1 Anatomy Digestive SystemStructures of the Mouth

2 Takes place within the alimentary tract along with accessory organs.Digestion - mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of nutrients Mechanical Chemical Takes place within the alimentary tract along with accessory organs.

3 Approximately 30 feet from mouth to anus

4 Alimentary Canal Mucosa Submucosa Muscular layer Serous

5 Movements of the alimentary canal:mixing propelling

6 Mouth first portion of alimentary canal receives food and begins mechanical digestion (mastication)

7 Cheeks – form lateral walls of the mouthLips – surround the mouth opening Judge temperature of food Judge texture of food

8 Oral Cavity teeth tongue gums/gingiva tonsils uvula

9 22 of these

10 32 of these

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12 Cuspid – grasp and tear foodMolar – grind food particles Bicuspid – grind food particles Incisors - sharp edges to bite off food

16 forms roof of oral cavity anterior hard palate posterior hard palateUvula Soft palate and uvula close off the nasal cavity while swallowing

19 Salivary glands secrete saliva - fluid containing the enzyme amylase produced at the sight, smell, thought or taste of foods

20 Superior labial frenulumInferior labial frenulum

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24 Anatomy Digestive SystemPharynx, Esophagus, Stomach

25 Pharynx located behind the mouth functions in both respiratory and digestive systems

26 Bolus – mass of mixed food tongue forces food into pharynxSwallowing Bolus – mass of mixed food tongue forces food into pharynx swallowing reflex closes epiglottis peristalsis moves bolus toward stomach

27 “food tube” approximately 25 cm longEsophagus “food tube” approximately 25 cm long Esophageal hiatus

28 Lower esophageal sphincterprevents regurgitation of stomach contents

29 Hernia – portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragmCause heartburn, ulcers, inflammation, deterioration of esophagus

30 Stomach Fundus Body Pylorus

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32 What makes the sound when your stomach growls?As part of the process of digestion, fluid is secreted into the stomach and intestines. Gas also appears in the stomach and intestines either as a result of swallowing air or production of gasses by intestinal bacteria. Thus the stomach and intestines contain a mixture of digesting food, liquid, and gas. As the muscles of the stomach and intestines contract and squeeze their contents, the contents move. It is the movement of the food, liquid, and particularly the gas that gives rise to borborygmi. Borborygmi latin for “growlings”

33 semifluid paste of food andChyme semifluid paste of food and gastric juices

34 Anatomy Digestive SystemAccessory Organs

35 Appendix Vestigal – serves no known purposeMajor concern is if it become inflammed or ruptures. Septic

37 Pancreatic juices breakdown carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids and proteins.

38 Liver Largest internal organ – weighs approximately 3 lbs. 2 lobes.Removes toxins from the bloodstream. Important, but not directly related to digestion.

40 Bile salts help break down fats.Emulsification

41 Gallbladder Stores bile after it is created in the liver.Hematopancreatic sphincter allows for bile to squirt into the small intestine.

42 Gallstones formed from cholesterol and thickened bile.

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44 Anatomy Digestive SystemIntestines

48 Villi 4- 5 million Increase surface area Absorb nutrientsMove and sway with digestion

49 Inability to digest lactose because of a defieciency of lactase.May lead to malnourishment.

50 Celiac Disease Inability to digest foods which contain gluten found in wheat and rye products. May lead to malnourishment. Microvilli are flat rather than extended. Can’t absorb nutrients.

51 Signs that you may have lactose intolerance or celiac disease:Diarrhea Weight loss Weakness Vitamin deficiencies Anemia Bone demineralization

53 LAP-BAND Surgery (laporascopic banding) features an inflatable band that is placed around the upper part of the stomach, dividing it into two unequal parts. The upper part acts as the new stomach, restricting food intake and promoting weight loss.

54 Gastric Bypass Surgery in NJ separates the stomach into two unequal compartments with less than 5% of the stomach remaining usable for food consumption. During digestion, the food empties from this tiny stomach pouch into the upper intestine

56 Functions to absorb water and form solid fecal matter.No digestion or absorption of nutrients.

59 Break down remaining food particles – mostly celluloseIntestinal flora 100 trillion Break down remaining food particles – mostly cellulose Cleans the colon, helps prevent colon cancer.

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