1 Alcohol and Drugs In ReviewMs. Dunsford Alcohol and Drugs In Review

2 Goals Gain knowledge on D&A in order to: Understand effectsMake positive decisions Handle peer influence Understand addiction Realize influences Seek help (if needed)

3 Agenda Review of Drugs Addiction Stages of AddictionAlcohol Drinking & Driving Marijuana Nicotine & Caffeine Prescription Drugs Other drugs Effects of Use Addiction Stages of Addiction Impact of Family & Society Treatment & Recovery

4 Before we begin... Background Goals Decision making ConfidentialityParticipation Respect

5 What is a drug? Necessary – which ones?Nearly all are toxic - i.e. alcohol, aspirin TYPES: Uppers – stimulants – increase body processes Nicotine, caffeine, ecstasy, cocaine, meth Downers – slow down body processes Alcohol, narcotics, tranquillizers, inhalant All-Arounders - various effects Cannabis, hallucinogens

6 Common Drugs of Use What are the most common drugs of use by teens in Alberta? Alcohol Marijuana Tobacco

7 Activity: R.I.G.H.T. Instructions: Groups of 3One in middle with eyes closed Others give correct and incorrect directions to spell correct Discussion How did it feel to be in the middle? How did you listen to? How did it feel to be giving instructions? How does this relate to peer pressure?

8 Questions to Ask… Why do people use drugs & alcohol?Why is it important to discuss D&A? Why talk about it now?

9 Alcohol Drug – mood altering Central nervous system DepressantEffects every organ of body Blocks messages to brain that alters your perceptions and emotion

10 FACTS - Alcohol No. 1 abused substance by teens, illegalWhy? Before 14 more likely for addiction 56.3% Alberta teens use, 12% harmful use 17.6% use-ages in Canada (Health Canada, 2004)

11 SOCIETAL IMPACT Readily available Relatively inexpensiveSocietal acceptance Experimentation with alcohol to be “a right of passage”. Teens model adult behavior Media influences

12 Myths Females have same effects of alcohol in same doses1-2 drinks will not affect a person’s driving Alcoholism is a choice, not a disease Drinking alcohol makes you happier The only reason drinking under 18 is illegal is because teens are considered irresponsible

13 Factors Influencing Alcohol EffectsAge Gender Physical condition Amount of food eaten Other drugs (energy drinks – fatigue, dehydration, heart attacks) Tolerance

14 EFFECTS In low doses alcohol produces: lowers inhibitionsimpairs concentration slows reflexes impairs reaction time

15 Problem Use slurred speech cause drowsiness alter emotions vomitingIn med. doses alcohol produces: slurred speech cause drowsiness alter emotions In high doses alcohol produces: vomiting breathing difficulties unconsciousness, coma Binge drinking is 3-4 drinks on one occasion Ask : “How can/has drinking affected others/my major life areas?” - school relationships - health finances…

16 Withdrawal Symptoms Shaking (tremors), irritabilitySleep problems, nausea, anxiety Hallucinations, convulsions, extreme agitation A HANGOVER is withdrawal symptoms!

17 Chronic alcohol use Dependence and addictionDamage to brain that are irreversible Vitamin (B-1-thiamine) deficiency - impaired memory, confusion or amnesia, and disorientation Blackouts, short term memory Ulcers, weakening heart muscles, liver damage Facial changes, hoarseness, inflamed stomach

18 Drinking & Driving 3 in 10 people will be in alcohol related car accident in their lives # 1 cause of death 15-19, 45% crashes alcohol/drug related BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentration – level of alcohol in the blood stream – 0.08 Legal: Temporary driving permit - 21 days, automatic 3 month driving suspension A conviction will result in a minimum 12 month driving prohibition & minimum fine of $600 Subsequent convictions can result in imprisonment.

19 BAL Chart

20 Activity Planning AheadGiven an event, plan what problems may occur & your action plan.

21 CANNABIS Marijuana – joint, tea, with food, water pipeMany street names – weed, pot, reefer… Depressant, though increase heart THC - cannabis plant (tetrahydrocannabinol) “Gateway drug” - more than % of marijuana users progress

23 Myths Marijuana is natural & not harmful. Marijuana is NOT addictiveDriving under the influence of marijuana does not impairs driving. Eating while being “high” makes the experience last longer

24 FACTS - marijuana 119,472 marijuana related emergency room admissions (164% increase 1995). Drug Abuse Warning Network – 2002 255,394 admissions of people into drug treatment programs stated marijuana was drug of addiction (176% increase 1992). Department of Health and Human Services- 2001 7-10 times more potent than in 1960’s (275% increase)

25 Effects- marijuana Cancer – lung, throat Heart Rate IncreaseA-motivation syndrome - Depression & Fatigue Lowered Sperm Count Underachievment - Tolerance and Addiction Heart Rate Increase Slows Reactions Effects Mood & Perceptions  Confused or Anxious Reduce Short Term Memory   Panic Attacks   

26 1)PRESCRIPTION MEDCATIONSTranqulizers Sleeping pills, barbiturates Example: Valium Sense of calm to treat anxiety Harmful Effects - Sleep problems, unconsciousness, addictive, stomach pain, mood or mental changes, dizziness, convulsions

27 Prescription Medications“OTC” = over the counter drugs Some examples: 1) Stimulants - Ritalin, Aderol 2) Depressants – Valium, Xanax & Rohypnol – date rape drug, lethal sedative-hypnotic causes muscle relaxation and amnesia

28 Prescription - cont 3) Opoids – examples: A) Morphine, CodeineB) Percocet /OxyContin commonly abused increased effect with increased dose, orally or snorted, deadly Triple C – contains DXM Cough and Cold Corcidin Red pill taken orally 10-30 milligrams

29 UPPERS - Stimulants Drugs that Stimulate Central Nervous SystemExamples: CAFFEINE AND NICOTINE ECSTACY COCAINE AMPHETAMINE (meth)

30 CAFFEINE Caffeine found in coffee, tea, chocolate, sodaEffects – kidneys, constriction of blood vessels, physical dependence

31 1) NICOTINE Did YOU Know? 26.4% teens smoke in Alberta (2002)75% of young smokers want to quit Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine 90% of smokers started smoking before age 18 Tobacco companies spend $16 million dollars a day on advertising (most target youth)

32 The TRUTH Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals - 50 cause cancer. Smoking is one of the hardest addictions to overcome. Nicotine & Caffeine have harmful effects! Addiction, chronic headaches, decreased appetite, anxiety, lung cancer The good news: Every year, thousands quit smoking

33 Balloon Juggle Challenge 1: To keep balloons up in airChallenge 2: To keep balloons up in air with an addition of balloons

34 Debriefing What did you notice on Challenge 1What balloons were remaining? How does this relate to the introduction on drugs and alcohol into one’s life?

35 Drugs & Alcohol - Day 2 Agenda Other drugs Addiction Family DiseaseStimulants, Inhalants, Amphetamines, Downers, Steroids Addiction Family Disease Treatment

36 2) ECSTACY MDMA - Adam, ecstasy, E, X 5.3 % teen use in Alberta10.1% us in Canada (Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) Pill, tablet, capsule Effects similar to those of amphetamines and cocaine use Harmful effects: depression, anxiety, paranoia, increased heart rate, teeth clenching, blurred vision, chills or sweating.

37 3) COCAINE Street Names - “Crack, Blow, Coke”2.9% teens use in Alberta, 9.8% use in Canada (Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) Powerfully addictive – dopamine - demo Harmful effects-increased heart rate, anxiety, paranoia, depression

38 4) AMPHETAMINES Street Names – “Meth, Crystal Meth, Crank, Speed”Orally or intravenously (snorting the powder), by intravenous injection, and by smoking 5.3 % teen use in Alberta Harmful effects: irritability, insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, aggressiveness, convulsions, excessive weight loss, teeth

39 METH Tolerance develops rapidlyHigh doses leads to paranoia, hypersensitivity and impulsive behavior Effects similar to those of cocaine Meth Labs – common products, illegal, all ingredients are poisonous Tweaking – 3-15 hours no sleep, irritable, paranoid

40 DOWNERS Drugs that Depress Central Nervous System Examples: ALCOHOLTRANQUILLIZERS/PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS NARCOTICS/OPIATES INHALANTS

41 NARCOTICS The Opiates (or Narcotics) - made from opium poppy or chemicals with same effect Examples: HEROIN MORPHINE OPIUM METHADONE Some prescription medication

42 One example: Herion Street Names “ Smack, Junk, Horse”Effects: Euphoria, fatal overdose, collapsed veins, infectious diseases, infection of the heart and liver disease. Heroin costs - $2500-$5000 an once (vary) Harmful Effects-Damage to organs, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, malnutrition, convulsions, coma and death

43 EFFECTS- opiates Damage to organs Respiratory depressionNausea, vomiting Loss of appetite, malnutrition Convulsions, coma and death

44 NEGATIVE EFFECTS Stomach pain Mood or mental changes Dry mouthConvulsions Seizures Dizziness Anorexia Dry mouth Loss of consciousness Coma Cold and clammy skin Fever or rash

45 INHALANTS Depressants 1,000 common household productsExamples: Paint thinner, gasoline, hair spray, whipped cream dispensers, lighters, glue, polish remover sniffed directly from an open container or "huffed" from a rag soaked Signs of use – rash, odor, dizziness

46 FACTS- Inhalants 5.6% Alberta teens have used, vs. 1.4% in Canada (Aged 15-24:Canada Health, 2004) Are poisonous Absorbed into bloodstream within minutes Mixing with other drugs=coma or death Physical effects – hearing loss, damage to brain, liver, kidneys. Harmful effects - Drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, severe headaches, depression, heart failure and death

47 EFFECTS - inhalants Drowsiness, slurred speech Nausea, vomitingUnconsciousness Severe headaches Depression Heart failure and death

48 “ALL -AROUNDERS” Drugs that have various effects on the Central Nervous System Examples: CANNABIS HALLUCINOGENS

49 HALLUCINOGENS Drugs that distort perception of reality Examples: LSDMUSHROOMS PCP (Phencyclidine) KETAMINE

50 LSD Street Name – “Acid” odorless, colorless, slightly bitter tasteHarmful effects: higher body temperature, sweating, sleeplessness, tremors, flashbacks, paranoia

51 MUSHROOMS & PCP PCP - “Angel Dust”Was a surgical anesthetic, various drug effects animal tranquilizer Mostly smoked, liquid - sprayed on Effects: psychosis, coma, violent behavior Mushrooms: – “shrouds, magic mushrooms” 10.4 % use Poisonous

52 KETAMINE Street Names - “Special K”Animal tranquillizer - Powder or liquid Has been used for “date rape” Harmful effects: visual distortions, amnesia, impaired motor function and potentially fatal respiratory problems.

53 HALLUCINOGENS EFFECTS OF USE Distorted perceptionsIllusions, hallucinations Violence or erratic behavior Depression “Awake” coma = catatonic syndrome psychosis, death

54 STERIODS Anabolic Steroids Examples: Depo-testosterone, durabolinReason for Use - Increased muscle Effects different-gender Harmful Effects – Liver cysts, retards growth of bones, hardens arteries, aggressiveness, high blood pressure, heart attack

55 What is Addiction? Change in brain chemistryAffects neurotransmitters that affect: Alertness (norepinephrine) Cravings (dopamine) Reward seeking behaviors (seratonin) Need more drug to have same release=effect

56 A Family Disease #1 preventive factor is parental involvement/ supervision Genetic component of Addiction Children of Alcoholic/ Drug Addicts

57 Family Influence

58 Addiction Activity Listen to storyFollow instructions at each vignette First, with your paper 2 favourite things on PURPLE 2 favourite hobbies on GREEN 2 goals for yourself on PINK 2 favourite people on GOLD

59 Discussion How did you feel ripping up first 2?Second, third, fourth 2 pieces of paper? What was the easiest, hardest? How does ripping up “x” relate to addition? How would it feel to loose all of this?

60 STAGES OF ADDICTION Abstinence / No useSocial / Experimental/ Recreational Easy to get “high”, misuse, with friends Regular Use Use frequent, tolerance, negative effects Preoccupation / Abuse Constant thoughts, unsuccessful to stop Addiction / Dependence

61 Signs of Addiction Tolerance Relationship ProblemsDramatic change in mood School or work problems Denial of problem Lying about use Having supply of drug Using while alone Relationship Problems Memory loss Minimizing use Health problems Loss of control while using Suicidal thoughts

62 Overdose – what to do Mental Confusion Vomiting SeizuresSlow breathing Hypthermia What to do: Call 911 – Get help Recovery Position

63 Addiction & Treatment Prevention is key! Indications of AddictionWhat if someone you know is addicted or headed towards addiction? Getting help – recovery and treatment Support Organizations - Alcoholics Anonymous, AL-ANON, ALATEEN Organizations – i.e. Alberta Health Services