1 ESOE505221: Fluid Mechanics Chao-Lung Ting Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering National Taiwan University Fall 2006

2 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 2 Note to Instructors These slides were developed 1 during the spring semester 2005, as a teaching aid for the undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course (ME33: Fluid Flow) in the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering at Penn State University. This course had two sections, one taught by myself and one taught by Prof. John Cimbala. While we gave common homework and exams, we independently developed lecture notes. This was also the first semester that Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications was used at PSU. My section had 93 students and was held in a classroom with a computer, projector, and blackboard. While slides have been developed for each chapter of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, I used a combination of blackboard and electronic presentation. In the student evaluations of my course, there were both positive and negative comments on the use of electronic presentation. Therefore, these slides should only be integrated into your lectures with careful consideration of your teaching style and course objectives. Eric Paterson Penn State, University Park August 2005 1 These slides were originally prepared using the LaTeX typesetting system (http://www.tug.org/)http://www.tug.org/) and the beamer class (http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/), but were translated to PowerPoint forhttp://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/ wider dissemination by McGraw-Hill.

3 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 3 Time and Location ESOE 505221: Fluid Mechanics Time: 14:20-17:20, W Location: 206 ESOE Building

4 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 4 Instructor and TA Chao-Lung Ting Prof. of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering Fundamental Fluid Dynamics Lab Ph.D., The University of Michigan Research Interests Water waves mechanics Image pattern recognition Yi-Chin Fang Teaching assistant Research interest: Computational Fluid Dynamics

5 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 5 Textbook Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications Yunus Cengal (UNV Reno) and John Cimbala (Penn State) ISBN: 0072472367 Published Jan. 2005 Includes DVD with movies created at PSU by Prof. Gary Settles Available at PSU Bookstore, $135.00 Amazon.com, $132.50 http://mhhe.com/engcs/mech/cengel/

6 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 6 Experimental Fluid Dynamics

7 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 7 Experimental Fluid Dynamics Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 2.PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 3.PRESSURE AND FLUID STATICS 4.FLUID KINEMATICS 5.MASS, BERNOULLI, AND ENERGY EQUATIONS 6.MOMENTUM ANALYSIS OF FLOW SYSTEMS 7.DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODELING 8.FLOW IN PIPES 9.DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW 10.APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATION 11.FLOW OVER BODIES: DRAG AND LIFT 12.COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 13.OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW 14.TURBOMACHINERY 15.INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

8 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 8 Grading Grading Based on Homework: 20% Mid-Term: 25%, 25 % Final: 30% Violation of academic integrity First offense: zero score for the test Second offense: failure of the course

9 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 9 Homework Philosophy One of the best ways to learn something is through practice and repetition Therefore, homework assignments are extremely important in this class! Homework sets will be carefully designed, challenging, and comprehensive. If you study and understand the homework, you should not have to struggle with the exams

10 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 10 Homework Policy Homework is due on Wednesday at the beginning of class. Homework turned in late will receive partial credit according to the following rules: 1.10% off if turned in after class, but before 5:00 on the due date 2.25% off if turned in after 5:00 on the due date, but by 5:00 the next school day 3.50% off if turned in after 5:00 the next school day, but within one week 4.No credit if turned in after one week Exceptions will be made under extreme circumstances. Solutions will be made available within a week after the due date To ease grading, homework submissions MUST follow specified format (see TA)

11 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 11 Motivation for Studying Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics is omnipresent Aerodynamics Bioengineering and biological systems Combustion Energy generation Geology Hydraulics and Hydrology Hydrodynamics Meteorology Ocean and Coastal Engineering Water Resources …numerous other examples… Fluid Mechanics is beautiful

12 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 12 Aerodynamics

13 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 13 Bioengineering

14 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 14 Energy generation

15 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 15 Geology

16 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 16 River Hydraulics

17 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 17 Hydraulic Structures

18 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 18 Hydrodynamics

19 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 19 Meteorology

20 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 20 Water Resources

21 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 21 Fluid Mechanics is Beautiful

22 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 22 Tsunamis Tsunami: Japanese for “Harbour Wave” Created by earthquakes, land slides, volcanoes, asteroids/meteors Pose infrequent but high risk for coastal regions.

23 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 23 Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and apocalyptic events? Most cultures have deep at their core a flood myth in which the great bulk of humanity is destroyed and a few are left to repopulate and repurify the human race. In most of these stories, God is meting out retribution, punishing those who have strayed from his path Were these “local” floods due to a tsunami instead of global events?

24 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 24 Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and apocalyptic events? Scientists now widely accept that the worldwide sequence of mass extinctions at the Cretaceous Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago was directly caused by the collision of an asteroid or comet with Earth. Evidence for this includes the large (200-km diameter) buried impact structure at Chicxulub in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, the worldwide iridium-enriched layer at the K/T boundary, and the tsunamic deposits well inland in North America, all dated to the same epoch as the extinction event.

25 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 25 Tsunamis: role in religion, evolution, and apocalyptic events? La Palma Mega-Tsunami = geologic time bomb? Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts and causes western half of La Palma island to collapse into the Atlantic and send a 1500 ft. tsunami crashing into Eastern coast of U.S.

26 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 26 Methods for Solving Fluid Dynamics Problems Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) Mathematical analysis of governing equations, including exact and approximate solutions. This is the primary focus of ESOE 505221 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Numerical solution of the governing equations Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD) Observation and data acquisition.

27 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 27 Analytical Fluid Dynamics How fast do tsunamis travel in the deep ocean? Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations Linearized wave equation for inviscid, irrotational flow Shallow-water approximation, /h >> 1 For g = 32.2 ft/s 2 and h=10000 ft, c=567 ft/s = 387 miles/hr

28 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 28 Computational Fluid Dynamics In comparison to analytical methods, which are good for providing solutions for simple geometries or behavior for limiting conditions (such as linearized shallow water waves), CFD provides a tool for solving problems with nonlinear physics and complex geometry. Animation by Vasily V. Titov, Tsunami Inundation Mapping Efforts, NOAA/PMEL

29 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 29 Experimental Fluid Dynamics Oregon State University Wave Research Laboratory Model-scale experimental facilities Tsunami Wave Basin Large Wave Flume Dimensional analysis (Chapter 7 of C&C) is very important in designing a model experiment which represents physics of actual problem

30 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 30 Experimental Fluid Dynamics Experiments are sometimes conducted in the field or at full scale For tsunamis, data acquisition is used for warning DART: Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis Primary sensor: Bourdon tube for measuring hydrostatic pressure

31 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 31 Experimental Fluid Dynamics

32 Information and Introduction ESOE 505221 Fluid Mechanics 32 企業老闆最不喜歡用的三種人 笨慢懶 勤快的聰明人 