1 for use with Vocabulary Power Plus for the New SATPower Practice for use with Vocabulary Power Plus for the New SAT Book Two 21 Lessons 275 Words

2 Introduction to Vocabulary Words BOOK TWO

3 Table of Contents IntroductionLesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Lesson 11 Lesson 12 Lesson 13 Lesson 14 Lesson 15 Lesson 16 Lesson 17 Lesson 18 Lesson 19 Lesson 20 Lesson 21 3

4 Introduction The first slide provides the vocabulary word. Use this to begin thinking about the definition. Contents

5 Introduction The first click will reveal a context in which the word might be used. Infer the definition of the word by studying its context. Contents

6 A second click provides the definition of the word.Introduction A second click provides the definition of the word. Contents

7 Lesson One Contents

8 v. to tell; to reveal (as a secret)Lesson One divulge The crook was cheered by his friends and booed by the police when he refused to divulge the hideout. v. to tell; to reveal (as a secret) syn: unveil; disclose ant: conceal Contents

9 v. to assist or encourage, especially in wrongdoingLesson One abet The piano accompanist abetted the ridiculous singer on the TV talent show and made her look even worse. v. to assist or encourage, especially in wrongdoing syn: promote; incite ant: impede; dissuade Contents

10 adj. arrogant and stubborn about one’s (often unproven) beliefsLesson One dogmatic Dogmatic politicians who reject their constituents’ views usually get voted out of office. adj. arrogant and stubborn about one’s (often unproven) beliefs syn: dictatorial ant: open-minded Contents

11 adj. lacking flavor; dull; not at all stimulatingLesson One insipid Readers considered the critic’s ideas valuable, but regarded his presentation of them as insipid. adj. lacking flavor; dull; not at all stimulating syn: flat; lifeless ant: challenging Contents

12 adj. inessential; not constituting a vital partLesson One extraneous For a long time, James’s family considered him extraneous, until he won the lottery. adj. inessential; not constituting a vital part syn: irrelevant ant: essential Contents

13 v. to force by using pressure, intimidation, or threatsLesson One coerce The factory manager coerced the striking union members into compliance. v. to force by using pressure, intimidation, or threats syn: compel Contents

14 Lesson One jaundiced Selma had seen too much unfairness and grief in the world and let her outlook become jaundiced. adj. prejudiced; hostile syn: skeptical; cynical ant: believing; trusting Contents

15 Lesson One meticulous Forty years of crafting meticulous jewelry had taken a toll on Remi’s eyes. adj. extremely, sometimes excessively, careful about small details; precise syn: fastidious ant: sloppy Contents

16 n. recklessness; a foolish disregard of dangerLesson One temerity Sondra saw her investment as a necessary business risk, but her critics called it unwarranted temerity that threatened the company. n. recklessness; a foolish disregard of danger syn: audacity ant: prudence Contents

17 adj. sociable; fond of the company of othersLesson One gregarious Marmosets are gregarious monkeys that gather in groups and chatter deafeningly in trees. adj. sociable; fond of the company of others syn: genial; friendly ant: reclusive Contents

18 Lesson Two Contents

19 Lesson Two heresy Tomás de Torquemada, a Spanish inquisitor, punished heresy with torture in the fifteenth century. n. the crime of holding a belief that goes against established doctrine ant: orthodoxy Contents

20 Lesson Two docile According to legend, Norway lemmings are so docile and imitative that they readily follow one another into the sea and drown. adj. easy to teach or manage syn: submissive; compliant ant: unmanageable; willful Contents

21 n. a drink, especially an alcoholic oneLesson Two libation While Sam and Janet enjoyed a social libation or two, Ariadne waited soberly in the car as the designated driver. n. a drink, especially an alcoholic one syn: intoxicant Contents

22 Lesson Two anathema As Rumpelstiltskin tore himself to pieces, he hurled anathema at the queen, who had correctly guessed his name. n. 1. a hated, repellant person or thing 2. a formal curse 1. syn: abhorration; detestation ant: beloved; 2. syn: condemnation ant: blessing; praise Contents

23 Lesson Two banter Most TV sitcoms consist of predictable banter and canned laughter. n. teasing; playful conversation syn: joshing; badinage; raillery ant: vituperation Contents

24 Lesson Two castigate A coach must castigate some stubborn players to gain their attention and help them play better. v. to criticize or punish severely syn: reprimand; chastise; scold ant: praise Contents

25 adj. lacking social graces; tactlessLesson Two gauche In most social circles, drinking out of a finger bowl after a meal is considered gauche. adj. lacking social graces; tactless syn: awkward ant: graceful Contents

26 Lesson Two ignominy The author suffered the ignominy of public shame when the jury found him guilty of plagiarism. n. public shame, disgrace, or dishonor syn: disgrace; infamy ant: renown; eminence; repute Contents

27 Lesson Two motley The biographer had to make sense of a motley collection of his subject’s papers. adj. made up of dissimilar parts; being of many colors syn: varied ant: uniform; homogeneous; similar Contents

28 adj. extremely thin; wasted awayLesson Two emaciated The humane society took in the emaciated Shar Pei and fed it so well that some of the dog’s wrinkles smoothed out. adj. extremely thin; wasted away syn: withered ant: plump; fattened Contents

29 Lesson Three Contents

30 n. greed; desire for wealthLesson Three avarice Consumed by avarice, King Midas wished for the power to turn everything he touched into gold. n. greed; desire for wealth syn: acquisitiveness ant: largesse Contents

31 Lesson Three furtive Their furtive looks revealed their criminal intentions. adj. stealthy; secretive syn: surreptitious; sneaky ant: overt Contents

32 Lesson Three bacchanalianDriven by bacchanalian frivolity, the students parked the professor’s car in the cafeteria. adj. wild and drunken ant: restrained Contents

33 Lesson Three extraditeThe team of agents extradited a high-ranking Nazi from Argentina after World War Two. v. to turn over or deliver to the legal jurisdiction of another government or authority syn: deport Contents

34 adj. numerous; large in quantityLesson Three copious Confronted with the prospect of a difficult exam, Serena took copious notes during class. adj. numerous; large in quantity syn: profuse ant: sparse Contents

35 syn: irritable; ill-temperedLesson Three irascible Ferdinand projected a constantly irascible personality to keep people from bothering him. adj. easily angered syn: irritable; ill-tempered ant: easygoing Contents

36 n. a professional soldier hired by a foreign armyLesson Three mercenary Because its government had never formed an army, the island nation had to employ mercenaries to defend citizens from pirates and raiders. n. a professional soldier hired by a foreign army ant: volunteer Contents

37 n. a strong defense or fort (or one likened to it)Lesson Three bastion Threats of retaliation are typically the last bastion of a falling dictator. n. a strong defense or fort (or one likened to it) syn: stronghold Contents

38 Lesson Three jettison The crew jettisoned the smoldering cargo before it caught fire and brought the entire plane down. v. to cast overboard; to discard syn: deploy; throw away ant: retain Contents

39 v. to banish; to shut out from a group or society by common consentLesson Three ostracize The submarine crew ostracized the sailor they suspected of being a spy. v. to banish; to shut out from a group or society by common consent syn: exile ant: accept Contents

40 Lesson Four Contents

41 Lesson Four bigot Despite having lived a life devoid of achievement, productivity, or honor, the bigot believed he was better than anyone who was not his own color. n. one who is intolerant of differences in others syn: racist; extremist Contents

42 Lesson Four expunge To make herself feel better, Martha expunged all memories of her mistakes. v. to erase or eliminate syn: obliterate ant: add Contents

43 Lesson Four candid After telling so many lies, the politician had a change of heart and decided to be candid. adj. outspoken; blunt syn: frank; direct ant: evasive Contents

44 n. special words or phrases used by a specific group of peopleLesson Four argot In computer argot, a “crash” means the machine has frozen and users cannot get any response from their keyboard or mouse. n. special words or phrases used by a specific group of people syn: jargon Contents

45 n. careless neglect, often resulting in injuryLesson Four negligence Negligence caused Blair to step on his rake and whack himself in the head with the handle. n. careless neglect, often resulting in injury syn: carelessness ant: care; attention Contents

46 v. to calm; to make satisfied (often only temporarily)Lesson Four appease When you appease terrorists, you give them the incentive to repeat their behavior. v. to calm; to make satisfied (often only temporarily) syn: mollify ant: aggravate Contents

47 adj. harsh sounding; gratingLesson Four strident The engineer threw the brake lever forward, and the engine’s steel wheels emitted a strident howl as they froze and slid down the rails amid a shower of sparks. adj. harsh sounding; grating syn: shrill ant: soothing Contents

48 syn: confusion; jumbleLesson Four chaos Somehow, Bertrand thrived on distractive chaos and successfully wrote his term paper while sitting in a noisy bus terminal. n. complete disorder syn: confusion; jumble ant: order; harmony Contents

49 Lesson Four augment Sandra tried to augment her weak performance by foolishly waving her arms. v. to enlarge; to increase in amount or intensity syn: expand; supplement ant: narrow; reduce Contents

50 Lesson Four jingoism Jingoism is less prevalent among people whose children are old enough to go to war. n. extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy Contents

51 Lesson Five Contents

52 Lesson Five rancor A meeting of calm, irascible opponents exploded into unproductive rancor. n. extreme hatred or ill will syn: animosity; enmity ant: amity; sympathy Contents

53 Lesson Five inexorableThe rebels captured after the unsuccessful coup faced inexorable penalties. adj. unrelenting; unavoidable syn: relentless; certain ant: avoidable; preventable Contents

54 Lesson Five extol The advertiser approached the celebrity, hoping she would extol the features and benefits of the product. v. to praise highly syn: exalt; laud ant: chastise Contents

55 Lesson Five clement The clement weather turned ugly with little warning, dropping hailstones as big as boulders. adj. merciful; lenient syn: forbearing; benign ant: malevolent; harsh Contents

56 Lesson Five cliché One person’s cliché is another one’s fresh phrase.n. a worn-out idea or overused expression syn: platitude; banality Contents

57 Lesson Five adamant Bodine remained adamant in his belief, even in the face of harsh criticism. adj. unyielding; firm in opinion syn: stubborn ant: amenable; flexible Contents

58 adj. lacking in self-confidence; shyLesson Five diffident Those who are diffident would be wise to remember that the squeaky wheel gets the grease. adj. lacking in self-confidence; shy syn: timid ant: outgoing Contents

59 Lesson Five opus Many regard Tolstoy’s War and Peace as his magnum opus, his great work. n. a creative work, especially a numbered composition (“opus 3” would be a composer’s third composition; plural: opera) Contents

60 adj. professed but not necessarily trueLesson Five ostensible The ostensible reason for Marie’s good will was charity, but she was really just seeking public approval. adj. professed but not necessarily true syn: supposed ant: actual Contents

61 n. inequality; differenceLesson Five disparity The team’s loss showed the great disparity between sincere effort and successful results. n. inequality; difference syn: gap ant: similarity Contents

62 Lesson Six Contents

63 Lesson Six condone By condoning bad behavior, he encouraged it.v. to forgive or overlook an offense syn: pardon; excuse ant: condemn Contents

64 n. a slight or subtle degree of differenceLesson Six nuance Art appreciation consists in recognizing and valuing a master painter’s nuances of light and shadow. n. a slight or subtle degree of difference syn: gradation; shade Contents

65 Lesson Six connoisseurThe fake connoisseur removed the cork from the bottle of cheap wine, sniffed it knowingly, and pretended to appreciate its complex and saucy bouquet. n. an expert in matters of culture, food, or wine ant: tyro; novice; neophyte Contents

66 n. a mystery; something seemingly inexplicableLesson Six enigma How the thief stole the heavily guarded painting in broad daylight remains an enigma to this day. n. a mystery; something seemingly inexplicable syn: riddle; puzzle Contents

67 Lesson Six apathy Armed only with a flashlight, the security guard found himself consumed by apathy while armed robbers stole items from the warehouse. n. lack of interest; state of not caring syn: indifference ant: interest; eagerness Contents

68 Lesson Six officious Officious people never seem to provide assistance when you really do need it. adj. excessively eager to deliver unasked-for or unwanted help syn: meddlesome; interfering Contents

69 syn: faith; confidenceLesson Six credence Randolph gave so many false accounts of his adventures that people didn’t give him credence on those rare occasions when he told the truth. n. belief or trust syn: faith; confidence ant: disbelief Contents

70 Lesson Six jaunty The mayor was known for his jaunty walk and big cigar. adj. having a buoyant, self-confident air; brisk and crisp syn: confident; poised Contents

71 Lesson Six dilettante A dilettante has knowledge that’s a mile wide and an inch deep. n. one who merely dabbles in an art or a science syn: amateur; trifler ant: expert; professional Contents

72 Do not trust a cult that does whatever its leader says.Lesson Six cult Do not trust a cult that does whatever its leader says. n. an organized group of people with an obsessive devotion to a person or set of principles syn: sect Contents

73 Lesson Seven Contents

74 ant: idealistic; optimisticLesson Seven cynical The cynical reporter assumed there was a government conspiracy behind every major event. adj. doubtful or distrustful of the goodness or sincerity of human motives syn: skeptical ant: idealistic; optimistic Contents

75 Lesson Seven ambivalentYou are confused and ambivalent if you feel strongly both ways. adj. having opposing attitudes or feelings toward a person, thing, or idea; unable to decide syn: uncertain; wavering ant: certain; resolute Contents

76 n. a leader who appeals to citizens’ emotions to obtain powerLesson Seven demagogue The demagogue always appealed to the people’s emotion, but rarely to their rational side. n. a leader who appeals to citizens’ emotions to obtain power syn: rabble-rouser Contents

77 adj. quiet and modest; reservedLesson Seven demure When on the hockey field, Ophelia abandons the demure act and gets rough and crazy. adj. quiet and modest; reserved syn: prim ant: indiscreet Contents

78 adj. without fear; braveLesson Seven intrepid In the movies, lawmen settled the American West with a big, intrepid smile and a bigger gun. adj. without fear; brave syn: bold; fearless ant: cowardly Contents

79 Lesson Seven destituteThe destitute travelers borrowed a little money and stayed at a cheap youth hostel in far-flung Mumbai. adj. extremely poor; lacking necessities like food and shelter syn: impoverished; penniless ant: affluent Contents

80 Lesson Seven erudite Being erudite usually doesn’t mean much if you can’t apply such brilliance in a profession that pays well. adj. scholarly; learned syn: educated ant: unlettered; illiterate Contents

81 Lesson Seven dilemma Wrong if you do and wrong if you don’t is an age-old dilemma. n. a choice between two unpleasant or difficult options Contents

82 Lesson Seven culminationHer book was the culmination of almost three decades of research. n. the highest point of attainment; the end or climax syn: apex ant: nadir Contents

83 v. to be of the same opinion; to agree withLesson Seven concur Jane thought the modern art statue was fascinating and inspiring, but her friends, who thought the object was a waste of taxpayers’ money, did not concur. v. to be of the same opinion; to agree with syn: support; agree ant: dispute; differ Contents

84 Lesson Eight Contents

85 Lesson Eight abate Francesca’s fever abated after she took the medicine. v. to lessen in violence or intensity syn: subside; decrease ant: intensify; increase Contents

86 Lesson Eight decorum After breaking classroom decorum for the third day in a row, Bobby received in-school suspension. n. conformity to accepted standards of conduct; proper behavior syn: propriety ant: inappropriateness Contents

87 Lesson Eight abhor George abhorred his brother’s tendency to badmouth him to friends. v. to detest; to hate strongly syn: despise; loathe ant: love; adore Contents

88 v. to distribute; to give out sparinglyLesson Eight dole The old miser stayed rich because he knew when to dole out money carefully and when to withhold it altogether. v. to distribute; to give out sparingly ant: hoard Contents

89 n. the whole range or extentLesson Eight gamut Faced with a charging velociraptor, Sinbad experienced the full gamut of emotions before he dove into a nearby trash container. n. the whole range or extent Contents

90 Lesson Eight extrovertThe right circumstances transform the most diffident wallflowers into gyrating extroverts. n. one who is outgoing; one who is energized rather than drained by interactions with others ant: introvert Contents

91 adj. amusing in an odd or whimsical wayLesson Eight droll The children dressed in their parent’s business attire made a droll scene. adj. amusing in an odd or whimsical way syn: quaint Contents

92 Lesson Eight duplicityDetermined to win her case with verbal tricks, the lawyer engaged in a rich variety of duplicity. n. intentional deceit in speech or conduct syn: deception ant: straightforwardness Contents

93 n. a crude dummy or image representing a hated person or groupLesson Eight effigy Jerry acted out his aggressions by sticking spiteful pins in a voodoo doll, which was a cartoonish effigy of his boss. n. a crude dummy or image representing a hated person or group Contents

94 Lesson Eight austere After financial negligence led him to bankruptcy, Monty moved into an austere apartment and lived on beans and rice. adj. stern; severe; plain syn: strict; unadorned ant: luxurious; indulgent Contents

95 Lesson Nine Contents

96 v. to strive to be equal to; to imitateLesson Nine emulate To sell more books, the author tried to emulate a more popular writer’s style. v. to strive to be equal to; to imitate syn: copy Contents

97 The last sere and withered leaf drifted down at the end of fall.Lesson Nine sere The last sere and withered leaf drifted down at the end of fall. adj. dry and withered syn: desiccated; arid ant: lush Contents

98 Lesson Nine enhance An ad always tries to enhance the value of a company’s products and services. v. to increase the value or beauty of something syn: improve; heighten ant: diminish; decrease Contents

99 Lesson Nine contrite Selma became weepy and contrite, but only after she got caught. adj. feeling regret for having committed some wrongdoing syn: repentant; remorseful ant: shameless; unrepentant Contents

100 adj. noble; generous in forgiving; free from petty feelings or actsLesson Nine magnanimous Even the most heavily endowed and magnanimous charities must set limits on the funds they can offer deserving groups. adj. noble; generous in forgiving; free from petty feelings or acts syn: generous ant: petty; mean Contents

101 v. to state clearly and distinctly; to pronounceLesson Nine enunciate Bold and decisive leaders must enunciate clearly so orders are understood and obeyed. v. to state clearly and distinctly; to pronounce syn: articulate Contents

102 v. to work with another toward a goalLesson Nine collaborate Celebrities often collaborate with ghostwriters to produce their biographies, but the final products are seldom worth the time. v. to work with another toward a goal syn: cooperate Contents

103 v. to confine; to retain in legal custodyLesson Nine impound The grizzled old dogcatcher chased after, captured, and impounded stray dogs for over 50 years. v. to confine; to retain in legal custody syn: confiscate ant: release Contents

104 Lesson Nine impeccableEven a high wind couldn’t disturb her impeccable, heavily sprayed hair. adj. faultless; without sin or blemish syn: immaculate; faultless; irreproachable ant: fallible; blameworthy Contents

105 syn: conjure up; elicitLesson Nine evoke The Amish horse and buggy evokes a gentle, self-reliant, and slowly vanishing era. v. to summon forth syn: conjure up; elicit Contents

106 Lesson Nine inane The pundit’s inane comments made it obvious that he knew little about the subject. adj. without sense or meaning; silly syn: foolish; insipid ant: significant; meaningful Contents

107 adj. exaggeratedly or insincerely politeLesson Nine unctuous Unctuous attendants were afraid to tell the king that he had no clothes. adj. exaggeratedly or insincerely polite syn: oily ant: genuine; sincere Contents

108 Lesson Nine expatriateThe expatriate was born in America but lived on the island of Palau for more than half of his life. n. someone who chooses to live outside of, or renounce, his or her native country Contents

109 Lesson Nine frowzy Because he had fixed a flat tire in the rain, Dan showed up to work looking frowzy. adj. unkempt syn: slovenly ant: tidy Contents

110 Lesson Nine heinous No matter how heinous the crime, the judge refused to recommend capital punishment for the killer. adj. hatefully or shockingly evil syn: abhorrent; horrid Contents

111 Lesson Ten Contents

112 Lesson Ten expound The teacher asked Veronica if she would expound her sketchy answer. v. to explain in detail; to clarify syn: elaborate ant: muddle; confuse Contents

113 v. to persuade with false promises and flatteryLesson Ten cajole When management failed to browbeat the player into signing a contract, they tried to cajole her. v. to persuade with false promises and flattery syn: coax; wheedle ant: dissuade; deter Contents

114 adj. not easily understood; hard to fathomLesson Ten inscrutable Zen Buddhism is full of inscrutable sayings, including “listen to the sound of one hand clapping.” adj. not easily understood; hard to fathom syn: enigmatic ant: obvious; evident Contents

115 v. to refuse stubbornly or abruptly; to stop short and refuse to go onLesson Ten balk Hearing the eerie screams of the mountain lions, the mule balked and refused to go any farther. v. to refuse stubbornly or abruptly; to stop short and refuse to go on syn: hesitate; object ant: agree; continue Contents

116 n. ill-natured, bitter hostilityLesson Ten acrimony The celebrity couple experienced extreme acrimony in dissolving their three-month marriage. n. ill-natured, bitter hostility syn: animosity ant: friendliness Contents

117 adj. stern and ill-humoredLesson Ten dour The dour old sourpuss skulked around the neighborhood for years until he bought a plush condominium and moved to Florida. adj. stern and ill-humored syn: forbidding ant: pleasant Contents

118 v. to rejoice; to feel triumphantLesson Ten exult Terrell exulted in his touchdown catch with a victory dance in the end zone. v. to rejoice; to feel triumphant syn: celebrate Contents

119 Lesson Ten omniscient The omniscient judge seemed to know every legal precedent. adj. having unlimited knowledge; all-knowing Contents

120 adj. reasonable; capable of being carried outLesson Ten feasible The crook believed his strategy was feasible until the moment he felt the shock of an unseen bank guard’s stun gun. adj. reasonable; capable of being carried out syn: possible; doable ant: unworkable Contents

121 n. a complete, ridiculous failureLesson Ten fiasco The family reunion turned into a fiasco when poor directions caused all the guests to get lost. n. a complete, ridiculous failure syn: disaster ant: success Contents

122 Lesson Ten métier The CEO’s métier was turning around bankrupt companies and making them profitable. n. the work one is especially suited for; one’s specialty; an occupation syn: forte ant: weakness Contents

123 v. to rise and fall; to vary irregularlyLesson Ten fluctuate “Life fluctuates sometimes,” explained the meteorologist after he failed to predict a record snowfall. v. to rise and fall; to vary irregularly syn: waver; vacillate ant: stabilize Contents

124 Lesson Ten harry The professor harried the students into hasty work and avoidable errors. v. to annoy or harass syn: bother; pester ant: soothe Contents

125 adj. disguised; pretending not to be oneselfLesson Ten incognito The prince sometimes wears a disguise, leaves the palace, and mingles among the population incognito to hear what people think of the royal family. adj. disguised; pretending not to be oneself Contents

126 Lesson Ten lethargy During the midnight shift, the sleepy cab driver cited lethargy as the reason he missed the turn for the airport. n. lack of energy; sluggishness syn: torpor; lassitude ant: vigor; vitality Contents

127 Lesson Eleven Contents

128 n. a letter or literary composition in letter formLesson Eleven epistle During his three-year prison sentence, Mike tried to maintain a presence among his family through a series of epistles. n. a letter or literary composition in letter form Contents

129 adj. enthusiastic; extremely interestedLesson Eleven avid Too avid for success, Richard became a professional boxer before he had enough amateur fights. adj. enthusiastic; extremely interested syn: voracious; eager ant: apathetic Contents

130 n. an irritating and persistent personLesson Eleven gadfly By asking the wrong people embarrassing questions, Socrates made himself the gadfly of Athens. n. an irritating and persistent person syn: nuisance; pest Contents

131 Lesson Eleven humilityLearning a lesson in humility gave the arrogant lawyer a more sympathetic perspective on his clients. n. absence of vanity; humbleness syn: modesty ant: vanity; arrogance Contents

132 adj. exhibiting sorrow or painLesson Eleven dolorous So dolorous was the weepy movie that the entire audience received tissues before entering the theater. adj. exhibiting sorrow or pain syn: mournful ant: joyous Contents

133 adj. of huge or extraordinary size and powerLesson Eleven gargantuan A nest of gargantuan ants, turned by atom bombs into giant killing machines, threatens the town of Black Rock. adj. of huge or extraordinary size and power syn: gigantic; huge ant: tiny Contents

134 Lesson Eleven arduous When instructions tell you that assembling a table is easy, be ready for a long and arduous task. adj. difficult; requiring much effort syn: strenuous; laborious ant: easy; unchallenging Contents

135 Lesson Eleven affable The affable, smiley salesman said he never had a bad day in his life. adj. friendly; agreeable; easy to talk to syn: amiable; good-natured ant: disagreeable; irascible Contents

136 adj. pompous or high-flown in speechLesson Eleven grandiloquent Abraham Lincoln avoided grandiloquent presentations and spent hours preparing them to be simple, direct, and eloquent. adj. pompous or high-flown in speech syn: pretentious ant: plain-spoken Contents

137 Lesson Eleven agrarianTo keep farmers from going out of business during hard times, the U.S. government provides agrarian subsidies. adj. concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land syn: agricultural ant: urban; industrial Contents

138 Lesson Eleven grimace The gymnast grimaced in pain as he fell between the parallel bars. n. a facial expression of fear, disapproval, or pain syn: scowl ant: smile Contents

139 Lesson Eleven harangueSometimes, a short-and-sweet warning trumps a windy harangue. n. a long, strongly expressed speech or lecture syn: tirade Contents

140 adj. arousing fear or aweLesson Eleven formidable Goliath was massive and formidable, but David was smart and well-armed. adj. arousing fear or awe syn: intimidating Contents

141 n. a flatterer; one who fawns on others in order to gain favorLesson Eleven sycophant A bunch of sycophants worked their way into the celebrity’s entourage, telling her only what she wanted to hear. n. a flatterer; one who fawns on others in order to gain favor syn: toady ant: contrarian Contents

142 adj. clearly and openly stated; leaving nothing to the imaginationLesson Eleven explicit If you spot Fast Eddie, the pickpocket, give him explicit directions to the nearest police station. adj. clearly and openly stated; leaving nothing to the imagination syn: exact; precise ant: ambiguous; vague Contents

143 Lesson Twelve Contents

144 ant: agreement; harmonyLesson Twelve altercation Over the years, Jay’s Pub grew famous for closing-time altercations and calls. n. a heated argument syn: quarrel; dispute ant: agreement; harmony Contents

145 syn: jargon; argot; cantLesson Twelve lexicon Parroting the street lexicon he just heard, Ray declared he would be giving a shout-out to his homies. n. a dictionary; a specialized vocabulary used in a particular field or place syn: jargon; argot; cant Contents

146 Lesson Twelve hue An inspired painter can reveal the hues and shades of twilight. n. a particular shade of a given color Contents

147 v. to startle into sudden activityLesson Twelve galvanize Since the average voter turnout in the U.S. is about 50%, political parties spend millions trying to galvanize the no-shows into voting mode. v. to startle into sudden activity syn: stimulate ant: enervate Contents

148 Lesson Twelve sanctionThe sergeant failed to recognize and correct the bad behavior and thus appeared to sanction it. n. permission; support Contents

149 n. extreme exaggeration for effect and not meant to be taken literallyLesson Twelve hyperbole “That dessert is to die for,” said Francesca, speaking in hyperbole, which no one took literally. n. extreme exaggeration for effect and not meant to be taken literally ant: understatement Contents

150 Lesson Twelve ominous The professor threatened a pop quiz in ominous tones. adj. threatening; foreboding evil syn: sinister ant: comforting Contents

151 syn: insolence; impudenceLesson Twelve audacity When circumstances called for courage, Shelley added a little audacity to her attitude. n. rude boldness; nerve syn: insolence; impudence ant: decorum Contents

152 v. to demonstrate clearly; to proveLesson Twelve evince René evinced a knowledge of French by speaking fluently to a waiter in the Paris café. v. to demonstrate clearly; to prove syn: manifest Contents

153 Lesson Twelve implacableAs a determined foe, the implacable detective never gave up his search for the kidnapper. adj. unable to be appeased or pacified syn: inflexible; relentless ant: pacified; assuaged Contents

154 Lesson Twelve exhort Marie exhorted her teammates to play harder and then led by example. v. to urge on with stirring words syn: encourage Contents

155 Lesson Twelve incarcerateOfficer José incarcerated the shoplifter but reminded the judge that it was the boy’s first offense. v. to put into prison; to confine syn: imprison; constrain ant: liberate; free Contents

156 Lesson Twelve incisiveThe incisive engineer had a way of seeing past the symptoms and identifying the source of the problem. adj. sharp; keen; cutting straight to the heart of the matter syn: piercing; acute ant: superficial; dull Contents

157 Lesson Twelve expedientToo often, the official emphasized expedient action over ethical results. adj. practical; providing an immediate advantage (especially when serving one’s self-interest) syn: effective ant: feckless Contents

158 Lesson Twelve pertinentFor once, George kept his advice pertinent, without descending into irrelevant, shaggy-dog stories. adj. having to do with the subject at hand; relevant ant: unrelated; extraneous Contents

159 Lesson Thirteen Contents

160 Lesson Thirteen inert The sheriff stepped over the inert body of the victim. adj. unable to act or move; inactive; sluggish syn: dormant; passive ant: dynamic; active Contents

161 v. to get around; to bypassLesson Thirteen circumvent Evasive demagogues know how to circumvent the rules of a civilized society. v. to get around; to bypass syn: avoid Contents

162 Lesson Thirteen clandestineThe clandestine meeting of the city council violated the city’s Sunshine Act, which mandates meetings be open to the public. adj. secret syn: covert; furtive ant: open; aboveboard Contents

163 v. to find not guilty of a fault or crimeLesson Thirteen acquit Since 1972, DNA tests have helped to acquit more than 80 wrongly convicted prisoners in the U.S. v. to find not guilty of a fault or crime syn: absolve ant: convict Contents

164 v. to express strong disapproval ofLesson Thirteen deprecate Alonzo deprecated the relentless use of advertising that encourages people to waste their money on long-shot lotteries. v. to express strong disapproval of syn: deplore ant: approve; praise Contents

165 Lesson Thirteen barristerIn England, a barrister tries a case but does not handle its preparation. n. lawyer (British) Contents

166 Lesson Thirteen adulation Too much adulationconvinces some celebrities that they are experts in areas where they know nothing. n. excessive praise or admiration syn: flattery; adoration ant: derision Contents

167 adj. having to do with the kitchen or cookingLesson Thirteen culinary Famous for his culinary expertise, the chef wept when his soufflé collapsed. adj. having to do with the kitchen or cooking Contents

168 adj. indecent; humorously obsceneLesson Thirteen bawdy The low budget horror films were so bawdy that mainstream theaters refused to show them for fear of offending the audience. adj. indecent; humorously obscene syn: risqué; lewd ant: innocent; clean Contents

169 Lesson Thirteen chastiseThe drill instructor chastised the entire platoon when a single recruit got caught with a jelly donut. v. to punish severely syn: discipline Contents

170 Lesson Thirteen jocoseRight after 9/11, comedians found it difficult to be jocose. adj. joking; humorous syn: witty; funny; playful; jocund ant: serious Contents

171 Lesson Thirteen myriadMarilyn envisioned a myriad of ways to express her love, but the overabundance of choices confused her. n. a very large number adj. too numerous to be counted (n.) syn: host; multitude (a.) syn: countless; innumerable ant: few; limited Contents

172 adj. present, but not active; hiddenLesson Thirteen latent The fitness guru brought out the latent bodybuilder in Samson, who had never before exceeded his weight of ninety pounds. adj. present, but not active; hidden syn: dormant ant: manifest Contents

173 Lesson Thirteen perniciousPernicious anemia is a blood disease that is successfully treated with lifelong injections of vitamins. adj. destructive; deadly syn: malignant; harmful ant: benign Contents

174 Lesson Thirteen frugal The miser claimed to be frugal, but not cheap.adj. thrifty; economical in money matters syn: economical ant: wasteful; profligate Contents

175 Lesson Fourteen Contents

176 Lesson Fourteen levityBrittney indulged in levity, even when seriousness was required. n. lightness of disposition; lack of seriousness syn: frivolity ant: sobriety; somberness Contents

177 n. a practical joke; a trickLesson Fourteen hoax The radio program announced that Martians had landed in New Jersey, but it turned out be a hoax. n. a practical joke; a trick syn: fraud; fake Contents

178 Lesson Fourteen amicableThe diplomat uttered amicable phrases in public, but behind the scenes he was preparing for war. adj. friendly; peaceable syn: agreeable; amiable ant: quarrelsome; warlike Contents

179 adj. aggressively boisterous; stubborn and defiantLesson Fourteen obstreperous Taking over the playing field, obstreperous fans tore up the turf and pulled down the goal posts. adj. aggressively boisterous; stubborn and defiant ant: meek; tractable Contents

180 adj. delighted beyond measureLesson Fourteen enraptured Sunk deeply into his couch, completely at peace, Eric let himself become enraptured by the Haydn symphony. adj. delighted beyond measure syn: ecstatic Contents

181 adj. having to do with marriageLesson Fourteen marital Russell’s marital troubles originated with his unchecked drinking and gambling, neither of which his wife condoned. adj. having to do with marriage syn: wedded ant: single Contents

182 v. to expose oneself to pleasant warmthLesson Fourteen bask At last, exams were over, and Monica basked in the warm glow of success. v. to expose oneself to pleasant warmth Contents

183 A genial hostess happily anticipates his or her guests’ every need.Lesson Fourteen genial A genial hostess happily anticipates his or her guests’ every need. adj. friendly; amiable syn: cordial ant: unfriendly Contents

184 n. one who pretends to have knowledge in order to swindle othersLesson Fourteen charlatan The phrenologist was a jaunty charlatan, claiming to know the subject’s personality from the bumps on his head. n. one who pretends to have knowledge in order to swindle others syn: quack; fraud ant: professional Contents

185 adj. commonplace; earthly and not spiritualLesson Fourteen mundane In the hands of a skilled horror-movie director, mundane events abruptly morph into unexpected fright shows. adj. commonplace; earthly and not spiritual syn: boring ant: unique Contents

186 Lesson Fourteen fickle“I’m not fickle—just picky,” explained Vera, as she dumped her second boyfriend in as many weeks. adj. likely to change on a whim or without apparent reason syn: vacillating; capricious ant: steadfast Contents

187 n. a terrible destructive or irresistible forceLesson Fourteen juggernaut They were merely helpless victims, crushed under the weight of the unstoppable juggernaut. n. a terrible destructive or irresistible force Contents

188 Lesson Fourteen naïve The stock market, with its dangers of sudden loss, is no place for naïve amateurs. adj. simple in outlook; not affected or worldly; especially innocent syn: unsophisticated; unsuspecting ant: sophisticated; cunning Contents

189 adj. having to do with the night; occurring at nightLesson Fourteen nocturnal If you dislike moths and other large flying insects, be grateful for the nightjar, a nocturnal bird that feasts on them. adj. having to do with the night; occurring at night ant: diurnal Contents

190 n. a beginner; one who is inexperiencedLesson Fourteen novice A sensitive and knowledgeable mentor can provide a novice with insight and inspiration. n. a beginner; one who is inexperienced syn: apprentice; tyro ant: master Contents

191 Lesson Fifteen Contents

192 Lesson Fifteen noxiousThe common garden toad is an uncommon destroyer of noxious insects. adj. harmful to the health syn: injurious ant: harmless Contents

193 v. to cooperate secretly in wrongdoingLesson Fifteen connive The politician connived with a computer geek to hack into an electronic voting machine and alter the count. v. to cooperate secretly in wrongdoing syn: conspire Contents

194 syn: brazenness; effronteryLesson Fifteen chutzpah In a demonstration of chutzpah, the man butted into the front of the long line. n. nerve; audacity syn: brazenness; effrontery ant: timidity Contents

195 Lesson Fifteen liege Over the years, Robin Hood had developed a major attitude toward his haughty liege, King John. n. a lord, master, or sovereign syn: king ant: commoner; servant Contents

196 Lesson Fifteen odium At the party, Romi and Kendra looked at each other in icy silence, their odium all too obvious. n. hatred syn: abhorrence ant: love; adoration Contents

197 His crass behavior kept John from advancing in the company.Lesson Fifteen crass His crass behavior kept John from advancing in the company. adj. coarse; tasteless syn: crude ant: refined Contents

198 adj. overcritical; too severe in judgmentLesson Fifteen hypercritical So hypercritical was the connoisseur that she acted as if nothing could please her. adj. overcritical; too severe in judgment syn: faultfinding ant: lax Contents

199 n. a mistaken notion; a misconceptionLesson Fifteen fallacy Though it is a logical fallacy to attack one’s opponent instead of his argument, the tactic often works. n. a mistaken notion; a misconception ant: truth Contents

200 Lesson Fifteen complacentThe center got complacent, got fat, and, consequently, got thrown off the team. adj. self-satisfied; smug syn: assured; confident ant: humble Contents

201 Lesson Fifteen befuddleLittle Zoie liked to befuddle herself, spinning around like a top and falling over the dog in the family room. v. to confuse; to perplex syn: bewilder; fluster ant: clarify; elucidate Contents

202 Lesson Fifteen pandemoniumThe referee penalized the home team, and pandemonium broke out in the stands. n. a wild disorder, noise, or confusion syn: chaos; tumult; din ant: order; calm Contents

203 adj. excessively thrifty; stingyLesson Fifteen parsimonious The children gave their parsimonious father a lump of coal for Christmas. adj. excessively thrifty; stingy syn: cheap; frugal ant: extravagant Contents

204 Lesson Fifteen verboseIn the Department of Redundancy Department, management always rewards verbose employees. adj. using more words than are needed; wordy syn: prolix ant: terse; concise; succinct Contents

205 adj. worthy of praise; commendableLesson Fifteen laudable The mayor honored laudable efforts, but never falsely praised half-hearted ones. adj. worthy of praise; commendable syn: admirable ant: execrable Contents

206 adj. not wise or judicious; imprudent, as in speech or actionLesson Fifteen indiscreet Temperamental Griselda often rewarded indiscreet remarks with a fist to the nose. adj. not wise or judicious; imprudent, as in speech or action syn: flagrant ant: prudent Contents

207 Lesson Sixteen Contents

208 Lesson Sixteen pique Out-of-state lottery winners always piqued the local players. v. to cause resentment; to provoke syn: irritate ant: assuage Contents

209 Lesson Sixteen linguisticsSimply by hearing you speak, the linguistics expert can tell not only which state you’re from, but also which part of the state. n. the scientific study of the structure, sounds, and meaning of language Contents

210 Lesson Sixteen plebeianIn ancient Rome, the patrician class lorded over the lower ranks of plebeians. n. a commoner; one from the lower class; adj. common or vulgar (n.) syn: peon; peasant ant: liege (a.) syn: base; lowly ant: refined; aristocratic Contents

211 Lesson Sixteen precociousSo precocious was Elvira that she attended college at the age of ten. adj. showing early development, especially mental syn: advanced Contents

212 Lesson Sixteen predatoryFamous for their predatory instincts, eagles have been known to swoop down and carry off deer in their talons. adj. inclined to prey on others syn: pillaging; despoiling ant: nurturing Contents

213 Lesson Sixteen prowessThe college was criticized for honoring athletic prowess more than academic excellence. n. superior skill or ability syn: strength; dominance; power ant: weakness Contents

214 Lesson Sixteen pugnaciousWhen angered, the meek accountant turned into a pugnacious avenger. adj. eager and ready to fight; quarrelsome syn: combative; belligerent ant: placid; pacific Contents

215 Lesson Sixteen purloinAfter navigating the museum’s laser, infrared, and microwave detection alarms, the master thief purloined the ancient statuette. v. to steal syn: burglarize Contents

216 syn: fainthearted; timidLesson Sixteen pusillanimous The pusillanimous explorer left his wounded friend on the mountain and spent the night at a Swiss chalet. adj. cowardly; fearful syn: fainthearted; timid ant: brave; bold Contents

217 v. to put an end to; to allay or quietLesson Sixteen quell Two cowhands were not enough to quell the cattle stampede through the strip mall. v. to put an end to; to allay or quiet syn: calm ant: foment; incite Contents

218 Lesson Sixteen quixotic Success often starts with quixotic dreams.adj. very idealistic; impractical; caught up in romantic notions ant: realistic; practical Contents

219 Lesson Sixteen rabble One gunshot transformed the quiet crowd into a dangerous rabble. n. a disorderly crowd, a mob syn: riffraff Contents

220 syn: uncontrollable; fervidLesson Sixteen rabid The vigilante didn’t end his rabid trail of vengeance until he had dispatched all the criminals responsible for the death of his family. adj. raging; fanatical syn: uncontrollable; fervid ant: placid Contents

221 n. a person skilled at telling storiesLesson Sixteen raconteur Sitting by the campfire, the raconteur held his audience spellbound with his repertoire of ghost stories. n. a person skilled at telling stories Contents

222 adj. seeking revenge; bearing a grudgeLesson Sixteen vindictive Known for her vindictive tendencies, Joanne never got mad when getting even was better. adj. seeking revenge; bearing a grudge syn: vengeful ant: forgiving Contents

223 Lesson Seventeen Contents

224 Lesson Seventeen circumspectAfter two hours of circumspect bargaining, the trapper received permission from the native chieftain to pass through the region. adj. careful; heedful; attentive to all points syn: judicious; prudent ant: rash; foolhardy Contents

225 n. a gentle breeze (sometimes specifically the West Wind)Lesson Seventeen zephyr Finally, the gale subsided, and a comforting zephyr gently touched our faces. n. a gentle breeze (sometimes specifically the West Wind) ant: gale Contents

226 Lesson Seventeen renegadeThe soldiers became renegades when they decided to steal the gold their platoon had been ordered to protect. n. one who deserts one side in favor of another; traitor; outlaw syn: turncoat; defector ant: loyalist Contents

227 n. something justly deserved, especially a punishmentLesson Seventeen retribution Knowing that retribution on behalf of the victim’s family was possible, the police were forced to keep the suspect in protective custody until his arraignment. n. something justly deserved, especially a punishment syn: reprisal ant: reward Contents

228 v. to move or to fling swiftly and with great forceLesson Seventeen hurtle The giant boulder hurtled down the slope, threatening the lives of the mountain climbers. v. to move or to fling swiftly and with great force syn: hurl Contents

229 Lesson Seventeen scourgeWorld War One grew into a global scourge, claiming ten million lives over four years of futile trench fighting. n. a person or thing that causes great trouble or misfortune syn: torment; bane; curse ant: boon; blessing Contents

230 adj. biting; stingingly sharp or sarcasticLesson Seventeen caustic After a lifetime of making caustic remarks, Sandy transformed herself into a kinder, gentler friend. adj. biting; stingingly sharp or sarcastic syn: acidic; harsh ant: mild; pleasant Contents

231 Lesson Seventeen taciturnThe taciturn monk rarely spoke, but he spoke with eloquence when he did. adj. not fond of talking; usually silent syn: reticent; reserved ant: garrulous; loquacious; talkative Contents

232 Lesson Seventeen agnosticUnable to believe that the universe simply began spontaneously, the agnostic refused to reject the possibility that God exists. n. one who believes that the existence of God can neither be proved nor disproved syn: skeptic ant: believer Contents

233 Lesson Seventeen terseAt his press conferences, the football coach uttered a series of terse statements that explained nothing. adj. brief and to the point syn: abbreviated; curt ant: verbose; rambling Contents

234 Lesson Seventeen uncannyOn the horizon Selma saw an uncanny cluster of glowing spheres. adj. weird; strange; so keen or acute as to seem bizarre syn: eerie Contents

235 n. a mass departure or emigrationLesson Seventeen exodus The famous Old Testament exodus saw Moses leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt to the Promised Land. n. a mass departure or emigration ant: return Contents

236 adj. remorseful; sorry for having done wrongLesson Seventeen penitent Some convicts get all penitent and teary just before their parole board hearings. adj. remorseful; sorry for having done wrong syn: apologetic ant: unrepentant Contents

237 Lesson Seventeen vindicate“History will vindicate me,” said the desperate dictator. v. to clear of suspicion or accusations syn: exonerate; acquit ant: besmirch; implicate Contents

238 n. good-humored ridicule or teasingLesson Seventeen raillery When pleasant raillery became angry heckling, the comedian abruptly left the stage. n. good-humored ridicule or teasing syn: banter Contents

239 Lesson Eighteen Contents

240 adj. not able to be conquered; impenetrableLesson Eighteen impregnable Experts thought the hull of the Titanic was impregnable until an iceberg tore holes in it and sank the ship in the North Atlantic. adj. not able to be conquered; impenetrable syn: unbeatable ant: vulnerable Contents

241 n. an intense dislike or fear of strangers or foreignersLesson Eighteen xenophobia He attributed his unwillingness to meet new people to a mild case of xenophobia. n. an intense dislike or fear of strangers or foreigners Contents

242 ant: extrinsic; extraneousLesson Eighteen inherent The defects were inherent in the design of the building, and, to almost no one’s surprise, it finally collapsed. adj. essential syn: intrinsic ant: extrinsic; extraneous Contents

243 Lesson Eighteen irreverentThe writer’s irreverent criticism drew the ire of the king, and resulted in her imprisonment. adj. disrespectful syn: insubordinate ant: worshipful Contents

244 Lesson Eighteen subjugateGertrude’s performance was subjugated by her nervousness. v. to dominate, conquer, or bring under control ant: free Contents

245 Lesson Eighteen expediteElection workers hoped the new electronic voting machines would expedite the tabulation of results. v. to increase the rate of progress syn: hurry; hasten; streamline ant: retard; hinder Contents

246 Lesson Eighteen filibusterA faction in the Senate filibustered to defeat a bill that would build a costly bridge to a deserted island. v. to attempt to block a bill from becoming law by speaking at length against it syn: derail Contents

247 Lesson Eighteen pristineCharles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands and was astonished at their pristine flora and fauna, which had been largely untouched by man. adj. pure; completely clean and uncontaminated syn: pure ant: defiled; spoiled; sullied Contents

248 adj. full of meaning; concise syn: succinctLesson Eighteen pithy Harold’s pithy goodbye speech took only a minute, but brought his guests to tears. adj. full of meaning; concise syn: succinct ant: verbose Contents

249 n. an insult or abuse in speechLesson Eighteen invective The strange meeting began with deafening invective and ended in embarrassed silence. n. an insult or abuse in speech syn: reproach ant: praise Contents

250 Lesson Eighteen prodigalOvercoming his own bitter feelings, the father welcomed the prodigal son home. adj. reckless, wasteful, and extravagant syn: wastrel; libertine ant: prudent Contents

251 adj. easily bent or flexibleLesson Eighteen pliable The general looked tough and unyielding, but he used pliable strategies to achieve great success on the battlefield. adj. easily bent or flexible ant: rigid Contents

252 Lesson Eighteen torpidWhile some creatures grow torpid in winter, snow fleas jump wildly about on snow during warm winter days. adj. losing motion, feeling, or power; lacking in energy syn: apathetic; lethargic ant: energetic Contents

253 Lesson Eighteen tenuousSo dramatic was the speaker’s presentation that almost no one noticed how tenuous it was. adj. not dense or thick; having little substance syn: thin; unconvincing; fragile ant: strong; cogent Contents

254 adj. being in disagreementLesson Eighteen discordant The little girl clapped her hands over her ears when she heard her parents’ discordant arguing. adj. being in disagreement syn: conflicting ant: harmonious Contents

255 Lesson Nineteen Contents

256 Lesson Nineteen mellifluousJane’s mellifluous tones flowed like honey and soothed John’s bruised ego. adj. having a rich, smoothly flowing sound syn: harmonious ant: strident; discordant Contents

257 Lesson Nineteen epicureanCertain epicurean diners don’t just eat to live—they live to eat. adj. taking pleasure in food and drink syn: hedonistic; gourmet Contents

258 n. the complete work of an artist, composer, or writerLesson Nineteen Oeuvre Esmé’s latest novel does justice to the excellence of her extensive oeuvre. n. the complete work of an artist, composer, or writer syn: canon Contents

259 n. a person with the ability to resolve a disagreement; a judgeLesson Nineteen arbiter Because he was unbiased, Milton acquired the role of arbiter during discussions of good and bad taste among his coworkers. n. a person with the ability to resolve a disagreement; a judge Contents

260 adj. fresh and green, referring to plant lifeLesson Nineteen verdant Strolling dreamily through a verdant woods, the hiker failed to see the bear trap waiting to snap him back to reality. adj. fresh and green, referring to plant life syn: lush ant: arid; sere Contents

261 n. unpredictable action or behaviorLesson Nineteen vagary Mathematicians have little tolerance for vagaries in their exact science of numbers. n. unpredictable action or behavior syn: whim; caprice Contents

262 Lesson Nineteen vacuousThe explosion was the result of a vacuous soldier who had used a torch to illuminate the interior of the gunpowder magazine. adj. lacking intelligence syn: empty-headed ant: brilliant; shrewd Contents

263 Lesson Nineteen attritionIn the war of attrition, each side tried to wear the other out with constant volleys of artillery shells. n. a wearing down over time syn: erosion ant: buildup; accretion Contents

264 n. a prototype or original modelLesson Nineteen archetype The first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary became the archetype of lexicographical scholarship. n. a prototype or original model syn: model ant: product Contents

265 Lesson Nineteen approbationAfter facing hypercritical colleagues, the science writer had to seek the approbation of her boss’s wife. n. formal approval of an act syn: authorization ant: disapproval; opprobrium Contents

266 v. to grow, expand, or bloomLesson Nineteen burgeon Maria hit the lottery, and then the number of her needy relatives began to burgeon. v. to grow, expand, or bloom syn: swell ant: shrink; diminish Contents

267 Lesson Nineteen commensurateEric deserved a small round of applause commensurate with his tiny talent. adj. an equal measure; corresponding in size and measurement syn: equivalent; comparable ant: unequal Contents

268 Lesson Nineteen confluenceThe city was an ancient confluence of several cultures, and its language comprised elements from each of the groups who lived there. n. a meeting or gathering together syn: convergence; concourse ant: divergence Contents

269 n. a surprising, brilliant, and usually successful actLesson Nineteen coup The producer’s theatrical coup defied trends in show business, yet boasted record box-office hits. n. a surprising, brilliant, and usually successful act syn: plot Contents

270 adj. not spiritual or religious; worldlyLesson Nineteen secular Abandoning spiritual values, the worldly society celebrated secular pleasures. adj. not spiritual or religious; worldly syn: earthly ant: religious Contents

271 Lesson Twenty Contents

272 adj. not concerned; free from careLesson Twenty insouciant No matter how serious the situation, Rebecca retained her insouciant demeanor. adj. not concerned; free from care syn: nonchalant ant: worried Contents

273 adj. without force or movement; stationaryLesson Twenty static The government’s static policy had no provision for the latest unforeseen disaster. adj. without force or movement; stationary syn: immobile; inert ant: dynamic Contents

274 v. to specify a required part of an agreementLesson Twenty stipulate The insurance company stipulated a date of payment and a price which left Kermit in a state of denial. v. to specify a required part of an agreement syn: require Contents

275 n. the general spirit of the timeLesson Twenty zeitgeist Reflecting the zeitgeist of the 1980s, the Wall Street yuppie declared that greed was good. n. the general spirit of the time Contents

276 Lesson Twenty proliferateRats proliferated in the city so much that they chased the cats away. v. to grow or reproduce rapidly syn: multiply ant: diminish Contents

277 Lesson Twenty tenet When the public ceased to approve of his tenets, the politician abandoned them. n. a belief or principle held to be true syn: cornerstone; creed Contents

278 v. to think deeply or repeatedlyLesson Twenty ruminate Jim ruminated on his decision for years, never completely sure that he had chosen the right path. v. to think deeply or repeatedly syn: ponder; reflect Contents

279 adj. alert at all times; watchfulLesson Twenty vigilant The vigilant sentry turned his spotlight on when he heard crackling leaves on the other side of the perimeter fence. adj. alert at all times; watchful syn: alert ant: oblivious Contents

280 n. someone who disagreesLesson Twenty dissident The single dissident who objected to the new walking trail claimed the path would detract from the park’s natural surroundings. n. someone who disagrees syn: renegade ant: supporter Contents

281 Lesson Twenty petulantMonica stamped her foot and stormed off in a petulant snit. adj. rude in speech or behavior; peevish syn: contemptuous ant: original Contents

282 Lesson Twenty derivativeCritics asserted that the core concept in his essay was merely a derivative from a far superior, earlier writer. n. not the original; coming from another source syn: offspring; branch Contents

283 Lesson Twenty accoladeAccolades drifted down like falling blossoms on the blushing hero. n. an award or honor syn: kudos; recognition ant: opprobrium Contents

284 v. to disapprove or to take exceptionLesson Twenty demur Even though his friends pressed him to go to the mall, Colton demurred and returned to his homework. v. to disapprove or to take exception syn: object; disagree ant: agree; acquiesce Contents

285 adj. transparent; clearLesson Twenty limpid The limpid lake waters provided a stark contrast to the turbid drainage pond behind his house. adj. transparent; clear ant: murky Contents

286 Lesson Twenty invidiousThe corrupt senator repeatedly made invidious comparisons between his own record and that of his opponent. adj. tending to cause discontent, harm, or resentment; offensively unfair syn: malicious ant: conciliatory Contents

287 Lesson Twenty-One Contents

288 Lesson Twenty-One augustThough German bombing shattered buildings around it, London’s august St. Paul’s Cathedral survived. adj. marked by grandeur and awe syn: regal; magnificent ant: pedestrian; common Contents

289 adj. subsidiary; providing assistanceLesson Twenty-One ancillary Helene excelled at delegating ancillary people to do the heavy lifting for her. adj. subsidiary; providing assistance Contents

290 n. an outward likeness in form or appearanceLesson Twenty-One semblance Years passed and the aging athlete’s performance became a semblance of its former self. n. an outward likeness in form or appearance syn: similarity; copy Contents

291 Lesson Twenty-One autodidactLike some autodidacts, Ivan acquired profound knowledge in odd areas like water taxi driving and rope dancing. n. a self-taught person syn: self-made Contents

292 adj. exhibiting poor judgment or intelligenceLesson Twenty-One asinine For a while Kyle seemed normal until he exploded into a fit of asinine behavior. adj. exhibiting poor judgment or intelligence syn: foolish; boorish ant: sagacious Contents

293 conj. although; even thoughLesson Twenty-One albeit Sandi won the match, albeit in the face of cheating accusations by her opponent. conj. although; even though Contents

294 n. a means by which something is transmittedLesson Twenty-One conduit The waterfront bar became a conduit for drug trafficking and weapons smuggling. n. a means by which something is transmitted syn: channel Contents

295 n. one who collects stampsLesson Twenty-One philatelist Every serious philatelist knows the first two United States stamps were issued in 1847. n. one who collects stamps Contents

296 adj. tireless; incapable of being fatiguedLesson Twenty-One indefatigable The indefatigable boxer wore down his opponent and finally won the fight. adj. tireless; incapable of being fatigued ant: exhausted Contents

297 n. one who suffers or sacrifices for a causeLesson Twenty-One martyr Whenever Mrs. Kelley confronted her son with chores, he assumed the look of a suffering martyr. n. one who suffers or sacrifices for a cause Contents

298 Lesson Twenty-One indiscretionSam forgave others’ indiscretions as long as they didn’t affect him. n. a minor misdeed syn: peccadillo; transgression Contents

299 n. a gradual, often unconscious, process of absorptionLesson Twenty-One osmosis Most people adopt rules of etiquette through a kind of cultural osmosis. n. a gradual, often unconscious, process of absorption Contents

300 adj. of very little value; trivialLesson Twenty-One picayune John focused on important matters, ignored the picayune, and thus accelerated his advancement in life. adj. of very little value; trivial syn: worthless; cheap ant: valuable Contents

301 n. a file of detailed information on a person or subjectLesson Twenty-One dossier When considering someone for a loan, successful banks look carefully at the applicant’s credit dossier. n. a file of detailed information on a person or subject syn: record Contents

302 n. a command or urgent requestLesson Twenty-One behest Forsaking his usual flippant attitude, Private Ripper took General Turgidson’s behest very seriously. n. a command or urgent request syn: demand Contents