1 Drew Storms
2 Dean Ornish, MD “Having proven what a powerful difference lifestyle changes can make in people’s lives, and how quickly, I appreciate the opportunity to share my program with you” Upon visiting his website, this is one of the first things to pop up: selling a lifestyle that is proven to show quick effects
3 Baylor College of Medicine (1975-1980): M.D Research Categories: Education: University of Texas, Austin ( ): B.A in Humanities, summa cum laude Baylor College of Medicine ( ): M.D Massachusetts General Hospital ( ): completion of internship and residency via Internal Medicine Residency Program Harvard Medical School ( ): Clinical fellow University of California, San Francisco (July Present): Clinical Professor of Medicine Strong education A lot of research topics
4 Research: Dean Ornish, MD35+ years: Non-Profit Preventive Medicine Research Institute (PMRI), University of California, San Francisco
5 Research: continued Based on the health claim, I dove into his clincial studies and papers that he references on his website for making the claim As you can see, he has published a lot of studies to support the heart disease claim: https://www.ornish.com/undo-it/
6 Popular columnist
7 President Obama: Appointed to the White House Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health President Clinton: Appointed to the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy Physician Consultant Consult: Chefs at the White House & Air Force one Cook more Healthfully ( ) San Francisco Food Bank: Member of the board of diretors Elected: California Academy of Medicine Chaired ( ): Google Health Advisory Council Matriculation lecture, Army War College: “The Power of Love” annually, beginning in
8 Qualification Status:Qualified Conflict of Interest: None disclosed No, however: https://www.ornish.com/undo-it/ Website promotes his lifestyle program Must have a consultation prior to receiving program pricing & regime No conflict of interest because program was not promoted in the paper All additional resources on following the program were accessible, free, to the general public Qualified to give advice on how to improve a lifestyle and improve health. No conflict of interest in writing the paper – although his website promotes participation in his program which I could not recviing any pricing or regime, it was not promoted in his article and I could access information how to follow the general guideline by online resources
9 Health Claim: “An optimal diet for preventing disease is a whole foods, plant-based diet that is naturally low in animal protein” Based upon his research areas, the health claim I investigated from his article on “the Myth of High-protein diets”
10 “A study published last March found a 75 percent increase in premature deaths from all causes, and a 400 percent increase in deaths from cancer and Type 2 diabetes, among heavy consumers of animal protein under the age of 65 – those who got 20 percent or more of their calories from animal protein” “Arterial blockages may be caused by animal-protein-induced elevations in free fatty acids and insulin levels” “Animal protein increases IGF-1, an insulin-like growth hormone, and chronic inflammation = underlying factor in many chronic diseases” “Red meat is high in Neu5Gc, a tumor-forming sugar that is linked to chronic inflammation and an increased risk of cancer” “My colleagues and I at the nonprofit Preventive Medicine Research Institute and the University of California, San Francisco, have conducted clinical research proving them any benefits of a whole-foods, plant-based diet on reversing chronic disease” Within the article, the statements above are the support for the claim which I used as a basis for evaluating the legitamicy of the claim
11 - Protein can be harmful:. - Typical protein source = Meat- Protein can be harmful: - Typical protein source = Meat - High in saturated fats - Can lead to increases in LDL cholesterol - Found to compensate in alternative food groups when eating excessive meat - Ex: eating less fruits/vegs due to satiety with high protein diets - Protein recommendations by CDC: % total kcals from protein - Women = Approximately 46 g/day - Men = Approximately 56 g/day AHA recommends: - Choose low-fat protein options (lean meats, non/low-fat dairy products) - Increase variety in food groups during meals - Be mindful of portions to avoid excessive protein intake
12 Participants: 80,082 women 34-59 years old with no prior incidents of: Objective: to determine the correlation between protein and heart disease, specifically ischemic (reduced blood supply to the heart) Type of Study: Cohort Participants: 80,082 women years old with no prior incidents of: Heart Disease Stroke Cancer Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Methods/Materials: Dietary questionnaires were administered to evaluate the amount of protein and fat intake Collected data through 14 years of initially administering questionnaires (1 follow up/2 years) Obtained Information via FFQ’s on food intake, portion sizes and health/lifestyle status #1 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Dietary protein & risk of ischemic heart disease in women
13 Inverse relationship between protein sources (animal & veg) Due to the relationship that fiber has with different types of diseases such as hyperlipidemia, increase in vegetable protein, increased the fiber intake which could be beneficial Inverse relationship between protein sources (animal & veg) There’s a slight relationship between the amount of protein consumed and the amount of fat and carb intake Vegetable protein = positively correlated with fiber Animal protein = negatively correlated with fiber
14 Mean total protein intake = 14% of total kcalsOverall lower veg protein intake & animal protein more prominent - Both show trends of decreasing IHD Results: - Table above displays the higher the protein intake, the lower the risk for developing ischemic heart disease - Shows a weak and inverse correlation between protein intake and risk for IHD Data does not support claim
15 Compile of mega-analysis on the Thermic Effect of Food & Plasma Amino Acid Levels Author Affiliations - Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut USA - Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut USA - Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria - Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria No Conflict of Interest - High protein diet defined as: >0.8 g/kg body weight or >15-16% of total kcals coming from protein sources Background: High protein diets are extremely popular and regulate several biological mechanisms - (1) Outline the thermic effect of food “metabolic response to food” in individuals that have different percentage of total protein intakes - (2) Understand how plasma amino acid levels are influenced by percentage of protein intake Article #2 PUBMED Study outlines two main topics: (1) The thermic effect of food and how differences in total protein consumption affects metabolic rates and (2) How plasma amino acids levels are effected by alter the total percentage of protein consumed
16 Results: (1) Dietary Induced Thermogenesis Highest dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT) was seen in the group that consumed the highest amount of total kcals from protein, 15-30% - Direct correlation showing an increase in DIT with increased protein intake (2) Plasma amino acid levels High protein diets increase satiety responses: “Diets high in protein will elevate concentrations of plasma amino acids” “Increased serum amino acid concentrations produced feelings of satiety whereas decreasing concentrations created feelings of hunger” ”The satiating effect after a high-protein preload was significantly larger than preloads containing an iso- energetic amount of carb or fats” High protein diets: provides metabolic and plasma amino acid benefits Data does not support claim Mega analysis discusses the beneficial effects to consuming protein from a wide variety of studies and discuses that protein intake should increase
17 Manny Noakes: CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia Primary Author Manny Noakes: CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia No Conflict of Interest Objective: to analyze the effects that a diet high in a protein to carb ratio has on CVD risks, overall nutritional status - Obesity increases the Subjects: 100 women (41-58 years old) with a BMI 26-38, were randomly assigned 1 of kJ (isocaloric) dietary interventions either (1) High Protein (2) High Carb, for 12 weeks Results: Plasma TG concentrations decreased substantial more in the high-protein diet than in the high-carb diets Conclusions: Based off of plasma concentrations, it can be determined that a low-fat and high-protein diet provides metabolic benefits that are great to those observed in the high-carb dieters Data does not support claim #3
18 Oxford Journals: American Journal of Epidemiology Linda E. Kelemen & James R. Cerhan: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Lawrence H. Kushi: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland CA David R. Jacobs: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN & Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway Background: study conducted to determine the association between protein and disease since the relationship was not defined, but high protein diets were extremely popular for weight loss Epidemiologic study Previous data collected: - Strong, positive correlation in animal protein consumption with CHD mortality: suggesting amount and type of protein has an influence in the development of certain diseases and cancers - Particularly, meat and milk shown to have an association between increased disease incidence Article #4 Analyzed the association between protein consumption in previous studies, rat and human trials, and the correlation to disease.
19 Participants: 29,017 postmenopausal women for 15 years to track cancer incidence rates and mortality from CHD, cancer or other Study enrollment: Postmenopausal & No incidence of cancer, CHD or diabetes, Methods/Materials: 16 page Questionnaires mailed to participants (55-69 years of age) Dietary, lifestyle & medical information Mailed: 1987, 1989, 1992 & 1997 Model of evaluation used: Nutrient Density Model Evaluate & estimate risk ratios of the prevalence of CHD, “from a simulated substitution of total and type of dietary protein for carbohydrate and of vegetable for animal protein” Results: assessed the relationship between dietary protein intake and the outcome of new cancer development, death from CHD, death from cancer and/or death from other cause No statistical significant results for the association of CHD mortality from substitution an isoenergenic quantity of total protein or animal protein for the same amount of calories of carbohydrates Highest quintile of vegetable protein intake showed a 40% decrease in risk for CHD mortality
20 Results: assessed the relationship between dietary protein intake and the outcome of new cancer development, death from CHD, death from cancer and/or death from other cause Inverse relationship between vegetable protein and CHD mortality when substituted in place of carbohydrates Positive association and direct relationship between red meat and dairy product consumption with CHD mortality when swapped in place of carbohydrates Data suggests: animal protein & dairy could have potential adverse effects on CHD mortality rates due to the positive relationship displayed in the dietary & nutrient consumption analysis (obtained via questionnaires), compared to vegetable protein incidence rates Data supports health claim
21 Summary Table
22 Discussion Qualifications & training =Founding of personal research group, experience with the government (Presidents & Army) Dr. Dean Ornish a reliable source to obtain information from Only 1 source supported the health claim: “An optimal diet for preventing disease is a whole foods, plant-based diet that is naturally low in animal protein” Although his research supports his claim, more outside sources of data do not All other sources and separate studies and compilment of data stated that increasing protein intake was beneficial to reducing the risk and incidence of diseases and cancers, specifically CVD
23 Work Cited https://www.linkedin.com/in/dean-ornish-m-d-1057167Ornish, Dean. "The Myth of High-Protein Diets." The New York Times. The New York Times, 22 Mar