1 Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1Perry C. Hanavan Audiologist
2 Mnemonic Devices Acronyms (form words)Acrostics/Sentences (create sentences from first letter) Rhymes & Songs Loci (rooms, routes) Linking/Chaining Chunking (breaking down into small parts) Peg (key words) Phonetic (sounds represent numbers to form word pegs)
3 Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy – study of structurePhysiology – study of function
4 Question Which of the following is the study of abnormal structures or systems? Descriptive or Systemic Regional Anatomy Applied or Clinical Anatomy Surface Anatomy Developmental Anatomy Comparative Pathological Anatomy
5 Types of Anatomical StudiesDescriptive or Systemic Anatomy - the method of studying the body by systems, such as auditory and respiratory systems Regional Anatomy - the study of the body by regions, such as the thorax and abdomen Applied or Clinical Anatomy - emphasizes structure and function as they relate to diagnosis and treatment Surface Anatomy - the visualization of structures that lie beneath the skin. It is an essential part of the study of regional anatomy and the primary means by which clinicians use anatomical knowledge in treating patients Developmental Anatomy – the study of anatomy from conception to adulthood Comparative Anatomy – study of anatomy across the animal kingdom, animal models, etc. Pathological Anatomy – study of abnormal structures or systems
6 Types of Physiological StudiesElectrophysiological Evoked Potentials, EEG, Respiratory
7 Question Which is the study of structure and function of muscles?Cytology Histology Osteology Myology Arthrology Angiology Neurology
8 Related Fields in A & P Cytology – study of structure and function of cells Histology – microscopic study of cells and tissue Osteology – study of structure and function of bones Myology – study of structure and function of muscles Arthrology – study of structure and function of joints Angiology – study of structure and function of blood vessels and lymph system Neurology – study of nervous system
9 Organization of the BodyOrganism Organ systems Organs Tissue Cell Organelle Chemical
10 Question Which of the following epithelial cells is found in the cochlea as inner and outer hair cells? Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Ciliated columnar Stratified
11 I. Epithelial Simple. Single layer of cellsSquamous Cuboidal Columnar Ciliated columner Compound. Different layers of cells Stratified
12 Epithelium Functions Impervious barrier (epidermis, urinary bladder)Secretion (exocrine glands) sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver and pancreas Adsorptive (intestinal mucosa) Transport (motile cilia) Sensory (photoreceptor cells, outer and inner hair cells, olfactions, etc.)
13 II. Connective Areolar – elastic Adipose – fat globulesBlood – corpuscles Bone Cartilage Lymphoid – tonsils, adenoid, lymph White fibrous – ligaments, fascia Yellow elastic – trachea, cartilage, lungs
14 III. Muscular Striated – skeletal, voluntarySmooth – internal organs, involuntary Cardiac – combination of striated and smooth, involuntary
15 IV. Nervous Neurons – transfer of informationGlial cells – nutrient transfer (glue)
16 Systems of Speech Respiratory Phonatory laryngeal/voiceArticulatory alter sounds Resonatory nasal and soft palate
17 Orientation TerminologyWhat is the opposite of proximal? Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Ventral Dorsal Distal Medial Lateral
18 Orientation TerminologyLeft Right Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Ventral Dorsal Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Superficial Deep Adduct Abduct Cranial Caudal
19 Movement Terminology Abduction Adduction Flexion ExtensionInversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Pronation Supination Lateral rotation Medial rotation Protrusion Retrusion Elevation Depression Opposition Reposition Circumduction Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Pronation Supination Lateral rotation Medial rotation Protrusion Retrusion Elevation Depression Opposition Reposition Circumduction
20 Body Planes Which divides the body into anterior or ventral and posterior or dorsal halves? Sagittal Transverse Frontal (Coronal) plane
21 Body Planes Sagittal plane - Divides the body into right and left halves. Transverse (Horizontal) plane - Divides the body into superior and inferior halves. Frontal (Coronal) plane - Divides the body into anterior or ventral and posterior or dorsal halves.
22 Where peri- endo- inter- intra- trans- extra- exo-
23 Rates hyper- hypo- tachy- brady-
24 Size Matters? macro- micro- megalo- -megaly
25 Common Terminology Abdomin/o: Abdomen Aden/o: Gland Anter/o: FrontArteri/o: Artery Audi/o: Hearing Bio: Life Brachi/o: Arm Bronch/i, bronch/o: Bronchus Carcin/o: Cancer Cardi/o: Heart Col/o: Colon Cyt/o: Cell Derm/a, derm/o, dermat/o: Skin Dors/i, dors/o: Back or posterior Encephal/o: Brain Gastr/o: Stomach Gynec/o: Female Hemat/o: Bl ood Hist/o, histi/o: Tissue Intestin/o: Intestine Lapar/o: Abdomen, loin or flank Lymph/o: Lymph vessels
26 Common Terminology My/o: Muscle Neur/o: Nerve Ocul/o: EyeOphthalm/o: Eyes Optic/o, opt/o: Seeing, sight Or/o: Mouth Ot/o: Ear Path/o: Disease Pharmac/o: Drug Pulmon/o: Lungs Sept/o: Infection Thorac/o: Chest/thorax Thyr/o: Thyroid gland Trachel/o: Neck or necklike Trich/o: Hair or hairlike Ventr/i, ventr/o: Front of body Viscer/o: Viscera (internal organs)
27 Video MPEG from head to foot MPEG sagittal view MPEG coronal viewBody Worlds Exhibition