1 CONDITIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
2 Disorders of teeth/mouthDental Caries (cavities) Decay on enamel surface of teeth which can deepen into dentin and pulp chamber of tooth causing infection and eventually tooth loss. Caused by acid and bacteria Periodontal Disease (gum disease) Infection of the gums, periodontal ligaments, and bone surrounding the teeth. Swollen, dark red, and bleeding gums Ultimate destruction of the alveolar bone- leading to tooth loss TMD (Temporomandibular Disorder) Pain and dysfunction in jaw joint (tempormandubular joint) Many causes such as Clenching/grinding teeth (bruxism) Injury to jaw joint (TMJ) Dysfunction in jaw due to position of mandible
3 Weight Loss Surgeries – 3 typesRoux En Y or Standard Gastric Bypass Half of the stomach and the duodenum is sealed off and the jejunum is rerouted to the stomach. By skipping part of the stomach and duodenum, less calories are absorbed Stomach is now a small pouch and can hold only 1 ounce of food at a time. High risk for complications, malnutrition. Without a pyloric sphincter, food moves too quickly from the stomach to the intestines causing dumping syndrome (abdominal cramping, shakiness, pain and diarrhea) Procedure is irreversible
4 Weight Loss Surgeries 2. Gastric BandAn inflatable band is placed around the stomach to create a small pouch. Stomach is reduced to ½ - 1 cup therefore less food can be eaten causing weight loss. Individuals tend not to lose as much weight Few complications possible Procedure is reversible
5 Weight Loss Surgeries 3. Sleeve Gastrectomy75% of the stomach is removed but no intestinal tract is bypassed. Pyloric sphincter is left intact, therefore no dumping syndrome Good results in weight loss Fewer risks of complications in comparison to standard bypass Procedure is irreversible
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7 Bowel Obstruction Partial or complete blockage of the small or large bowel. Causes: severe constipation, tumors, scar tissue, or twisting or narrowing of the intestines. Treatment: Laxatives or surgery
8 Diverticulitis Small pouches in the large intestine become clogged and inflamed with bacteria & feces. Typically treated with antibiotics however sometimes may need surgery to remove infected gut.
9 Ulcerative Colitis/ Crohn’s DiseaseDisease of the intestines causing ulcers & inflammation. Ulcerative Colitis is less invasive and only affects the large intestine Crohn’s disease is more severe and can cause ulcers throughout the digestive tract.
10 Gastric Ulcers Also known as peptic ulcer.Inflammation in either the stomach or the duodenal mucosa, with extension beyond the submucosa into the muscularis mucosa. Most commonly caused is bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. Other causes include medication induced or increase production of gastric secretions.
11 Alternative NutritionEnteral Nutrition: Also known as tube feeding Given via a tube through the mouth/nose/stomach and extends into either the stomach or intestines. Special formulas used containing all nutrients. “If the gut works, use it” But if it doesn’t work use Total Parental Nutrition (TPN) Nutrition via blood.
12 Celiac Disease Sometimes called “Slick Gut” because the lining of the small intestines becomes so inflamed food is unable to be absorbed and passes right through Inflammation is caused by an allergy to gluten, a protein found in wheat. Treatment: AVOID WHEAT! The following foods contain wheat: Bread, Pasta, Oats, Barley, Cookies, Cakes, Most Cereals, Most Processed Foods, Many Spices… And many more…
13 Poo Facts… Average amount of stool excreted per day is about a poundOne poop a day is ideal however times day or 3 times a week can also be considered normal too. The color of feces is due to bile (from the liver) and bilirubin (dead RBC’s) We need some bacteria (Gut Flora) in our digestive system to help us digest things we normally can’t Yogurt contains some of these “good bacteria” and can help replace them
14 Feces are made of… 75% of your poop is water25% undigestable fiber & stuff to help move the poop through the colon 1/3 of this is dead bacteria 1/3 fat, dead cells, mucus & live bacteria!
15 The hue of poo… The color of feces can indicate either what you’ve consumed, or a more serious issue! Black: high iron levels, blood (from intestines) Red: beets, blood (from rectum/anus) White/Gray: bile duct blockage, liver disease, excess anti- diarrheals Green: spinach, GI infection Yellow: fat in feces (pancreatic disease)
16 Follow mom’s advice – eat fiber!We need fiber in our diet – it helps to stimulate goblet cell production, which provides a lubricant for feces – thereby reducing time in our GI tract However, our intestines can’t process extremely high-fiber substances – especially plant cell walls (the cellulose!) For example: seeds, nuts, corn, and certain fruit/veggie skins MORE FIBER = MORE POOP = CLEANER & HEALTHIER DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
17 Diarrhea Usually two main causes: GI tract infections and maldigestionInadvertent consumption of bacteria, viruses, or toxins causes the small intestine to secrete large amounts of fluid, and the large intestine will not absorb any – all in efforts to “flush out” the tract Pooping more than 3 times a day is considered diarrhea.
18 Diarrhea – When should I see a doctor?Adults with any of the following symptoms should see a health care provider: signs of dehydration diarrhea for more than 2 days severe pain in the abdomen or rectum a fever of 102 degrees or higher stools containing blood or pus stools that are black and tarry Persistent diarrhea can be caused by lactose-intolerance or Celiac disease (allergy to gluten/wheat)
19 Constipation Definition includes the following Can be caused by…Infrequent defecation (less than 3x per week) Difficulty during defecation Sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation Can be caused by… Improper mastication Insufficient intake of fiber Dehydration Symptom of medication Hypothyroidism Abdominal surgery Dr. Oz says the perfect poop should be an s-shaped
20 Gas What causes gas? Well, you can thank your “Gut Flora” – or bacteria residing in your intestines The worst are in your colon – they release gas based on polysaccharide levels Alpha-D-galactosidase (the active ingredient in Beano) will help digest polysaccharides, thereby reducing gas The average person farts 10 times per day
21 Floaters and Sinkers Your feces will tend to float if you take in too much fat in your diet. If your feces sinks, you are taking in a healthy amount of fat in your diet.
22 More fun facts about your poo!Rabbits can poop up to 500 pellets per day!! During World War II, German tank drivers thought it was good luck to drive over camel dung… The British found out about this and began to make explosives that looked like poop. With the help of a high- fiber diet, the longest poop ever recorded was 26 feet
23 More fun facts about your poo!Coffee cherries are fed to civets, a weasel like animal and during their digestion, the animal’s enzymes mix with the coffee beans. The civet’s poop is collected, beans are removed to make civet coffee. Costs $600 per pound. YUM!
24 More fun facts about poo!Some caterpillars can fling their poop up to 3 feet to elude predators. Elephants poop 80 pounds a day! Poop stinks because bacteria produce foul smelling compounds rich in sulfur and nitogren Poop can sometime float because of an unusual high amount of gas content.