1 Ch24 “Nothing to Fear but Fear Itself”FDR PBS Story
2 Franklin Delano RooseveltDistant cousin of Theodore Roosevelt Upper class, enjoyed sports and politics Aug – FDR was stricken with polio while on vacation with family in Canada Never to walk on his own again 1928 – Elected Governor of NY 1930- Reelected by largest margin in NY history 1932 – Chosen as Democratic nominee for Pres.
3 FDR took office March 4, 1933 He was very optimistic about the future of the U.S. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” “New Deal” – FDR’s vow to make things better FDR vowed to experiment and to try different things until we find something that works
4 “The Brain Trust” All of the people who helped shape FDR’s “New Deal”FDR’s cabinet had many different personalities Frances Perkins – First female cabinet member (Sec. of Labor)
5 Radio For the first time, the nation was listening to the radioFDR would captivate the people with his voice “Fireside Chats” – FDR’s radio broadcasts
6 Keynesian Economics English economist John Maynard KeynesInstead of cutting back on spending, the federal government should do the opposite. The government should lower taxes, spend money, and purposely run up large deficits. Public spending would put people back to work and get money into circulation This would promote private spending and prosperity would return
7 Amendments 20th Amendment- Changed the day for the gathering of Congress to January 3rd and the swearing in of the President to January 20th. 21st Amendment – Repealed the 18th Amendment (Prohibition)
8 Conserving the land and peopleCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Provided work 250,000 unemployed young men between the ages of 18-25 Help conserve the nation’s natural resources in the national parks and forests Planted trees, stocked fish, built wilderness trails The CCC also restored historic sites such as Revolutionary and Civil war battle sites
9 Help for Housing Home Owners Loan Corporation – June 1933Issued $2 billion in bonds to refinance mortgages National Housing Act – 1934 Established the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) for repair and to finance mortgages for new homes
10 Work Relief Public Works Administration (PWA)Set up by Congress with $3 billion to build roads, new government buildings, and other public projects Built sewers, schools, post offices, hospitals, and housing projects Federal Emergency Relief Act – 1933 Provided $500 million for aid to the unemployed Direct Relief
11 Works Progress Administration (WPA)Provided work for the able-bodied unemployed Headed by Harry Hopkins Enlisted as many people as possible in building roads, bridges, public buildings, and other public works Ended in 1943 – Spent $11 billion and employed 8.5 million people
12 National youth Administration (NYA)Branch of the WPA Offered work to young people between the ages of 16-25
13 Midterm Elections 1934 NOT A PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION YEAR!!By the Fall of 1934 – 2 million people were put back to work and national income rose 25% Democrats won ¾ of the House and more than a 2/3 majority in the Senate
14 Thunder from the Right and LeftConservatives called most of the New Deal “Socialism” Opponents of the New Deal formed the American Liberty League to fight FDR and the New Deal Democrats on the far left also opposed the New Deal
15 Father Charles E. CoughlinSen. Huey Long (LA) “Share the Wealth” Program – There would be no more enormous fortunes and every family would have a guaranteed income Every man would be a king Long became known as the “King Fish” Father Charles E. Coughlin “The Radio Priest” Spread hate instead of love Supported the New Deal at first, but when FDR did not follow Coughlin’s plan, he spoke out against the Pres.
16 Schechter v. United States – May 1935Declared the National Recovery Administration (NRA) unconstitutional Struck down laws passed to prevent foreclosures on farm mortgages and to provide pensions for railroad workers
17 Second New Deal Congress was ready to go home for break, but FDR kept them in Washington for another 100 days FDR insisted they pass a law giving income to the elderly and for laid-off workers
18 Social Security The U.S. was far behind other industrial nations in protecting citizens against unemployment and old age FDR had a new idea of social insurance (3 parts)
19 Social Security (continued)1. Working people will pay a small amount of money each month Employers pay same amount to a national Social Security fund When workers became too old to work, they would get a monthly payment 2 . Public Assistance Welfare, disability, dependent, blind
20 Social Security (continued)3 . Unemployment Insurance Gave income to laid-off workers for a number of weeks while they hunt for a job Money came from a payroll tax by employers of 8 or more Social Security meant people would not have to fear starving Since people paid in, they would not feel like charity cases
21 Election of 1936 Democrat – FDRRepublican – Alf Landon (Gov. of Kansas) Winner - FDR