1 Food Chains and Food Webs

2 Autotrophs/ProducersA groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) Autotrophs are also called Producers because they produce all of the food that heterotrophs use Without autotrophs, there would be no life on this planet Ex. Plants and Algae

3 Autotrophs/Producers

4 Autotrophs/ProducersChemotrophs Autotrophs that get their energy from inorganic substances, such as salt Live deep down in the ocean where there is no sunlight Ex. Bacteria and Deep Sea Worms

5 Heterotrophs/ConsumersOrganisms that do not make their own food Another term for Heterotroph is consumer because they consume other organisms in order to live Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms

6 Heterotrophs/Consumers

7 Heterotrophs/Consumers1. Scavengers/Detritivores – feed on the tissue of dead organisms (both plans and animals) Ex. – Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp

8 Heterotrophs/Consumers2. Herbivores – eat ONLY plants Ex. – Cows, Elephants, Giraffes

9 Heterotrophs Consumers 3. Carnivores – eat ONLY meatEx. – Lions, Tigers, Sharks

10 Heterotrophs Consumers 4. Omnivores – eat BOTH plants and animalsEx. – Bears and Humans

11 Heterotrophs Consumers5. Decomposers – absorb any dead material and break it down into simple nutrients or fertilizers Ex. – Bacteria and Mushrooms

12 Transfer of Energy When a zebra eats the grass, it does not obtain all of the energy the grass has (much of it is not eaten) When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as heat)

13 Food Chains The energy flow from one trophic level to the other is know as a food chain A food chain is simple and direct It involves one organism at each trophic level Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers) Secondary Consumers – eat the primary consumers Tertiary Consumers – eat the secondary consumers Decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment

14 Food Chain

15 Food Web

16 Food Web Notice that the direction the arrow points  the arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “what ate what” The arrow indicates “is eaten by”

17 Food Web

18 Marine Food Webs

19 Marine Food Web

20 Forest/Rainforest Webs

21 Forest/Rainforest Web

22 Food Chains