1 ENGR. A. I. OKOLO FNSE, FAutoEITECHNICAL ISSUES SURROUNDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICY ENGR. A. I. OKOLO FNSE, FAutoEI AutoEI PUBLIC LECTURE SERIES KADUNA POLYTECHNIC MAY 2017

2 INTRODUCTION With the implementation of the first phase of the policy on the use of speed limiting devices on vehicles plying Nigerian roads all commercial vehicle users and drivers are expected to get the devices fixed on their vehicles as defaulters ‎will have their cars impounded and charged to court for violation. The legal frame work backing the Commission’s implementation and enforcement of speed limiter for all categories of vehicles in Nigeria is stipulated in section 10(3) (m) of the FRSC (Est.) Act, and section 152(4) of National Road Traffic Regulation, 2012. 5/4/2017

3 INTRODUCTION The enforcement of this safety device by FRSC is informed by the fact that records over the years have shown that about 48% 0f road crashes were caused by over speeding Speed limiting devices are part of active safety devices expected to be in modern vehicles and ordinarily should not provoke the kind of controversies that had been thrown up in the past months but for the mandatory enforcement of this device on vehicles plying Nigerian roads. 5/4/2017

4 INTRODUCTION Similar active safety devices as speed limiters include the following: Electronic stability control (ESC) Automatic braking systems Electronic brake-force distribution (EBD) Lane-keeping technology Smart seatbelt reminder Good visibility and/or visibility aids Blind spot warning systems Adaptive cruise control Active headlights Tyre-pressure monitoring systems 5/4/2017

5 INTRODUCTION Car manufacturers go to great effort to make us to feel safe and secure in their vehicles but the reality is that there are fundamental limits to the capacity of a vehicle to protect us in a severe crash. 5/4/2017

6 INTRODUCTION 5/4/2017

7 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYTechnical conditions: For a successful implementation, the policy must take cognizance of the fact that the two different engine technologies used in vehicles require different speed limiter device applications. 5/4/2017

8 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYMechanically Controlled Engines: To realize a speed limiting system on a mechanically controlled engine, an electromechanical speed limiter is used to decouple the driver’s demand from the injection pump in order to limit the maximum speed. In this application, the vehicle must be equipped with a separate speed limiter system. This technology is mostly used in vehicles that do not have an Engine Management System 5/4/2017

9 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYMechanical injection pump Mechanical linkage THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICY Mechanical injection pump Mechanical linkage 5/4/2017

10 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYElectronically Controlled Engines A series of sensors detect how fast you're going, then communicate that information to the engine's computer, which manages nearly all the engine's functions. Once you reach a pre-determined top speed, the computer steps in and restricts the flow of air and fuel to the engine and even the sparks that cause combustion. Either way, you'll be unable to exceed the top speed as determined 5/4/2017

11 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICY5/4/2017 ECU

12 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYINSTALLATION ON VEHICLE Location on Board: Considerations should be given to the ambient of the position where the different components are fixed: water & dust proof, temperature, convenience etc. Calibration SLD Configuration Software Data Retrieval 5/4/2017

13 THE SPEED LIMITING DEVICE POLICYLegal Requirements The successful implementation of a speed limiter policy rests on three major pillars: Technical requirements for speed limiter systems Legal requirements for implementation Testing requirements (vehicle monitoring in traffic) 5/4/2017

14 Graphical Depiction of the Implementation of a Speed Limiter Policy5/4/2017 A SPEED LIMITER POLICY MUST DEFINE Technical Requirements: *System Requirement; *System Approval Legal Requirements: *Vehicle Categories; *Maximum Speed; *Dates (Introduction Time Frame); *Authorization (Workshops) Testing Requirements: *Regular Vehicle Checks; *On-road Monitoring by designated Agencies; *Road Worthiness (Approved Bodies); *Enforcement Manufacturer (of Speed Limiter or Vehicle) must: *Obtain System Approval; *Obtain Authorization from Regulatory Authority to Set Up Workshops; *Educate Workshop Personnel; *Monitor Workshops On-Road and Road Worthiness Checks: *Monitoring Agencies must have data from Manufacturers for checking vehicles on the road; *Approved Bodies need the same information; *Establish Fines

15 ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINSTwhy make new investments on my vehicles to reduce road crashes while the government is not making commensurate investment in highway rehabilitation? To reduce carnage on Nigerian roads, what comes first: Introduction of speed limiting devices on vehicles or Rehabilitation of highways? (the egg & the chick) 5/4/2017

16 ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST“… Speed limiters will not address any of the safety challenges that come with driving on the lower speed roads where most crashes do occur”. Nigerians all seem to agree on the need to reduce drastically road crashes on Nigerian roads. However the bone of contention lies on “who does what” to realize this objective. 5/4/2017

17 ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINSTOne school of thought has it that even within the defined speed limits in the policy, with the deplorable state of Nigerian roads across the country there will be only marginal decrease in the rate of road crashes Another school of thought would rather have the government through its agencies invest in speed limit monitoring infrastructure combined with public advocacy / enlightenment thus removing the burden of citizens retrofitting all their vehicles with speed limiting devices. 5/4/2017

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19 Speed Monitoring DeviceProponents of this approach would wish to see the deployment of a less complex version of spider technology which monitors speed via cameras mounted along highways that communicate with remote servers. 5/4/2017

20 CONCLUSION Supporters of this policy welcome it because of the following under-listed benefits: Better safety by avoiding over-speeding. Preventive rather than reactionary. Reduced strain on engines, thereby increasing the life of engines. Increased Fuel Efficiency. 5/4/2017

21 CONCLUSION Improved Operational Efficiency.Reduced maintenance cost for the vehicle owner(s). Reduced pollution, improving the environment. However for these aspirations to translate to tangible gains to Nigeria and Nigerians, the challenges which were earlier mentioned that are inherent in the policy as it is presently operated must be addressed. 5/4/2017

22 SPEED THRILLS BUT KILLS !!! THANK YOU 5/4/2017