1 Effect of climate on plant growth and level of adaptogenic compounds in Rhodiola rosea, Leuzea chartamoides and Serratula coronata Inger Martinussen, Vladimir Volodin, Gunnlaug Røthe, Kirsten Jakobsen and Hermod Nilsen BARENTSHERBS

2 Controlled experiment in a phytotrone21°C day 9°C night

3 Temperature effects on growth of RhodiolaN = 30 pr treatment 1 clone Rovaniemi 1 clone Akershus 1 clone Tromsø TEMP C SHOOTS P<0.0001 D.W. (g) ROOT P<0.007** 9 28.3 B 17.6 BA 15 30.3 21.9 21/9 40.3 A 24.1 21 12 h 12.3 C 13.2 21 24 h 22.5 15.4

4 Temperature effects on adaptogens in RhodiolaTEMP C Cinnamic alcohol P<0.796 Rosavin P<0.873 Tyrosol P<0.001** Salidroside P<0.830 Total rosavines P<0.833 9 0.75 A 3.02 0.15 2.42 5.59 15 0.67 2.98 0.11 AB 3.34 4.96 21/9 0.72 2.66 0.09 B 2.85 4.66 21 12 h 0.61 3.29 0.06 3.27 4.97 21 24 h 0.66 2.94 4.75

5 Clonal differences! The northernmost clone bestThe trends are the same – the levels different

6 Temperature effects on Leuzea chartamoidesN = ca. 40 pr treatment 1 clone from Mikkili 1 seed population from Mikkili TEMP C HIGHT (cm) P<0.0001*** FLOWERING (NUMBER) P<0.0001*** D.W. (g) ROOT P<0.0001*** 9 53.0 C 1.7 15 68.5 A 0.4 B 5.5 21/9 69.8 0.5 4.2 21 12 h 30.2 D 1.4 21 24 h 59.7 1.3 2.4

7 Ecdysteroids in Leuzea chartamoidesN = 8 pr treatment – combined from 5 samples Low at 9 ◦C Highest at 15 ◦C and decreases at 21 ◦C Negative effect of long days at higher temperatures? Statistikal program SAS Systems

8 Temperature effects on growth of Serratula coronataN = 40 pr. treatment 2 seed populations TEMP C HIGHT (cm) P<0.0001*** FLOWERING P<0.0001*** D.W. (g) LEAF P<0.0001*** 9 20.3 C 0.8 D 15 93.1 A 1.4 BC 11.4 B 21/9 80.0 2.9 8.2 21 12 h 17.2 0.9 21 24 h 81.8 2.0 BA 16.0

9 Ecdysteroids in Serratula coronataN = 8 pr treatment – combined from 5 samples Short days as negative Increase in concentration from 9◦C to 15 ◦C

10 Summary & conclusions Long days necessary for growth and floweringShort days reduced the concentration of ecdysteroids in Serratula (NB – tested only at high temperature) Long days reduced the concentration of ecdysteroids in Leuzea (NB – tested only at high temperature) Low temperature significantly increased the amount of tyrosol in Rhodiola and results shows a higher concentration of the other adaptogens also at low temperature (9◦C & 15◦C), however, not significant The northernmost clone had the highest content of adaptogens at all treatments The intermediate temperature of 15◦C gave the highest amount of ecdysteroids in both Leuzea and Serratula

11 THANKS! Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, RussiaMTT Rovaniemi, Finland MTT Mikkili, Finland Bioforsk – Svanhovd, Norway Bioforsk – Kise Bioforsk – Holt UiTø The Norwegian Barents Secretary Interreg IIIA Agronomy County offices in Troms and Finnmark