1 CELLULAR RESPIRATION

2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW  Write the photosynthesis equation  6H2O + 6CO2 + RE ---------> C6H12O6 + 6O2  Underline and label the reactants and products  Reactants (things mixing together)  Products (things being produced)  Draw a circle around the products

3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW CONTINUED  Look in your notes for the cell that we drew and labeled.  You labeled 6 organelles  We have covered 1-4 before and we just finished organelle number 5 (chloroplast)  What is organelle number 6?  The product of photosynthesis will be sent to #6. What is it going to produce with these products?

4 QUESTION  Based on the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration, What is the relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration?  Cellular Respiration used the Glucose that is produced in photosynthesis  Photosynthesis needs the ATP that is produced in Cellular Respiration.

5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION  Information you need to know before we discuss the processes.

6 CELLULAR RESPIRATION OVERVIEW  Cellular Respiration takes glucose and oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy (ATP)

7 WHAT IS CELLULAR RESPIRATION?  Process where organisms take the food they eat and break it down into chemical energy (ATP).  Remember the food you eat is not a usable form of energy!

8 WHAT TYPES OF ORGANISMS UNDERGO CELLULAR RESPIRATION? Heterotrophs Autotrophs AND Undergo cellular respiration.

9 WHAT TYPE OF MOLECULES ARE BROKEN DOWN?  In heterotrophs: Macromolecules that you eat  Such as Carbohydrates, fats/lipids, and proteins  In Autotrophs the products of photosynthesis are used.

10 WHAT IS ATP?  A form of chemical energy  Adenosine TriPhosphate- made of adenine bonded with a ribose and three phosphate groups  Used for ALL life processes  Organic molecule that contains high energy phosphate bonds

11 WHAT IS ATP USED FOR? AND HOW DO WE GET ENERGY FROM ATP?  Used for ALL life processes  Used by the cells to maintain homeostasis  Used to create protein  Used by the muscles to move your body  Everything and anything that requires your body to move requires energy  We obtain energy by breaking the bond between the last two phosphates

12 Draw the mitochondria in your notebook.

13 WHERE DOES CELLULAR RESPIRATION OCCUR?  Takes place in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic cells.

14 MITOCHONDRIA  Mitochondria has  a double membrane  Have their own DNA called Mitochondrial DNA or mDNA  Have a smooth outer membrane  Inner- membrane made of folds that increase the surface area - Cristae  Center called the matrix

15 CELLULAR RESPIRATION  Side note: We will talk about glucose because that is the product of photosynthesis but Cell respiration can use all types of biomolecules to take place.  If you run out of carbohydrates what will your body use to create energy?  Fats/Lipids – store a high amount of energy that takes your body longer to process.

16 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cellular respiration breaks down into these major steps. 1. Glycolysis (anaerobic) – an means not 2. Krebs Cycle (aerobic) 3. Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)

17  http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/celres.html

18 GLYCOLYSIS  Anaerobic step that doesn’t require oxygen  Takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell (outside of the mitochondria)  Produces 4 ATP molecules, but uses 2 ATP molecules to complete the steps  Net (total) molecules produced 2 ATP

19 GLYCOLYSIS STEPS  How does it happen?  In the cytoplasm 1 glucose molecule is broken down by ATP. It forms to 2 pyruvic acids (pyruvate)  4 ATP molecules are produced BUT it took 2 ATP molecules to split glucose so only 2 ATP molecules are left.  2 Net (total ATP) molecules produced  2 Pyruvate molecules and 2 ATP are transferred to the mitochondria.  The mitochondria will convert pyruvate into Acetyl CoA

20 KREBS CYCLE OR ACIDIC CYCLE  Aerobic – requires oxygen  Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria  Produces- CO2, and H2O as waste products and 4 ATP molecules and a lot of NADH

21 KREBS CYCLE OR ACIDIC CYCLE  How does it Happen?  Oxygen strips all of the Hydrogens from Acetyl CoA. It uses the electrons of the broken bonds to make new ATP.  Once all the H are striped the only thing left is CO2 and H2O (Waste Product)  Produces 4 ATP but a lot of NADH

22 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (THE BIG PAYOFF)  Aerobic – requires oxygen  Takes place in the Cristae of the mitochondria (folded membrane)  Produces-32 ATP for every glucose

23 KREBS CYCLE OR ACIDIC CYCLE  How does it Happen?  Electrons from Hydrogen are carried by NADH and passed to the ETC to result in the production of ATP  Hydrogens are used to turn oxygen (O2) into water (H2O) as the H is transferred it releases a lot of energy which creates ATP

24 SUMMARY  You will work with a group to discuss cellular respiration. Once you have discussed this and every one in the group understands the process you will write a step by step process.  Step 1 Glucose and oxygen leave the chloroplast  Step 2 While in the cytoplasm glucose breaks in half to form pyruvate and 2 ATP molecules are formed.  Step 3 pyruvate and oxygen enter the mitochondria’s matrix  Step 4 In Krebs cycle the matrix pyruvate is stripped of the hydrogens 1 by 1 until no H are left.  Step 5this makes 4 ATP molecules and lots of NADH  CO2 and H2O are released as waste (Exhale)  Step 6 in ETC all the H are taken from NADH and are used to create 32 ATP molecules.  O2 turned into H20 - released as waste

25 QUESTIONS  How many TOTAL ATP molecules did you make?  How many glucose molecules did it take to make 38 ATP molecules?  How do plants obtain the glucose needed for cellular respiration?  How do heterotrophs obtain the glucose (sugar) needed for cellular respiration?  Which macromolecule do heterotrophs ingest and digest and use it to break down into sugar?  When the body runs out of carbohydrates what macromolecule will it use next?  Think about what you want to get rid of when you go on a diet  Once all the fat storage/ deposits have been used from your body, Which macromolecule will your body use as a last resort?  Think Holocaust, why could you see their bones?

26 LACTATE FORMATION  If there is no oxygen in the cells or not enough cellular respiration will not go through the krebs cycle nor ETC  Fermentation would take place – anaerobic repiration  Glycolysis takes place and only 2 ATP are formed, this is enough energy for the body to finish the task but it results in the production of lactic acid (When you “feel the burn”)  This acid causes pain and burning in your musclesc

27 CARBON CYCLE PROJECT  We tend to associate the term respiration with breathing and the lungs, but today we also talked about cellular respiration. What's the connection?  Define Respiration in terms of your respiratory system (lungs)  Define Respiration in terms of cells (what happens in your mitochondria?)  What similarities and differences do they have?  In your notebook you will create a drawing, comic strip, children's book, or flip book to illustrate carbon cycle. (You may come up with other idea but it must be approved. Hand drawn images only, I can provide white paper if needed.  Must include Plants and animals (can be humans) ………………………………20 pts  Must show how CO2 is converted into O2 (Photosynthesis) then back into CO2 (Cellular Respiration) in the body …………..40 pts  *Must tell where each process happens* included in the 40 pts  At least one full page must be completed ………………………………….........10 pts  Must have color ………………………………………….………………………10 pts  Must have the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration ………..….20 pts