1 Anatomy and PhysiologyObjectives: Describe the branches of Anatomy and Physiology Recognize the main functions of each organ system.

2 Anatomy: The study of STRUCTURE.Gross Anatomy: Large, easily observable structures. (Ex: Heart, bones) Microscopic Anatomy: Structures too small to observe with the naked eye. Cytology – the study of cells Histology – the study of tissues

3 Physiology – The study of FUNCTON.Ex: Cardiac Physiology: study of the function of the heart

4 Organization in Living ThingsCells are made of organic molecules: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids make up the cell and organelles. AtomsCellsTissuesOrganOrgan SystemOrganism

5 Organization in Living ThingsDamage at any level can affect the health and functioning of the organism.

6 Systems of Support Integumentary System: The SkinThe external covering of the body, AKA skin!! Functions: Waterproofs the body Protects the deeper tissues from injury Excretes salts and urea in perspiration Regulates body temperature

7 Systems of Support Skeletal System Muscular SystemServes as a framework of support Protects internal organs Muscular System Skeletal muscles make up the muscular system. Contract/shorten for movement, heat production

8 Systems of Control Nervous System Endocrine System: Endocrine GlandsThe body’s fast-acting control system Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors. Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands Regulates gradual changes within the body, with chemical controllers called hormones. Includes: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Adrenals, Thymus, Pancreas, Pineal, Ovaries, and Testes.

9 Systems that maintain HomeostasisCardiovascular System: Heart, Blood Vessels Delivery & transport of gases, nutrients and wastes Respiratory System: Lungs Gas exchange (carbon dioxide  oxygen) Consists of nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

10 Systems that maintain HomeostasisDigestive System Alimentary Canal: A tube running through the body from mouth to anus. Breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients Include mouth, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, and rectum. Urinary System Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine. Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

11 Systems that maintain HomeostasisLymphatic/Immune System: Defends body against pathogens, infection and disease Reproductive System: Main function is producing offspring Produces gametes (egg and sperm) Male’s R.S includes: sperm, testes, scrotum, penis, duct systems. Female’s R.S includes: Ovaries, eggs, uterine tubes, vagina, and uterus.