1 Engineering and the Modern WorldTransformation of Society by Engineering CEE 102: Prof. Michael G. Littman Course Administrator: Catherine Eiben Computers OK for NOTETAKING and course related searches Please - NO cell use, , messaging, texting, games, shopping

2 Language, History, and Meaning of EngineeringScientific: formulas relationships Social: innovators changes in society Symbolic: images changes in vision Language, History, and Meaning of Engineering

3 Language, History, and Meaning of EngineeringScientific: formulas relationships Social: innovators changes in society Symbolic: images changes in vision Language, History, and Meaning of Engineering Landscape with Dead Tree

4 Transformation of VisionSymbolic Transformation of Vision Thomas Cole

5 The Pic-Nic

6 Steamboat – artist to landscapeSteam Tractor – tames nature

7 Building an Urban Societystructures machines networks processes Steamboat – artist to landscape Steam Tractor – tames nature

8 Building an Urban Societystructures machines networks processes

9 Transformation of NatureScientific Transformation of Nature Thomas Telford 1814 – 1826

10 Transformation of NatureScientific Transformation of Nature Thomas Telford 1814 – 1826

11 Structures: Cable or ArchVertical Deck Weight : q l Transformed by Form : l / d Into Horizontal Force : H

12 Structures: Cable or ArchVertical Deck Weight : q l Transformed by Form : l / d Into Horizontal Force : H George Washington Bridge

13 George Washington Bridge - 1931

14 P = pressure L = stroke A = area N = frequency Thermodynamics: Heat to Work

15 Machines: Piston EnginePiston Force : P A Maintained at Speed : L N Transformed to Horsepower : Hp P = pressure L = stroke A = area N = frequency Thermodynamics: Heat to Work

16 Machines: Piston EngineElectric generator Machines: Piston Engine Piston Force : P A Maintained at Speed : L N Transformed to Horsepower : Hp Steam turbine Coal-Fired Steam to Electricity

17 Electric generator Steam turbine Coal-Fired Steam to Electricity

18 Networks: Electric GeneratorGenerator Voltage : V Maintained at Current : I Transformed to Power : Hp

19 Networks: Electric GeneratorGenerator Voltage : V Maintained at Current : I Transformed to Power : Hp Coal-Fired Hematite (Fe2O3) to Iron

20 Process: Blast FurnaceFe2O3 + 3C + (3/2)O2  2Fe + 3CO2 Iron Ore : Fe2O3 Heated with Coal (Coke) : C and Air : O2 Transformed into Iron : Fe Coal-Fired Hematite (Fe2O3) to Iron

21 Process: Blast FurnaceFe2O3 + 3C + (3/2)O2  2Fe + 3CO2 Iron Ore : Fe2O3 Heated with Coal (Coke) : C and Air : O2 Transformed into Iron : Fe 1779

22 1889 1779

23 Social Structures and Machines Transformation of Society 1889Politics of Public Works Economics of Private Enterprise 1889

24 Social Structures and Machines Transformation of SocietyPolitics of Public Works Economics of Private Enterprise

25 Social Networks and Processes Transformation of SocietyIndustry Restructures Regions Public Resources and Private Profits

26 Social Networks and Processes Transformation of SocietyIndustry Restructures Regions Public Resources and Private Profits Transportation: River to Rail

27 Social Networks and Processes Transformation of SocietyIndustry Restructures Regions Public Resources and Private Profits Baytown Refinery (Texas) – largest in world – MOMA Exhibit Resources: Oil to Wealth

28 Social Networks and Processes Transformation of SocietyIndustry Restructures Regions Public Resources and Private Profits Rivers and Politics Resources: Oil to Wealth

29 Social Networks and Processes Transformation of SocietyIndustry Restructures Regions Public Resources and Private Profits Age of Iron and Steel Independence, Iron, and Industry: 1776 – 1855 Connecting the Continent: – 1876 Age of Power and Speed The Rise of the Great American Industries: 1876 – 1939 Regional Restructuring: 1921 – 1964 Information and Infrastructure: 1946 – Rivers and Politics

30 Age of Iron and Steel Independence, Iron, and Industry: 1776 – 1855 Connecting the Continent: – 1876 Age of Power and Speed The Rise of the Great American Industries: 1876 – 1939 Regional Restructuring: 1921 – 1964 Information and Infrastructure: 1946 –

31 Independence, Iron, & Industry Fulton, Livingston and the steamboat Lowell, Francis and textiles Stephenson, Thomson and railroads

32 “The whole of France fits into the Mississippi Basin six times over.”Louisiana Purchase 1803 “The whole of France fits into the Mississippi Basin six times over.”

33 “The whole of France fits into the Mississippi Basin six times over.”Washington Explosion – Shreve’s boat Mississippi River 1824 “The whole of France fits into the Mississippi Basin six times over.” Economics versus Safety

34 Mississippi River 1824 Economics versus Safety

35 Boiler Explosions Franklin Institute STRESSES Alfred GuthrieSTATISTICS Mark Twain STORIES

36 Boiler Explosions Franklin Institute STRESSES Alfred GuthrieSTATISTICS Mark Twain STORIES Mississippi River and its tributaries

37 Connecting the Continent Stanford and the continental railroad Henry, Morse and the telegraph Carnegie, Holley and steel rails

38 RR in 1950 RR in 1971

39 RR in 1950 Federal Highway Act RR in 1971 Transportation: Rail to Road

40 The Rise of the Great Industries SPEED Ford and Model T The Wright Brothers and Flyer Douglas and DC – 3 Federal Highway Act Transportation: Rail to Road

41 The Rise of the Great Industries SPEED Ford and Model T The Wright Brothers and Flyer Douglas and DC – 3 Barney Oldfield and Henry Ford – 999 Racer – first to reach 60 mph

42 Model T

43 Dynamism of an Automobile by Luigi Russolo 1912

44 The Rise of the Great Industries POWER Edison, Westinghouse and electricity Rockefeller, Burton and oil refining

45 The Rise of the Great Industries POWER Edison, Westinghouse and electricity Rockefeller, Burton and oil refining J. D. Rockefeller at 19 - Millionaire

46 Baytown refinery

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48 First Lights to Madison Square, Jan 14, 1882 Harpweek

49 Joseph Stella – The Great White Way

50 Hoover Dam lit by its own Power

51 Regional Restructuring POWER Morgan and Lilienthal and Tennessee Valley Authority Crowe Hoover Dam and Los Angeles Hoover Dam lit by its own Power

52 Regional Restructuring Regional Restructuring SPEED Ammann and the Port Authority of NY & NJ Douglas Streamline, Shapes, and Style Regional Restructuring POWER Morgan and Lilienthal and Tennessee Valley Authority Crowe Hoover Dam and Los Angeles

53 Regional Restructuring SPEED Ammann and the Port Authority of NY & NJ Douglas Streamline, Shapes, and Style

54 Santa Clara Valley

55 Frederick Terman – Steeples of ExcellenceSanta Clara Valley

56 Santa Clara Valley Silicon ValleyAgriculture to Industry – Silicon Valley Santa Clara Valley Silicon Valley

57 Information and Infrastructure INFORMATION Kilby, Noyce and the integrated circuit Turing, Von Neumann and the digital computer 1946 – Silicon Valley

58 Information and InfrastructureThe Microchip 1958—The monolithic idea: Jack St. Clair Kilby TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 1959—The integrated circuit: Robert Noyce FAIRCHILD Information and Infrastructure INFORMATION Kilby, Noyce and the integrated circuit Turing, Von Neumann and the digital computer 1946 –

59 The Microchip 1958—The monolithic idea: Jack St. Clair KilbyTEXAS INSTRUMENTS 1959—The integrated circuit: Robert Noyce FAIRCHILD Jack St. Clair Kilby – Monolithic Microchip

60 The Microchip Infrastructure 1958—The monolithic idea:Jack St. Clair Kilby TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 1959—The integrated circuit: Robert Noyce FAIRCHILD River and Rail Road and Airway Grid and Pipeline Infrastructure

61 Information and Infrastructure1946 – 2003 – Northeast Blackout 2005 – New Orleans Flood 2007 – Minneapolis Bridge Collapse 2010 – Gulf Oil Spill River and Rail Road and Airway Grid and Pipeline Infrastructure

62 Information and Infrastructure Information and Infrastructure1946 – Information and Infrastructure 1946 – Power: Smart Grid Energy: Wind, Solar Materials: Composites Information: GPS, Wi-Fi 2003 – Northeast Blackout 2005 – New Orleans Flood 2007 – Minneapolis Bridge Collapse 2010 – Gulf Oil Spill

63 Information and Infrastructure1946 – 2003 – Northeast Blackout 2005 – New Orleans Flood 2007 – Minneapolis Bridge Collapse 2010 – Gulf Oil Spill

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66 Course Objectives What are the great works of modern engineering?Who are key innovators? What are their contributions? What was their experience? What is a radical innovation? How do innovations happen? How has the modern world been transformed by engineering?