1 ARPAV – Environmental protection Agency of Veneto Region www. arpaARPAV – Environmental protection Agency of Veneto Region
2 VENETO REGION AND ITS 7 PROVINCESAn ARPA is present in every italian Region VENETO REGION AND ITS 7 PROVINCES Every regional ARPA has the same basic organization: Central Office Regional Departments Provincial Departments VENICE CITY OF VENICE The Venice Department
3 Agency’s functions MONITORING the STATUS of the environment, i.e. of the Quality of: air (gases, particulate matters, pollens, …), water (surface, ground, sea, …), soil characteristics, physical agents (noise, non-ionizing radiation, radioactivity, …), meteorological parameters, avalanche forecasts. SURVEY on PRESSURE sources, i.e. on human activities releasing pollutants in the environment (industrial and risk plants, urban settlements, waste management plants, transport structures, …). Technical-Scientific SUPPORT to assess IMPACTS (environmental and health effects) and to give ANSWERS to the community. Analytical SUPPORT to the Regional Health Service (laboratory analysis on food, drinking water, swimming pool water, …). PROMOTION activities for Research, Environmental Information System, Environmental Education, Prevention…
4 Main RF electromagnetic field sourcesMobile phone Base Stations Radio and television broadcasting stations DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting – Handheld) Wi-Fi (WLAN, Wireless Local Area Network) Radio links Amateur radio stations Radar …
5 Main RF electromagnetic field sourcesRadio-Televisivion broadcasting stations Radio and televion antenna emitting power usually ranges from few hundred watts to a few kW Radio stations are installed above buildings in residential areas. In the Venice Province there are no television plants.
6 Italian environmental E. M. field control system Law nItalian environmental E.M. field control system Law n. 36/2001 – Decree n. 259/ Decree 08/07/03 Legal limits for general public Licence granting system Control and monitoring of environmental E.M. Field Sanctions and procedures for reduction to conformity
7 Legal Limit Values for general public* Decree 08/07/03ATTENTION VALUES / QUALITY OBJECTIVES EXPOSURE LIMITS 0.016 Magnetic Field [A/m] 0.10 6 4 0.1 40 3 GHz – 300 GHz 1 0.05 20 3 MHz – 3 GHz / 0.2 60 100 KHz -3 MHz Power density [W/m2] Electric Field [V/m] Magnetic Field [A/m] Electric Field [V/m] Frequency * Derived from the GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING EXPOSURE TO TIME-VARYING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS (UP TO 300 GHz) International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection*†
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9 Legal Limit Values for general publicExposure limits cannot be exceeded in any exposure situation, in order to prevent general public from acute effects Attention values cannot be exceeded in sites where population is supposed to spend a long period of the day, in order to prevent from possible long term effects A quality objective is defined in order to progressively minimize population exposure
10 Measures of RF electromagnetic fieldIn order to evaluate human exposure and to assess compliance with legal limits, two kinds of measumrents are employed: Broadband Narrowband – spectral analysis
11 Measurement procedure – broadbandTime averages over six minutes are taken To evaluate human exposure, the field intensity is measured at three heights above the floor (1.1, 1.5 and 1.9 meters) and the square average of the three results is calculated For low fequency sources, the probe is oriented along the propagation direction of the field as to prevent spurious signals due to direct coupling of conductive elements of the measuring instrumentation, other than the probe, with the e.m. field When appropriate, a calibration factor is applied, derived from calibration certificate Uncertainty is evaluated in the range 20 – 30 % (with 95% probabilty level) If the value of the field overcomes 75% of legal limit, narrow band measures are due
12 Narrow band measurementsThe measuring chain is composed by spectrum analyzer, cable and specific antennas for electric and magnetic field Antennas are not isothropical but dipole-like, so to evalutate field intensity at one point it’s required to carry out measures with antenna oriented along three orthogonal directions and to calculate the total field level. Measurement is carried out at three heights above the floor Single spectral components are quantified (carrier frequencies) When appropriate a correction factor to estimate the field intensity in the hypothesis of maximum emission is applied Spectrum analyzer must be placed in areas where electric field is less than 10 Vm-1 to prevent interference (a screened car is provided)
13 Narrow band measurementsBiconical antenna AP 2000 is suitable from 80 MHz up to 3 GHz Loop antenna FP030H for magnetic field is suitable from 100kHz to 120 MHz (magnetic field is measured only when the measuring area lies in the near field zone - for AM or FM sources) Equipment allows semi-automatic management of measuring session Antenna factor data are stored in PC memory and specific software allows automatic real-time calculation of electric/magnetic field values in Vm-1 / Am-1
14 Quality assurance Broadband probes, antennas, cables and spectrum analyzers are sent every 2 years for calibration test to laboratories approved by Italian national calibration Service SIT, which is one of the signatories to the Mutual Recognition Agreement EA-MLA and ILAC-MRA. Periodical internal controls are carried out, with reference sources and/or by comparing two or more instruments, put in the same environment Periodical interlaboratory tests are organized at regional or national level
15 FM radio stations spectrum
16 In case the measured field value exceeds the limitsAction aimed to the reduction of levels is needed, therefore: Both broad band and narrow band measurements are carried out in order to attribute the single contribution to overall field Measurements are carried out with presence of the various operators Decree 08/07/03 gives the algorithms to calculate the amount of emitting power reduction of the single antennas in order to obtain an overall electric field value lower than the limit
17 ANNEX C – REDUCTION TO CONFORMITY La riduzione dei contributi dei campi elettromagnetici generati da diverse sorgenti, che concorrono in un dato punto al superamento dei limiti di esposizione di cui all'art. 3, comma 1 e dei valori di attenzione di cui all'art. 3, comma 2, deve essere eseguito nel modo seguente: indicando con Ei il campo elettrico della sorgente i-esima, con Li il corrispondente limite desunto dalle tabelle dell'allegato B, con Di la densità di potenza della sorgente e DLi il corrispondente limite desunto dalle tabelle dell'allegato B, si calcolano i contributi normalizzati che le varie sorgenti producono nel punto in considerazione nel modo seguente: Ei2 Di (1) Ci = ----- oppure, per frequenze f > 3 MHz, Ci = Li2 DLi Se la somma (2) C = åCi i supera il valore 1 i limiti di esposizione non sono soddisfatti ed uno o più dei vari segnali Ei vanno pertanto ridotti. In via preliminare si individuano con Rj quei contributi Cj che singolarmente superano il valore 1. A ciascuno dei corrispondenti segnali Ej deve essere applicato un coefficiente di riduzione bj che soddisfa la relazione bj2Rj = 0,8 da cui supera il valore 1, i vari segnali Ei devono essere ridotti in modo che risulti C < 0,8 ai fini di una maggior tutela della popolazione. Dall'insieme dei contributi da normalizzare devono essere esclusi i segnali che danno un contributo inferiore a 1/100 indicati convenzionalmente con l'espressione:
18 Monitoring – long period measurementsAims: survey, public information Equipment allows data storing and data sending to a control station 2 weeks to 1 month campaigns in case of RF sources emitting with time-varying powers (BS for mobile phones) Surveillance of sites of particular interest for long periods of time in their actual service
19 to measure electric fieldsMonitoring Stations Venice ARPAV Department uses three different types of monitoring stations to measure electric fields EIT EE4070 PMM 8055 EIT MCE410
20 Electric field monitoring network daily poll to download dataWeb Data Publishing ARPAV Central Server Local server data validation control center Multimedial kiosk publishing data export daily poll to download data monitoring station monitoring station monitoring station monitoring station monitoring station
21 site map mean value maximum value electric field trend Photo of the site Monitoring period
22 2006 Monitoring campaigns in Venice municipality
23 (Venice Municipality 2006)Percentage distribution of the electric field mean value in the whole monitoring period (Venice Municipality 2006)
24 Multiple antenna site with BS and FM Radio stations in Mestre (mainland of Venice)
25 Monitoring shows the exceeding of the 6 V/m limit value
26 Multiple antenna sitesMonitoring site
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28 Annual report on Electromagnetic fields in the Municipality of VeniceMapping of the electric field Monitoring campaigns
29 ARPAV publications
30 ARPAV publication introducing e.m. fileds to children
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32 Non-ionizing radiationsExtremely Low Frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) Radiofrequency(RF) Microwaves (MO) Infrared (IR) Visible light Non – ionizing radiation
33 Base Stations (BS) Horizontal section of the Electric Field Vertical section of the Electric Field
34 Radio-Televisivion broadcasting systemsHorizontal section of the Electric Field Vertical section of the Electric Field