1 copyright cmassengaleEvolution Diversity of Life copyright cmassengale

2 copyright cmassengaleEvolution “Nothing in biology makes sense EXCEPT in the light of evolution.” Theodosius Dobzhansky Charles Darwin in later years copyright cmassengale

3 History of Evolutionary Thoughtcopyright cmassengale

4 Early Ideas On Earth’s OrganismsLinnaeus – 1st to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names Two word name (Genus species) Known as Binomial nomenclature copyright cmassengale

5 copyright cmassengaleCharles Lyell Proposed theory of Uniformintarianism Geological processes at uniform rates building & wearing down Earth’s crust Proposed that the Earth was millions of years instead of a few thousand years old copyright cmassengale

6 copyright cmassengalePrinciples of Geology Published by Lyell Just Before The Beagle Set Sail & read by Darwin Explained Geological Processes That Shaped The Earth Helped Darwin Understand Sea Shells In The Andes Mountains At 12,000+ Feet Expanded Earth’s Age copyright cmassengale

7 Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionJean-Baptiste Lamarck, 1809 One Of First Scientists To Understand That Change Occurs Over Time Stated that Changes Are Adaptations To Environment acquired in an organism’s lifetime Said acquired changes were passed to offspring copyright cmassengale

8 Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionIdea called Law of Use and Disuse If a body part were used, it got stronger If body part NOT used, it deteriorated copyright cmassengale

9 Lamarck’s Theory of EvolutionInheritance of Acquired Characteristics Proposed That By Selective Use Or Disuse Of Organs, Organisms Acquired Or Lost Certain Traits During Their Lifetime These Traits Could Then Be Passed On To Their Offspring Over Time This Led To New Species copyright cmassengale

10 Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution___________- Organisms Could Change The Size Or Shape Of Organs By Using Them Or Not Using Them _________(muscular arms) ____________from stretching) copyright cmassengale

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12 Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution__________________________ Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be Passed To Offspring copyright cmassengale Clipped ears of dogs could be passed to offspring!

13 Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution_____________________ Organisms Are Continually Changing and Acquiring Features That Help Them Live More Successfully In Their Environment Example: ________________________________________________________ copyright cmassengale

14 copyright cmassengaleLamarck’s Mistakes Lamarck Did NOT Know how traits were _______________________ Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life Change Through __________________________________________________ copyright cmassengale

15 Charles Darwin the Naturalistcopyright cmassengale

16 copyright cmassengaleVoyage of the Beagle Charles Darwin Born Feb. 12, 1809 Joined Crew of HMS Beagle, 1831 Naturalist 5 Year Voyage around world Avid Collector of Flora & Fauna Astounded By Variety of Life copyright cmassengale

17 Darwin’s Voyage of DiscoveryA reconstruction of the HMS Beagle sailing off Patagonia. copyright cmassengale

18 copyright cmassengaleThe Galapagos Islands Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America Very Different ________ Animals On Islands Unique ________ copyright cmassengale

19 copyright cmassengaleThe Galapagos Islands ___________off the coast of South America ________________________________________________ Each island had long or short neck tortoises copyright cmassengale

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21 copyright cmassengaleThe Galapagos Islands Finches on the islands ____________________________ ______________________where the available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…) Finches had ______________adapted to their _________________________ copyright cmassengale

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23 Darwin’s Observations & ConclusionsThe Struggle for Existence copyright cmassengale

24 copyright cmassengaleVoyage of the Beagle During His Travels, Darwin Made Numerous Observations And Collected Evidence That Led Him To Propose A ___________________About The Way Life Changes Over Time copyright cmassengale

25 Darwin’s ObservationsPatterns of Diversity were shown Unique _________ in organisms Species Not Evenly Distributed Australia, Kangaroos, but No Rabbits S. America, Llamas copyright cmassengale

26 Darwin’s ObservationsBoth Living Organisms & Fossils collected Fossils included: __________ ____________________________________ This species NO longer existed. What had happened to them? copyright cmassengale

27 copyright cmassengaleEvidence for Evolution – The Fossil Record copyright cmassengale

28 copyright cmassengaleDefinition _________ is the slow , gradual change in a population of organisms over time copyright cmassengale

29 Darwin’s ObservationsLeft unchecked, the _____________________________, generation to generation In nature, _________________in size Environmental ____________________ copyright cmassengale

30 copyright cmassengaleDarwin’s Conclusion Production of more individuals than can be supported by the environment leads to a __________________________________ Only a fraction of offspring survive each generation _________________ copyright cmassengale

31 Darwin’s ObservationsIndividuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics with _____________________________. Much of this variation between individuals is ______________. copyright cmassengale

32 copyright cmassengaleDarwin’s Conclusion Individuals who inherit characteristics ___________are likely to leave more offspring than less fit individuals Called _____________ copyright cmassengale

33 Darwin’s Theory of EvolutionThe ______________________leads to a gradual change in a population, with favorable characteristics accumulating over generations _________________ New species evolve copyright cmassengale

34 Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s ThinkingThomas Malthus copyright cmassengale

35 copyright cmassengalePopulation Growth Thomas Malthus, 1798 Economist Observed ________________________ Population size _________such as the Food Supply copyright cmassengale

36 The Struggle for ExistenceMalthus’ Influence: ____________________________________________________________ Each Species Struggles For: Food Living Space Mates copyright cmassengale

37 copyright cmassengalePopulation Growth Malthus Reasoned That If The Human Population Continued To Grow Unchecked, Sooner or Later There Would Be Insufficient Living Space & Food For Everyone Death Rate Will Increase To Balance Population size & Food Supply copyright cmassengale

38 copyright cmassengalePopulation Growth Darwin Realized Malthus’s Principles Were Visible In Nature Plants & Animals ______________________________________________________ Most Die If They Didn’t – Earth Would Be Overrun copyright cmassengale

39 Darwin’s Theory of EvolutionOrganisms Change Over Time copyright cmassengale

40 Common Descent with ModificationDarwin proposed that organisms descended from ______________ Idea that organisms ________, diverging from a common form Caused ___________ copyright cmassengale

41 copyright cmassengaleNatural Selection ________for evolution During the struggle for resources, ___________ Idea that at least some of the differences between individuals, which impact their survival and fertility, are ___________ . copyright cmassengale