1 Bellringer: 9/21 and 9/22 Pick up the papers on the desk by the door. Update your ToC: Page 15: Vocab Quiz – Ren. And Ref. Page 16: Notes – the Reformation Begins Page 17: Reformation Map Log into Kahoot.it and use this PIN number to join the vocab review game: 84871
2 Agenda: 9-21 and 9-22 1. Bellringer 2. Vocab Review3. Vocab Quiz: Renaissance and Reformation 4. Notes: The Reformation Begins and Spreads 5. Reformation Map Activity 6. Reading Assessment (time- permitting)
3 NOTES: The Causes of and the Beginning of the Reformation WHIINOTES: The Causes of and the Beginning of the Reformation WHII.3a, 3b, 3c
4 The Roman Catholic church had little competition in religious thought and action. Then… People questioned corrupt practices and called for change… Then… The Protestant Reformation began… Catholic Church 1500c.
5 What does Protestant Reformation mean?Derived from “protest”??? A protest is an expression of objection, by words or by actions, to particular events, policies or situations. Protests can take many different forms Individual statements Mass demonstrations. A way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion
6 What does Protestant Reformation mean?To “Reform”??? Reform means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc Reformations = would be a challenge to the established Christian church in Western Europe.
7 Why Now? 1. Renaissance Led to people reading classical works from before Christ was born Mostly Ancient Greek and Roman works
8 Why Now? 2. Rise of HumanismBelief that humans could control their own destiny Becoming educated could change your success
9 Why Now? 3. Power hungry kings challenged the Pope’s authorityKing Philip IV (France) kidnapped Pope Boniface and told clergy to ignore the payment of taxes
10 Why Now? 4. Movement of the Pope The Great SchismThe Pope moved to France and years later a second Pope began ruling in Rome Both claimed to be the supreme spiritual authority The Catholic Church was split on who to follow The Great Schism
11 Why Now? 5. Not a new idea Old reformers: John Wycliffe + Jan Huss Reformation happens in the 16th century, but the foundations for the Reformation have been laid for some time already
12 Problems with the catholic churchSo what was the Reformation all about? Problems with the catholic church
13 Video about issues leading to reformationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi5qR7tflG0
14 1. Abuses in the Church (taking money, too much power, dishonest popes, etc.)Clergy = poorly trained and often illiterate Higher ranking clergy were more interested in materialism (lifestyle) Popes needed lots of money to pay for lifestyle, wars, and beautiful cathedrals Often clergy bought their positions-simony
15 2. Merchants and the Church (merchants hate the Catholic Church)Trade merchants needed to borrow money to pay for ships and trading goods Merchants resented the fact that they could only borrow money from the Church at a high interest rate (usury) Some set up banks to lend money - Medici's
16 3. Italian Domination of ChurchItalians filled many high positions in the Catholic Church-bishops, archbishops, popes Most money went to high clergy positions or to Rome (Italians) German princes and English royalty disliked Italian domination of the Church
17 4. Church’s Political Power (owns lots of land, pay no taxes)Catholic church owned HUGE amounts of land throughout Europe--probably more than 30% They paid no taxes on this land The pope ruled as a political leader-he ruled a large part of Italy-the Papal States.
18 5. Indulgences (pay your way out of hell)Catholics believe in Purgatory-a place between heaven and hell where a soul stays until the person has done penance for any sins Indulgences were sold by the Church as a penance for sins The pope needed money to build St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome He sent Johan Tetzel to Germany to sell indulgences
19 5. Indulgences To sell more indulgences, Tetzel claimed they could get a dead person’s soul out of Purgatory “The moment a coin in the coffer rings, a soul to heaven springs” Many were outraged by Tetzel’s selling technique, including Martin Luther
20 Martin Luther
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22 MARTIN LUTHER Monk who began to doubt his faithRealized that some of the Catholic beliefs were not stated in the Bible Wrote the 95 Theses = criticized the sale of indulgences
23 Beliefs of Martin Luther1. Salvation by faith: Faith in God gets people to heaven - not doing good works as the Catholic Church says.
24 Beliefs of Martin Luther2. The Bible is the ultimate authority for Christians, not the Pope
25 Beliefs of Martin Luther3. All humans are equal before God.
26 Intro to Luther video Safari Montagehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j89_BAh2Q3M
27 Important Events in Luther’s LifeLuther nails 95 Theses on Wittenberg church’s door. Sales of indulgences decline; Luther publishes hundreds of essays/pamplets advocating justification by faith.
28 Important Events in Luther’s LifeLuther’s ideas spread to princes in German city-states. Luther’s followers form 1st Protestant Christian group: LUTHERAN CHURCH.
29 The Diet of Worms He was called to meet with Catholic officials (Diet of Worms)
30 The Diet of Worms While at the meeting, he refuses to recant what he stated in pamphlets & 95 Theses He was found guilty of heresy (beliefs against the Catholic Church) and fled Luther went into hiding & translated New Testament into German.
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32 Bellringer: 9/23 and 9/26 1. Pick up the papers on the desk by the door. 2. Update your ToC: Page 18: Notes – Reformation Continues Page 19: Note Chart: Protestant Sects Page 20: Study Guide: Ren/Ref 3. Write down your HW: Finish your study guide Study for your Renaissance/Reformation quest (mini-test) NEXT CLASS (Tuesday for 3rd, Wednesday for 5th)
33 Agenda: 9/25/2015 1. Bellringer: Renaissance Reading + Qs2. Notes: The Reformation Continues/Ends 3. Group Work: Understanding Protestant Sects 4. Reformation Review Worksheet/Study Guide Work Time
34 NOTES: The Reformation Continues WHII.3a, 3b, 3c
35 And so the Protestant Reformation was in full force…..Martin Luther’s tombstone in the Castle Church in Wittenberg Photo by Paul T. McCain
36 So what next??? Luther refused to take back what he said:“I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience.”
37 Was Luther Alone? HECK NO!!!!Besides Wycliffe and Hus who came before Luther, many followed
38 Ulrich Zwingli Swiss Pastor and HumanistService held in undecorated buildings and based on the Bible Believed priests were permitted to marry
39 John Calvin He was a Protestant FrenchmanMoved to Switzerland because they were more tolerant of Protestant faiths
40 Calvinist Beliefs PREDESTINATION:Definition-God has decided who will gain salvation Strong work ethic Disciplined Thrifty Honest Moral
41 Calvinism Evolved into other religions: Presbyterians (Scotland)Huguenots (France) Puritans and Pilgrims (England)
42 Germany What happened there?What’s going on around the continent???? Germany What happened there?
43 Luther’s Ideas Spread Princes converted to Protestantism Charles VAbout ½ of the Holy Roman Empire’s Princes became Lutheran Charles V Controlled so much land he was virtually absent which allowed the Protestant Reformation to spread so quickly (Holy Roman Emperor) declares war on the princes Hopes to force princes to rejoin the Catholic Church Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).
44 Crash Course start at 7:09 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRYzW3BSj0I
45 Luther’s Ideas Spread Peace of Augsburg (1555)Charles agrees to let each prince decide the religion of their own territory Charles V dies, Ferdinand II becomes King and Protestant nobles revolt against the Catholic Hapsburg ruler Germany was left in economic ruin, with the land devastated, commerce wrecked, and thousands of people slaughtered
46 So what do they decide? Northern Germany Southern Germany LutheranCatholic
47 France What happened there?What’s going on around the continent???? France What happened there?
48 France Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked). Protestant Huguenots = French Calvinists Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict.
49 Huguenots Clips https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOOOym_4t78
50 England What happened there?Jump on a boat and head across the channel to…. England What happened there?
51 History of the Anglican ChurchHenry VIII was the King of England His wife (Catherine of Aragon) had one daughter. Henry VIII wanted a son. Catherine never had a son, so Henry wanted a divorce because he thought his marriage was cursed.
52 Henry VIII Henry asked the Pope for an annulmentThe Pope denied his request He had Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy which made him the head of the Church of England/Anglican Church The Church of England kept most of the same rituals as the Catholic church He seized the lands from the Catholic Church in England He finally had a son and heir with his 3rd wife
53 King Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was weddedKing Henry the Eighth, to six wives he was wedded. One died, one survived, two divorced, two beheaded. Catherine of Aragon (annulled; dies while detained) Anne Boleyn (executed) Jane Seymour (died days after giving birth) Catherine Parr (survived) Catherine Howard (executed) Anne of Cleves (annulled)
54 https://www. youtube. com/watch. v=3EGzHsye71c OR https://www. youtube
55 In between… Henry VIII dies 9 year old Edward VI becomes kingDies in his teens Mary Tudor (daughter of Henry & Catherine) becomes Queen Brings back Catholicism 100’s of Protestants burned at the stake Dies in 1558 Elizabeth becomes Queen
56 Elizabeth I Daughter of Henry VIII & Anne BoleynLearned from her fathers mistakes (she never married) Accomplishments Trade and discovery and strength defeat the Spanish Armada (1588) Expansion and Colonialism Increased religious tolerance
57 Elizabeth I video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDg9AoJYxeY
58 So the Catholics just sit there and watch all this happen.NOT…… The COUNTER REFORMATION happens instead. The Counter Reformation was the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation and its critiques of the Catholic faith.
59 The Counter ReformationThe Council of Trent (1545) reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices Educated clergy and ousted corrupt clergy The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine Church court – to try heretics Index of Forbidden Books
60 Widespread PersecutionWitch Hunts 10,000+ died Usually women Persecution of Jews By both Catholics and Protestants
61 Changing Cultural Values, Traditions, and PhilosophiesGrowth of Individualism Growth of Religious Tolerance (eventually) Growth of Secularism
62 Wrap up video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE
63 After the notes… 1. Use the reading provided and fill in the Different Protestant Sects chart. There is a question on your test that deals with this information, so you NEED to complete it. 2. When you are done with the chart, show it to Ms. Allen or Mrs. Borg to pick up your study guide for the quest next class. #16 – “What” not “Where”