1 CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN FINISHESNIOB/CORBON MCPDP ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN FINISHES
2 CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN FINISHES BY BLDR (Dr.) OGUNBIYI, MOSES ADEBOWALE (B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, FNIOB, MNICE, MNSE, MNES PGSNIOB) FOR NIOB/CORBON MANDATORY CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (MCPDP) 04/16/2011
3 Table of Contents CONTENT OF WRITE-UP TITLE PAGE 2 1.0 Introduction 41.1 What Is Finishes? 1.2 Design as a critical contributor to finishes 1.3 Specification 1.4 Methodology 2.0 Regulation 2.1 Workmanship as a critical element in finishes 3.0 Conclusion References CONTENT OF WRITE-UP
4 What is Finishes? FINISHES DEFINEDAccording to home dictionary, to bring to an end; complete: to finish the work, to come to the end of: to give final touches to; embellish or perfect; to come to an end; terminate; to complete something being done (http://www.yourdictionary .com/). Finishes can be assessed objectively only if the project documentation makes it clear what is expected. This is usually achieved by nominating specific items (type of finish, colour, etc) directly, and the general matters (tolerances, etc) by reference to other documents (eg Standards, Specifications, regulations, and Environment). The relative importance of the various factors influencing the achievement of a finish will vary according to the type of element involved (eg column, wall, beam, door). Therefore, finish may be defined as the final touches to an element, component, sub-structure or structure to embellish or perfect its completion. The application tools and materials play a major role in the outcome of finishes; this contributes a critical element to finishes. FINISHES DEFINED
5 Design as a critical contributor to finishesIssues raised by the various designers can only be resolved through conflict resolution employing the five critical elements of conflict management. These are; Conflict detection, Identification of the conflict resolution team, Negotiation management, Solution generation, and Solution impact assessment. Design is a collection of co-operated efforts undertaken by a team of designers
6 EXAMPLE OF FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR BEST POSSIBLE FINISH TO CONCRETECement Types Concrete Mix Design Formwork Concrete Pressure on Formwork Form Release Agents Workmanship Obtaining the best possible finish to concrete requires careful consideration of several combined factors:
7 Concrete Mix Design Cement Content:Typically 300–400kg/m3 (consistent amount) Sand: Not more than twice the cement content, fixed fines content Coarse Aggregate: Single size 20 mm, clean and rounded Total Aggregate: Not more than six times the cement content Water/Cement ratio: 0.45 to 0.5 Workability: Slump class S3 (≥100 mm ≤150 mm)
8 Concrete Pressure on FormworkAgree joint locations with the contractor and as far as possible seek to conceal details such as shadow gaps, rebates, etc. Keep detail as simple as possible and avoid complexity, as you need to give the contractor a fighting chance of achieving a good quality. Number the form panels so they can be re-used on subsequent lifts in the same location. This avoids ending up with miss-fitting pieces and odd pieces. Vertical forms must be designed to resist full static liquid head pressure from a concrete placing rate of up to 6 m/hr and high amplitude of vibration during compaction. Minimum deflection must be obtained over the entire length of use to reduce potential grout loss and colour variation due to formwork movement. Once the type of formwork has been selected there are some design issues that must also be considered:
9 Arrange tie holes similarly in a uniform ‘designed’. arrangementArrange tie holes similarly in a uniform ‘designed’ arrangement. If more tie holes than is structurally required are desired use ‘dummy’ tie holes. Formwork shall be grout tight with all joints between panels sealed with an appropriate clear non-staining sealant or foam strip to eliminate any grout loss. Walers, soldiers and clamps to be used to ensure no grout loss at corners or stop ends. The exposed formwork face shall not have any nail heads or screws fixed through the contact face.
10 Elements of Good Workmanship for ConcreteWatertight seals between formwork joints. No adjustments to the water/cement ratio during the project, particularly by the addition of water to the concrete on site. Proper placing of the concrete. Pour at a minimum rate of 2 m/hr, the faster the rise the more consistent the concrete colour. Proper compaction of the concrete by sufficient vibration. The maximum depth of uncompacted concrete should never exceed 300 mm. Secondary compaction should be applied to concrete at the top of walls and columns to militate against the effects of plastic settlement. Avoid letting the poker vibrator touch the formwork. Key elements of good workmanship to look out for are:
11 Methodology Conflict detection;Identification of conflict resolution team; Negotiation management; Solution generation, and Solution impact assessment. In this paper, the main objective is to come up with methodological elements to allow the team identification and the assessment of the solution impact on product and process organization.
12 Regulations Example of part of the British Regulations on Fire in buildings state that; internal linings in buildings should “adequately resist the spread of flame over their surfaces” and if ignited “have either a rate of heat release or rate of fire growth which is reasonable in the circumstances”. The specifics of the performance linings exhibit are classified in terms of Class 1 and Class 0, detailed in Approved Document B to the Building Regulations.
13 Specification for Class 1 LiningsClass 1 is the highest performance classification measured by BS476: Part 7: 1997 Surface Spread of Flame. Class 1 is generally the minimum requirement for wall and ceiling finishes in buildings.
14 Specification for Class 0 LiningsIn addition to Class 1 which deals with spread of flame, Class 0 defines limitations in heat release from a surface when tested to the requirements of BS476: Part 6: Class 0 is generally required for wall and ceiling finishes in public areas, including escape routes.
15 Application of Class 1 Lining in Interior FinishThe specifics of the performance linings exhibit are classified in terms of Class 1 and Class 0, detailed in Approved Document B to the Building Regulations.
16 Exterior Stone finishesGlobal Finishing Solutions
17 Workmanship and FinishesNASA policy on Workmanship is contained in NPD , five NASA Workmanship Standards [NASA-STD , .2, .3, .4 and .5], and one ANSI Standard [ANSI/ESD S20.20].
18 Interior Finishes
19 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes)Casting of a wall panel in a Precast factory
20 Wall and Façade Panel Finishes[a] Rope attached to formwork
21 External and Internal Wall finishes[b] Wall Panel finishes
22 Conclusion This paper highlighted the importance of elements such as; design, specification, methodology and workmanship, critical to finishes. Examples of different types of finish applicability were cited. The paper underscored the essential of finish by pointing to the fact that NASA a cutting-edge technological organization, puts a great premium on workmanship and has standards for would be contractors on the standard of workmanship expected of them. The challenge thrown to the NIOB/CORBON is when are we going to start the ball rolling on important issues such as this?
23 THANK YOU! AND REMAINN BLESSED!