1 Chapter 7: New Laws, Issues and YouthTeam 5 Schuyler Harris Jackie Gomez Mike Camacho Marijuana Prevention Chapter 7: New Laws, Issues and Youth

2 Overview Laws Effects Prevention

3 Marijuana Laws Federal Laws on Marijuana California Laws on MarijuanaLaws for Medical USE

4 Marijuana Laws Federal Law PROHIBITS marijuana use, but in “1996, California and Arizona passed statewide initiatives to legalize the use of marijuana for medical proposes”. (Matza) Continues Controversy BETWEEN Federal and State 1995- NIDA’s first “National Conference on Marijuana Use: Prevention, Treatment, and Research” Marijuana USE study : By NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) 8th Graders: From 1% to 1.2% 10th graders: From 2.8% to 3.3% 12th graders: From 5.2% to 6.1%

5 November 8, 2016 Election Marijuana Laws Cont...PROP 64 November 8, 2016 Election MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION. INITIATIVE STATUTE. Legalizes marijuana under state law, for use by adults 21 or older. Imposes state taxes on sales and cultivation. Provides for industry licensing and establishes standards for marijuana products. Allows local regulation and taxation. Fiscal Impact: Additional tax revenues ranging from high hundreds of millions of dollars to over $1 billion annually, mostly dedicated to specific purposes. Reduced criminal justice costs of tens of millions of dollars annually. CON -Proposition 64 purposely omits DUI standard to keep marijuana–impaired drivers off our highways. Legalizes ads promoting smoking marijuana, Gummy candy and brownies on shows watched by millions of children and teens. Shows reckless disregard for child health and safety. Opposed by California Hospital Association. Vote "No".

6 Marijuana Laws Effects of Passing Proposition 64Growing concerns for Schools Young kids will grow up believing Marijuana is harmless and even good for you. Other States that passed the legalization of Marijuana

7 Effects of Marijuana Abuse Related to TeensPerceived risk, age of onset, lower than ever.

8 Effects of Marijuana abuse related to teens.Medical: Impacts the lungs and teeth. Prenatal Marijuana Exposure (PME). Psychological: Impacts cognitive development, Impulsivity, and lowers intelligence quotient. Physical: Unintended injuries, physical dating violence (PDV), and poor periodontal health.

9 Medical Issues Lungs Teeth Prenatal Marijuana ExposureSometimes people mix or smoke both Marijuana and Tobacco Lungs Teeth Prenatal Marijuana Exposure

10 Lungs Asthma Chronic Bronchitis/Cough WheezingOver-production of Phlegm Lungs

11 Teeth Attachment loss, which results in tooth loss.Vasoconstriction (Dry Mouth)--leads to salivary gland issues. Teeth

12 Prenatal Marijuana ExposureIncreased Risk of: Delinquent Behavior Aggressive Behavior Attention Problems Depressive Behavior

13 Cognitive DevelopmentPsychological Issues Cognitive Development Effects the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) -Impulsivity -Decision-Making Psychosis--people at risk for Psychosis are more likely to experience an early onset of the disorder. Lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Social Development Social Anxiety Coping Mechanism Depressive Symptoms and Behavior Procrastination and lower productivity

14 Prevention!

15 Physical Issues Unintended Injuries Physical Dating Violence-Young people more at risk -Young people among highest to use Marijuana -relation to aggressive behavior Poor periodontal health Unintended injuries because of lack of development of PFC PDV because more young people at risk and young people among highest of people to use marijuana Poor periodontal health can lead to tooth loss and salivary gland issues

16 Prevention Increased risk of abuse: Elementary to middle schoolMiddle school to high school Moving or changing schools Family problems Desire to try new things which is an aspect of youth development

17 Prevention Programs Universal Programs- address risk and protective factors common to all children in a given setting, such as a school or community Selective Programs- target groups of children and teens who have factors that put them at increased risk of drug use. Indicated Programs- are designed for youth who have already begun using drugs Tiered Programs- incorporate all 3 levels of intervention Use of marijuana goes down when perceptions of harm go up

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21 NIDA Prevention Enhance protective factors and reverse or reduce risk factors Address all forms of drug abuse Including underage use of legal & use of illegal drugs Address the type of drug abuse problem in the local community, target modifiable risk factors, and strengthen identified protective factors Tailored to address risks specific to population Enhance family bonding, include parenting skills; practice in developing, discussing, and enforcing family policies on substance abuse and training in drug ed. Designed to intervene as early as preschool 7) Elementary school prevention programs should address risk factors for drug abuse 8) Aimed at general populations during key transition points 9)Community prevention programs that combine 2 or more effective programs 10) Community programs reaching populations in multiple settings 11) Research-based programs can be cost effective. For every dollar invested save up to $10 in treatment. Pay Now or Pay Later

22 Everyday, Practical Ideas for PreventionTeacher's Programs Provide training about prevention Help teachers explore their own attitudes and beliefs on drug use Train teachers to recognize signs of trouble Develop referral skills Parental Approaches Provide information Teach and encourage prevention strategies Help develop skills for building strong family bonds Form parent support groups School-based strategies Regulatory and Legal Action Increase sales tax Support adherence to rules and laws and raise awareness of consequences of breaking laws Enforce legal age limit (age 21) Educate advocacy groups about how laws, ordinances, policies impact behavior Peer Group Support non using groups and clubs Create peer education programs and peer leadership programs Provide opportunities to observe non using role models Teach peer-resistance strategies Individual Approaches Provide factual info Address beliefs Meet social and psychological needs of young people Address early antisocial behavior Improve poor life skills Mass Media Approaches Eliminate humor and irresponsible commentary on drugs Involve local sports stars and celebrities in prevention efforts Ban advertisements promoting marijuana

23 Signs & Symptoms Behavioral Signs Memory problemsChronic lying about whereabouts Sudden disappearance of money or valuables Rapid mood changes Frequent outbursts Circumstantial Evidence Smell of marijuana on clothes, change in hygiene or attire Use of drug jargon Drug paraphernalia Drug terminology on school notebooks Change in friends Social Signs Driving while impaired Frequent truancy Under-achievement over past 6-12 months Dropping out of rigorous sport or other activities Legal problems Medical Symptoms Chronic fatigue and lethargy Chronic dry irritating cough Chronic sore throat Impaired motor skill coordination