1 Design and ConstructionAirport Lighting Design and Construction Super-duper prize words of the day… frangibility and conspicuity. Travis will give $50 to the first two students who can define these. Lexington, KY

2 A Little Bit of History On Feb. 22, 1921, the U.S. Postal Service conducted a daring night-flying experiment, lighting the transcontinental route with a series of bonfires. Two planes each left New York and San Francisco with loads of mail for the cross-country run. One of the eastbound planes crashed after takeoff in Elko, Nev., killing the pilot. Both westbound planes got stuck in Chicago by a snowstorm. The pilot of the remaining eastbound plane, Jack Knight, survived the trip, but only through extraordinary heroics. Source: “A History of Air Traffic Control” Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

3 A Little Bit of History Also, in 1921, rotating beacons on towers replaced the bonfires on a segment of the cross country route through Ohio. By 1923, the Postal Service had installed similar beacons between Chicago and Cheyenne, Wyoming. This enabled all-night flights across the continent and cut mail delivery time to 29 hours – two to three days less than it took by train. Source: “A History of Air Traffic Control” Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

4 Variety of Lighting Systems at an AirportVaries greatly for different size airports, different approach categories and military, commercial and general aviation airports In-pavement Edge Navigational Aid (NAVAID) Navigational Aid (NAVAID) Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

5 Variety of Lighting Systems at an AirportObstruction Signage Vault Rotating Beacon Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

6 Design Installation Maintenance Airport Lighting ConsiderationsVaries greatly for different size airports, different approach categories and military, commercial and general aviation airports Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

7 Airport Lighting DesignFAA Advisory Circulars Runway Approach Category Safety Area Taxiway Design Group Signage Drainage Elevated or in-pavement fixtures Incandescent or LEDs Frangibility Electrical Vault Airfield Lighting Control and Monitoring System (ALCMS) Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

8 Nominal Setting (Amps) Taxiway L-852C (Measured Values CD)Airport Lighting Design FAA Advisory Circular Operational Flexibility CCR 5 Step Operation Current (Amps) Photometric Value Taxiway L-852C (Measured Values CD) 5 6.6 400 cd 4 5.2 100 cd to 180 cd 3 4.1 20 cd to 40 cd 2 3.4 2.4 cd to 12 cd 1 2.8 0.6 cdto 6.6 cd. CCR 3 Step Operation Current Intensity Nominal Setting (Amps) Photometric Value Taxiway L-852C (Measured Values CD) 3 6.6 400 cd 2 5.5 120 cd to 200 cd 1 4.8 40 cd to 80 cd Step 3 of 5 is “normal” for LEX. Step 5 requires sunglasses at night. Step 3 of 3 is higher than Step 3 of 5. Step 2 of 3 is HIGHER than Step 4 of 5. CCR=constant current regulator cd=candelas Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

9 Airport Lighting InstallationFAA Advisory Circular Lighting Underground Cable Operational Considerations Can sections for pavement rehab Markings Grooves Construction Phasing Safety, safety, safety Impact to operations Funding Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

10 Airport Lighting MaintenanceFAA Advisory Circular Considerations Wiring Cable markers Tagging Drainage Access Lightning protection Spare Parts Airfield operations Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

11 LEX runway lighting project in 2006 made HEADLINESAirfield Lighting Design and Construction

12 Airfield lighting became the focus of potential airport LIABILITYAirfield Lighting Design and Construction

13 SLC Runway 34R-16L Problem: Base cans in the wayExisting Grade New Grade Elevation Base Can Height Milled Surface R/W CTL #1 R/W CTL #2 R/W CTL #3 R/W CTL #4 R/W CTL #5 R/W CTL #6 R/W CTL #7 R/W CTL #8 R/W CTL #9 R/W CTL #10 R/W CTL #11 R/W CTL #12 R/W CTL #13 Challenge: Can’t raise runway too much Fix runway humps Overlay as close to 4” as possible Minimize disruption to operation or number of base cans removed Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

14 SLC Runway 34R-16L Solution: Revise ProfileRunway slightly raised in certain spots by no more than 1” Existing Grade New Grade Elevation Milled Surface Base Can Height R/W CTL #1 R/W CTL #2 R/W CTL #3 R/W CTL #4 R/W CTL #5 R/W CTL #6 R/W CTL #7 R/W CTL #8 R/W CTL #9 R/W CTL #10 R/W CTL #11 R/W CTL #12 R/W CTL #13 Result: Schedule impact significantly reduced 350 fewer cans were removed, approximately $400k savings Efficient milling operation Airfield Lighting Design and Construction

15 Design, Construction, Maintenance and Functional ConsiderationsAirport Markings: Design, Construction, Maintenance and Functional Considerations Lexington, KY

16 Markings and Purpose Provide directional guidance to pilots and ground vehicles Distinguish between surfaces Identify boundaries between “protected” and “non-protected” areas Airfield Markings Design, Construction, Maintenance, Function

17 Common Markings at Airports Snapshot of ComplianceAirfield Markings Design, Construction, Maintenance, Function

18 Enhanced Conspicuity …yeah, it’s a government termAirfield Markings Design, Construction, Maintenance, Function

19 Maintenance and Strategic Planning ConsiderationsAirfield Markings Design, Construction, Maintenance, Function

20 QUESTIONS? Lexington, KY