!!

15 Materials

16 You build the complementary strandA T C

17 You build the complementary strandT G A

18 You build the complementary strandT C

19 You build the complementary strandA C

20 Key Point #3 Since DNA can’t leave the nucleus, it sends the genetic message out into the cell with RNA

21 Location RNA takes the genetic message from DNA in the nucleus out into the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

22 Structure of RNA RNA has only ONE strand of nucleotides.

23 RNA nucleotide Phosphate group Sugar: Ribose sugar Nitrogenous bases“A”: adenine “U”: uracil “G”: guanine “C”: cytosine

24 RNA vs. DNA -single stranded -uracil instead of thymine-ribose instead deoxyribose

25 RNA- sugar: ribose Same N bases except no Thymine, Uracil instead

26 RNA loves U RNA Review DNA and RNA base pairing...Same rules EXCEPT THERE IS TO NO T. A pairs with U on RNA.

27 Back to building!

28 Build the SINGLE RNA strand that is complementary to this DNA strand

29 Build the SINGLE RNA strand that is complementary to this DNA strandT C A

30 Build the SINGLE RNA strand that is complementary to this DNA strandA C G

31 Build the SINGLE RNA strand that is complementary to this DNA strandC G A

32 Alert: way harder! Build the DNA strand that this RNA strand was copied from A G U

33 Alert: way harder! Build the DNA strand that this RNA strand was copied from C U

34 Use your notes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And your brain A lot of info Let’s organize it Fill in this table independently! We will go over it in a second. Use your notes!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! And your brain 

35 DNA v. RNA: All the info in one place!# of strands TWO ONE Nitrogenous bases used ATGC AUGC Type of sugar in backbone Deoxyribose Ribose What does it do to genetic information? Stores it; holds it Takes messages Is it made of nucleotides? yes Found in nucleus? Cytoplasm? Nucleus only- never leaves Nucleus, can move into cytoplasm Complimentary strand to DNA of GATTACTACGA? CTAATGATGCT CUAAUGAUGCU Complimentary strand to DNA of TTTAGGGCCCAT AAATCCCGGGTA AAAUCCCGGGUA

36 End of Class Do your exit slip In your folderGrade sheet Exit slip Quiz Classwork Take your table home with you! you will need it for HW! Homework: Worksheet– minutes