1 Chapter 2 Input and Output DevicesPart 3 Maran Illustrated Computers CIS 102

2 Contents What type of printer is best for youContents What type of printer is best for you? What is a Bluetooth wireless device and why would you want one? This chapter will answer these questions and more. Scanner Sound Card Speakers Headphones Web Camera Gaming Devices Bluetooth Wireless Devices Mouse Keyboard Printer Monitor Video Card Modem

3 Sound Card Sound cards:allows computer to play, record, & process sounds basic sound capabilities often built into mother board Sound card applications: Plays sounds plays music from cd’s allows hear speech, sound effects when playing games or viewing movies Records allows you to record from cd’s, microphone can record sounds that can be added to documents, presentations, and home movies processes sound allows connections of musical instruments electronic keyboard s/w to record voice voice recognition/automation VoIP 3

4 Audio Input and Output A sound card is an expansion card that records sound, saves it in a file on your hard drive, and plays it back A computer’s CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive is attached to the sound card internally A sound card can be an expansion card or embedded on a motherboard Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 4 4

5 Internal Sound cards Internal sound card also called audio cardimproved quality of sound Plugs into expansion slots most use PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slots A typical sound card includes a sound chip, usually featuring a digital-to-analog converter, that converts recorded or generated digital data into an analog format. 5

6 Sound Card Connectionssound card have several connections called jacks or ports Plug in sound devices (sound out) 6

7 Sampling and Digitizing the SoundThe analog-to-digital converter digitizes the analog sound flowing to sound cards Several factors in the sampling process affect the quality of the sound during playback: Sampling rate Audio resolution Mono or stereo recording Sound card contains: sound chip - A sound chip is an integrated circuit (i.e. "chip") designed to produce sound Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 7 7

8 Microphone In Allows speech inAnother common external connector is the microphone connector, for use by a microphone or other low level input device. Input through a microphone jack is often used by speech recognition software or for Voice over IP applications. 8

9 Line In or Digital In allows connection external sound source: VCR DVDTape deck game console provides superior sound quality 9

10 Firewire and USB connectionDigital camera or camcorder connect via Firewire or USB connection/port 10

11 Line Out or Digital Out Allows you to connect external speakers to be attached Line out connects to: speakers headphones external receiver or amplifier home stereo system provides superior sound quality 11

12 Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia DevicesMP3 Players A popular audio compression method is MP3, a method that can reduce the size of a sound file to make it significantly smaller and easier to transfer to and from computers and audio devices, without much loss of quality An MP3 player is a device that plays MP3 files More commonly referred to as an MP3 player, a digital audio player or "DAP" a portable, handheld digital music player that stores, organizes and plays MP3 and often other audio files. Most DAPs are powered by rechargeable batteries, some of which are not user replaceable should they wear out. Listening to music stored on DAPs is typically done through earphones, but external speakers and docking stations are also available. Flash-based Players - These are non mechanical solid state devices that hold digital audio files on internal flash memory or removable flash media called memory cards. Hard drive-based Players or Digital Jukeboxes - Devices that read digital audio files from a hard disk drive (HDD). MP3 CD Players - Portable CD players that can decode and play MP3 audio files stored on CDs. Chapter 6: Supporting Input, Output, and Multimedia Devices 12 12

13 MP3 Cycle 13 13

14 Sound Card Types of Sound cards: Internal sound cardsExternal sound device 14

15 Internal sound card enhances quality of sound generated by computercircuit board plugs into PCI slot 15

16 External sound card usually connects via USB connectiontakes up desk space easier to set up portable generally higher quality sound than internal cards generally more expensive 16

17 Surround Sound sound card that allows multiple speaker attachmentgreat when watching movies or playing games types Dolby digital (developed by Dolby Laboratories) Dolby Laboratories, Inc. (Dolby Labs) (NYSE: DLB) is a USA-based company specializing in audio compression and reproduction. Dolby Digital, or AC-3, is the common version containing up to six discrete channels of sound, with five channels for normal-range speakers (20 Hz – 20,000 Hz) (Right front, Center, Left Front, Right Rear and Left Rear) and one channel (20 Hz – 120 Hz) for the subwoofer driven low frequency effects. mono and stereo modes are supported, as well. AC-3 supports audio sample-rates up to 48KHz. Batman Returns was the first film to use the Dolby Digital technology when it premiered in theaters in Summer The Laserdisc version of Clear and Present Danger featured the very first Home Theater Dolby Digital mix in 1995. DTS (also known as Digital Theater Systems) owned by DTS, Inc. is a multi-channel digital surround sound format used for both commercial/theatrical and consumer grade applications. used for in-movie sound both on film and on DVD, and during the last few years of the format's existence, several Laserdisc releases had DTS soundtracks. 5.1 connects 5 speakers .1 means 1 subwoofer 6.1 6 speakers and 1 subwoofer etc 17

18 Sound Quality Sound Quality: Number of bitsSignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) sampling rate Some cards: sound blaster API support 18

19 Sound Quality Number of bits number of sounds the sound card supporthigher the number of bits/higher quality 16-bit 65,536 sound levels 24-bit refers to 16.7 million sound levels most high-end cards are 24-bit Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) is an electrical engineering concept defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal. compares sound played (signal)to unwanted noise (humming, hissing, & crackling noises) measured in decibels (dB) higher SNR more signal than less noise = better quality high-end cards SNR 100 dB or more Sampling Rate the sampling rate, sample rate, or sampling frequency defines the number of samples per second (or per other unit) taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal. For time-domain signals, it can be measured in kilohertz (kHz)The inverse of the sampling frequency is the sampling period or sampling interval, which is the time between samples. how often sound samples taken to create digital sound higher sampling rate more realistic sound 19

20 Sound Blaster Industry standard for sound cardsmost sound cards and s/w applications marked sound blaster compatible should buy sound blaster compatible The creator of Sound Blaster is the Singapore-based firm Creative Technology, also known by the name of its United States subsidiary, Creative Labs. 20

21 API Support API (Application Programming Interfaces) are special functions a game or program uses to communicate with sound card If game/program uses APIs the card must support it Popular APIs include: DirectSound is a software component of the DirectX library, supplied by Microsoft, that resides on a computer with the Windows operating system. It provides a direct interface between applications and the sound card drivers on Windows XP and earlier operating systems, enabling applications to produce sounds and music. Besides EAX MacroFX 21

22 Speakers Speakers used to heard the sound generated by computer 22

23 Speakers higher quality speakers can make a difference for games, music, movies higher quality speakers play sound clearer at higher volumes select shielded speakers to prevent magnets inside from distorting monitor 23

24 Speaker System between 2 – 7 speakers or channelsspeaker can contain multiple speakers speaker system includes subwoofer (.1) provides low sounds subwoofer placed on floor and away to prevent objects vibrating individual speakers in system other than subwoofer called satellite speaker Go over chart on page 68 24

25 Speakers Speaker include topics: active & passive speaker power outputsignal-to-noise ration (SNR) Frequency Response 25

26 Active and Passive Speakersneed amplifier to boost volume generated by computer Passive do not build in amplifier, require external amplifier (called receiver) boost volume The vast majority of speakers are passive. A passive speaker doesn't have a built-in amplifier; it needs to be connected to your amplifier through normal speaker wire. This speaker level signal has been amplified enough to drive the speakers sufficiently. Active speaker have built-in amplifier (designed to work with speaker) Active speakers, on the other hand, have a built-in amplifier and are fed by a low-level (line-level) signal passed along an interconnect cable originating at your preamplifier or controller. Because the amplifier is an active electronic device, it needs power, and so you have to put any active speakers near a power outlet. 26

27 Power Output Manufacturer indicate: maximum power output per speakertotal power output for entire system in Watts (W) higher power output, higher the volume speaker produce 27

28 Signal-To-Noise Ratiocompares sound played (known as signal) to unwanted noise unwanted noise = noise you hear when no sound playing humming hissing crackling measure in decibels (dB) higher SNR = higher more signal(sound) and less noise better quality higher quality speaker SNR 90dB or more 28

29 Frequency Response measured in hertz (Hz)refers to range of low to high sounds speaker produces human ear rang 20 Hz to 20 kHz higher quality speaker reproduce sound more accurately in given range frequencies than lower speakers 29

30 Headphones allows private listeningcan listen to computer generated sound, portable devices (MP3 player or cell phone) 30

31 Headphones higher quality headphones makes sounds more realisticplay more clearly when volume turned up sit over ears or tightly around ear band between earphones may rest on top of head or behind neck ideal for high quality music privately 31

32 Headsets headphones with microphone attachedideal when you want to listen and talk at the same time cell phones – hands-free talking & listening chatting on phone while doing other tasks good for speech recognition s/w 32

33 Earbuds small, lightweight headphones used when exercisingused to listen while doing other things good for portable devices (iPod, MP3 player, CD player) lower quality sound than headphones or headsets often packaged with MP3 players 33

34 Headphone Features Headphone features: Type of Connectionsround connector or USB connector plugs into jack/port on computer or portable device when purchasing headphones check the appropriate connector for device can buy Bluetooth or wireless headphones provides greater freedom Bluetooth headphones with Bluetooth enabled device (computer, cell phone, or portable device) Noise Cancellation Frequency Response 34

35 Noise Cancellation High quality headphones remove outside noisebetter listening especially good in noisy location (airport, gym, public environment) 35

36 Frequency Response measured in hertz (Hz)refers to sound range low to high sounds that headset produce human hearing is 20 Hz to 20 kHz high quality have full human hearing range lower quality have smaller range 36

37 Web Camera Web Camera: called webcams attach with cableWeb Camera applications Videoconferencing works with video Speed and resolution 37

38 A Web camera is a device that allows you to record video that you can save on your computer or share over the internet Web Camera: allows you to record video that you can save to computer or share over Internet called webcams attach with cable Convenient with video conferencing distant communication desert storm relatives children with remote family WebCams to demo 38

39 Videoconferencing allows face-to-face conversations with people over Internet or networks sound card, speakers, and microphone used in conjunction with camcorder 39

40 Work with Video send live video play live video on web page 40

41 Speed and Resolution Speed and Resolution determine quality and size of images the video camera produces faster speeds reduce choppiness in video higher resolution produces larger and more detailed video (may reduce speed) Web cams commonly transfer speed up to 30 frames/sec and resolution up to 640 X 480 pixels 41

42 Web Cam Features Web Camera Features S/W Wireless Web CameraMotion Sensing Capabilities Digital Camera Capabilities 42

43 Software Web Camera usually comes w/ software to set up and use cameraUse S/w to adjust camera setting, like brightness & contrast S/W advanced features like video editing 43

44 Motion Sensing CapabilitiesSome have motion sensing capabilities Allows cameras to begin transfer or recording when detect motion Used in security camera/ surveillance Face-tracking feature Enables camera to move & stay focused on face even with motion (change position/stand up etc) 44

45 Wireless Web Cameras Can transmit and record video wirelesslyUses a transmitter to transfer video to receiver on computer Range for transmission requires, some are 100 feet, need to check for one you purchase 45

46 Digital Camera CapabilitiesMost have digital capabilities Allows web camera to take digital photos Can attach and send pictures to /web other documents pages etc. 46

47 Other Output Devices What is force feedback?Sends resistance to joystick or wheel in response to actions of user

48 Gaming Devices Gaming DevicesAllows you to control movement and actions in game Aka game controllers Types of connection Game Pad 48

49 Gaming Devices Gaming DevicesAllows you to control movement and actions in game Aka game controllers Select type of controller by the type of game 49

50 Types of Connectors Most connect through USBAllows direct connect and play, as instant setup Wireless Greater freedom of movement when playing Greater distance from computer 50

51 Game Pad Hand-held controller to operate with both handsAllows directional control Buttons that can be programmed for game functions Buttons on game pad positioned for easy reach and manipulations with fingers For people who want to be more involved in gam Some have force feedback 51

52 Gaming Devices Gaming Devices (cont.) Joystick Racing Wheel 52

53 Joystick Controller that features levers and buttonsControls movement of objects in games Commonly used in flight simulation games etc Interesting features Throttle control Control over engine speed Ideal for flight simulator or other games like car racing etc Force feedback Realistic feel when playing ex. Shake when crash 8-way hat switch View different angles from one stand point Ex. 360° view in cockpit Includes buttons program to specific functions Includes trigger for fire arms 53

54 Racing Wheel Use for driving games Creates more realistic experienceOften includes gas and brake pedals Accelerating and stopping Gear shifter to change gears Turbo boost, also Buttons for program specific functions Force feedback – enhance game realism Side-swiped or crash wheel vibrates 54

55 Wii 7th Generation Game SystemThe Wii (pronounced as the English pronoun we, IPA: /wiː/) is the fifth home video game console released by Nintendo. The console is the direct successor to the Nintendo GameCube. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3,[3] but it competes with both as part of the seventh generation of video game systems. A distinguishing feature of the console is its wireless controller, the Wii Remote, which can be used as a handheld pointing device and can detect acceleration in three dimensions and rotation in three axes. Another is WiiConnect24, which enables it to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode.[4] First available November 19, 2006 (details) Media 12 cm Wii Optical Disc cm Nintendo GameCube Game Disc System storage 512 MB Internal flash memory Secure Digital card Nintendo GameCube Memory Card Controller input Wii Remote, Nintendo GameCube controller Connectivity Wi-Fi Bluetooth USB 2.0 x LAN Adapter (via USB) 55 55

56 Wii Name Code Name “Revolution” until April 27, 2006First home console marketed outside Japan without company name The two lower case I’s represent people standing side by side – players gathering together Emphasizes it is for ‘Everyone’ Name The console was known by the code name of "Revolution" until April 27, 2006, immediately prior to E3.[9] According to the Nintendo Style Guide, the name "is simply Wii, not Nintendo Wii." This means it is the first home console Nintendo has marketed outside of Japan without the company name featured in its trademark. While "Wiis" is a commonly used pluralization of the console, Nintendo has stated that the official plural form is "Wii systems" or "Wii consoles."[10] Nintendo's spelling of "Wii" with two lower-case "i" characters is meant to resemble two people standing side by side, representing players gathering together, as well as to represent the console's controllers.[11] The company has given many reasons for this choice of name since the announcement; however, the best known is: “ Wii sounds like 'we', which emphasizes that the console is for everyone. Wii can easily be remembered by people around the world, no matter what language they speak. No confusion. No need to abbreviate. Just Wii.[11] Web sites to go to : 56 56

57 Bluetooth Wireless DevicesAbout bluetooth devices Adding bluetooth on a computer Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs). Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones, laptops, personal computers, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles over a secure, globally unlicensed short-range radio frequency. The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group. 57

58 Bluetooth Wireless DevicesBluetooth wireless connects computer with devices w/o wires Named after Danish king in 1oth century Harald Bluetooth The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund, Sweden.[6] The specification is based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology. The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), organised by Mohd Syarifuddin. The SIG was formally announced on May 20, Today it has a membership over 7000 companies worldwide. It was established by Ericsson, Sony Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba, and Nokia, and later joined by many other companies. 58

59 About Bluetooth DevicesUse radio signals to transmit information Operate over distance up to 33 feet Can transmit through barriers (desk, walls, briefcase etc) Run on batteries (normal or rechargeable) Bluetooth is a standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device.[1] Bluetooth enables these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. The devices use a radio communications system, so they do not have to be in line of sight of each other, and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough. 59

60 Add Bluetooth to ComputerComputer and device MUST have Bluetooth support for wireless communication Add Bluetooth with external adapter or transceiver to computer USB port Some Bluetooth devices come with Bluetooth adapter (like mouse) 60

61 Common Bluetooth DevicesBluetooth wireless devices (cont.): Common bluetooth devices Non-bluetooth wireless devices – cheaper to purchase but more difficult to set up. Often require a separate adapter or transceiver for each devise. 61

62 Common Bluetooth DevicesMouse, Keyboard or headset Reduces clutter on desk Flexibility to work in more comfortable position Greater distance from computer Cell phone Wirelessly exchange information between cell phone & computer Traveling , can dial-up Internet Service Provider (ISP) – allow computer connection Printer Can print photos from Bluetooth cell phone Print documents from desktop computer PDA Wireless connections between Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) & computer Allows regularly update info like: messages, appointments calendar, contact info Can synchronizing PDA & computer easy 62

63 Non-Bluetooth Wireless DevicesWireless devices but not Bluetooth Wireless less expensive than Bluetooth May need separate adapter or transceiver for each device Adapter/transceiver may be difficult to configure 63