1 Carolingian RenaissanceAlcuin of York (c ), influential scholar at court, credited with dividing Seven Liberal Arts into quadrivium and trivium 789 Charlemagne issues order requiring schools to be established, instructs abbot of Fulda to promote learning

2 Carolingian RenaissanceRabanus Maurus Louis the Pious (r ) Walafrid Strabo: Glossa Ordinaria

3 Carolingian RenaissanceJohn Scotus Eriugena (c ): Neoplatonism and Christianity Charlemagne: Iconoclasm Gottschalk of Orbais (c ): Predestination

4 Carolingian RenaissanceCorbie St Martin at Tours: scriptorium “On scribes, that they should not write corruptly”

5 Carolingian Society Aristocracy (secular and ecclesiastical) Townsfolk Peasants

6 Carolingian Society Aristocracy: Land as basis of wealth: private land vs. church land Duties Women, children, education

7 Carolingian Society Townsfolk: Various types of townsfolk Roles of towns Trade: state control, role of Jewish diaspora

8 Carolingian Society Peasants: Continued precarious existence Agriculture (carruca) Relations with lords Sources of solace

9 Walafrid Strabo (“squint-eyed,” 809-49)Swabian, poor origins. Educated at Reichenau and Fulda (under Rabanus Maurus) 829 Becomes tutor to prince Charles (the Bald) 838 Becomes abbot of Reichenau Various works, incl. Glossa Ordinaria, Liber de Cultura Hortorum

10 Ekkehard (IV) of St Gall (c. 980-1060)Educated at monastery of St Gall Spent time as teacher in cathedral school at Mainz (c ), then returned to St Gall Continuator of Casus St Galli, annalistic monastery chronicle