1 Female Reproductive Cycle Or Menstrual CycleKhulod barqawi Female Reproductive Cycle Or Menstrual Cycle khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

2 Menstrual Cycle The duration of the cycle in average is about 28 daysKhulod barqawi Describes regular and recurrent changes in the anterior pituitary, ovaries and uterine endometrium that are designed to prepare the body for pregnancy. The first day of the menstrual period is accounted as day 1 of the woman’s cycle The duration of the cycle in average is about 28 days The range is 20 to 45 days khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

3 2. Endometrial Cycle 1. Ovarian CycleKhulod barqawi Menstrual Cycle is divided into two main cycles 1. Ovarian Cycle 2. Endometrial Cycle khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

4 Ovarian Cycle 1. Follicular Phase 2.Ovulatory Phase 3.Luteal PhaseKhulod barqawi Ovarian Cycle 1. Follicular Phase 2.Ovulatory Phase 3.Luteal Phase khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

5 Follicular Phase Khulod barqawi It begins with the first day of menstruation and ends day 14 in the 28 days cycle The phase in which the ovum is mature The length of this phase is differ among woman khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

6 Khulod barqawi khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

7 Continued follicular phaseKhulod barqawi This phase results from stimulation of FSH from anterior pituitary as a result of decreased estrogen and progesterone at the end of cycle khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

8 Continued Follicular phaseKhulod barqawi 6 to 12 graafian follicles (containing immature ovum) starting growing Each follicle sent fluid containing high level of estrogen which accelerate maturation of follicles by increasing sensitivity to FSH Finally one follicle mature before others secreting large amount of estrogen which depress FSH to block further maturation of other follicles khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

9 Ovulatory Phase Khulod barqawi About 2 days before ovulation, LH (Lutenizing Hormone ) rises markedly which decreased estrogen and increase progesterone and stimulating release of mature ovum(ovulation) The released ovum is picked up by the fallopian tube for transport to the uterus khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

10 Luteal Phase From ovulation until the end of the cycleKhulod barqawi From ovulation until the end of the cycle After ovulation the corpus luteum is persists for 12 days secreting estrogen and large amount of progesterone to prepare endometrium for implantation khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

11 Continued Luteal phaseKhulod barqawi If the ovum is fertilized ,the corpus luteum will persist and the cycle will not return If the ovum is not fertilized , the corpus luteum will regress and estrogen and progesterone level will decline and the cycle will return again khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

12 Endometrial Cycle 1.Proliferative Phase 2.Secretory PhaseKhulod barqawi Endometrial Cycle 1.Proliferative Phase 2.Secretory Phase 3.Menstrual Phase khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

13 Khulod barqawi Proliferative Phase Take place during the first half of the ovarian cycle as the ovum mature The basal layer of cells that remain in the endomertrium after menstruation will multiply to form new endometrium epethelium and glands Rapid growth of endomterium This occurs under influence of estrogen hormone khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

14 Secretory Phase Occurs during the second half of the ovarian cycleKhulod barqawi Occurs during the second half of the ovarian cycle The endometrium continue to thicken under influence of estrogen and progesterone secreted by corpus luteum The endometrial is reaching its maximum thickness 5 to 6mm Blood vessels and glands become twisted and dilated Thick endomtrium will secrete substances to nourish fertilized ovum khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

15 Menstrual Phase Khulod barqawi If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will regress and estrogen and progesterone will drop Vasospasm will occurs in endometrium blood vessels 2 days before the onset of menstruation result in ischemia and necrosis The necrotic area separates from the basal layer of endometrium results in menstrual blood flow The menstrual phase is about 5 days khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012

16 Khulod barqawi khulod Barqawi, second semestre 2012