1 First aid and safety training for the children in Nyaburi schoolKristiina Aalto Elina Huuskonen Katri Jansson Gun Lindman Rosemary Mayaka

2 Nyaburi integrated primary schoolEstablished in early 1960s, became integrated in 1984 The school is funded by the government of Kenya and also by ADRA and CIDA There are altogether over 600 students: 145 disabled children, 429 healthy children and 101 ECD-students The school has 20 teachers and 13 support staff There is one physiotherapist, who has an assistent There is also a school nurse who visits the school daily

3 The health of the childrenThe children face health challenges such as; cerebral palsy, spina bifida, the deformities of limbs, epilepsy and mental retardation Additionally there are also other health issues such as; malaria, diarrhea, worm infestation, scabies etc. Many of the children in the school have undergone surgery to improve their quality of life

4 Environmental health hazardsThe bumpy pathways in the dormitory and classroom area Stoney playing fields Lack of hygiene at homes during school holidays Prevailing hot weather conditions

5 Positive health factors practicedDespite the challenges faced at Nyaburi intergrated primary school, there are many positive interventions that have been employed in the school such as; Mosquito nets for malaria control High hygiene levels in the school Availability of care givers known as ”mothers” in the boarding facilities High level of nutritional care

6 Literature review and data collection procedureQualitative approach A literature review was done by use of Cinahl scientific database and IFRC. Two qualitative semi-structered interviews was carried out on the headmaster and school physiotherapist and the deputy head mistress and two teachers. Observation of the pupils in the classrooms and school yard. Content analysis was used to review data collected and resorted in six most common topics.

7 Most common topics There were six most common topics mentioned during the interviews and tackled during the training; Epileptic seizures Fainting Small cuts and bleeding Nose bleeding Burns Fractures and dislocation

8 Recovery position during seizures and fainting

9 Cuts and bleeding

10 Nose bleeding

11 Burns

12 Fractures and dislocation

13 Recommendations The following recommendations are based on the literature review results, the interviews and observation. During emergency, never leave the injured alone - inform an adult. In case of unconsciousness after a seizure/fainting – employ recovery position Ensure clean and covered wounds always For nose bleeding pressure on the nose and leaning forward

14 Recommendations continuedTreat burns with cool clean water and dress with clean bandage. For fractures /dislocation immobilize the limb and seek medical advice.

15 References Emergency Medical Services Authority. California Health and Human Services Agency (2013). Emergency First Aid Guidelines for California Schools. Retrieved from emsa.ca.gov IFRC (2016). International first aid and resuscitation guidelines Retrieved from NHS (2015). Nosebleed – Treatment. Retrieved from Phillips, B.D. (2014). Qualitative disaster research – Understanding qualitative research. New York: Oxford University Press.

16 References continued Wafik, W. & Tork, H. (2014). Effctiveness of a first-aid intervention program applied by undergraduate nursing students to preparatory scholl children. Nursing & Health Sciences, 16(1), Doi: WHO World report on child injury prevention. Retrieved from

17 References continued Zideman, D.A., Singletary, E.M., De Buck, E.D.J., Chang, W-T., Jensen, J.L., Swain, J.M., Woodin, J.A., Blanchard, I.E., Herrington, R.A., Pellegrino, J.L., Hood, N.A., Lojero-Wheatley, L.F., Markenson, D.S. & Jun Yang, H., on the behalf of the First Aid Chapter Collaborators, Arnold. L.K., Bradley, R.N., Caracci, B.C., Carlson, J.N., Cassan. P., Chalkias, A.F & et al. (2015). International Consenseus on First Aid Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation (95) e225-e261.