1
2
3
4 Frog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - VertebratesObjective: To compare the anatomy of a frog with that of the human body Bell work: Complete a Venn Diagram that details the similarities and differences between frogs and Homo sapiens: Frogs Homo sapiens Amphibian Mammal Lays Eggs Vertebrate Live birth External Fertilization Internal Fertilization Share several system commonalities: nervous, respiratory, circulatory, etc. Metamorphosis Young resemble adult form Red blood cells have a nucleus Red blood cells lack nucleus Has common exit (cloaca) for reproduction & waste Has separate exits for reproduction & waste 3-chambered heart 4-chambered heart Breath through skin & lungs Breath using lungs © Getting Nerdy, LLC
5 Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Creating the Frog ScienstructableFrog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Creating the Frog Scienstructable What You Do: Want to get a hands-on feel for the frog? Let’s construct a three-dimensional frog. This is called a “scienstructable”… a constructable, instructable, tangible science model! First, complete your table on your worksheet, identifying the 38 organs of the frog we’ll be exploring, and the colors we will use to create our scienstructable. Use the information on the following slides to fill in your chart. © Getting Nerdy, LLC
6 Tympanum/Tympanic Membrane Retractor bulbi muscleNumber Organ Color 1 External Nares Black 2 Internal Nares 3 Tympanum/Tympanic Membrane Light Green 4 Eustachian Tubes 5 Vomerine Teeth White 6 Maxillary Teeth 7 Mandible 8 Tongue Pink 9 Glottis Purple 10 Nictitating Membrane 11 Retractor bulbi muscle Red 12 Esophagus Green 13 Stomach 14 Small Intestine 15 Rectum 16 Cloaca 17 Pancreas Yellow 18 Spleen 19 Liver Brown On your paper, write the name of the organ and color the corresponding box the color indicated. These will be the colors you will color each organ on your frog scienstructable. Here are the first 19…
7 Nuptial Pad (males only)Number Organ Color 20 Gall Bladder Green 21 Kidneys Brown 22 Bladder Yellow 23 Lungs Purple 24 Heart (24L, 24R, and 24V) Red 25 Common Femoral Artery 26 Common Femoral Vein Blue 27 Sartorius 28 Gracilis major 29 Teste (male) 30 Ovary (female) 31 Eggs (female) Black & White 32 Fat Bodies Orange 33 Nuptial Pad (males only) Light Green 34 Spine White 35 Brain Gray 36 Rectus abdominus 37 Pectoralis 38 Obliquus externus Here are the remaining 19 organs. Be sure to color the box with the appropriate color!
8 Frog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - VertebratesCreating the Frog Scienstructable What You Do: Once you have completed your key, begin the reading to determine what all of these organs do – many of them have the same function as human beings! Remember to use good reading strategies as you read. On your paper, write the function of each organ in the appropriate column. For example: Number Organ Color Function 1 External Nares Black External nostrils used for breathing when mouth is closed 2 Internal Nares … dirty gerdy smelly mellie gnllc
9 Check your work! Number Organ Function 1 External NaresExternal nostrils used for breathing when mouth is closed 2 Internal Nares Internal nostrils used for breathing when mouth is closed 3 Tympanic Membrane External eardrum used to sense vibrations for hearing 4 Eustachian Tubes Opening to tympanum, equalizes pressure in inner ear 5 Vomerine Teeth Cone teeth used to grasp prey 6 Maxillary Teeth Cone teeth located on upper jaw, helps to grasp prey 7 Mandible Lower jaw, helps to grasp prey 8 Tongue Muscle used to grasp food 9 Glottis Slit in base of mouth leading to the trachea 10 Nictitating Membrane 3rd eyelid - covers eye for protection during swimming & eating 11 Retractor bulbi muscle Used to help push food into esophagus 12 Esophagus Tube that carries food from mouth to stomach 13 Stomach Breaks down and stores food 14 Small Intestine Responsible for most chemical digestion 15 Rectum Stores solid waste until excreted from body 16 Cloaca Common exit for feces, urine, sperm and egg 17 Pancreas Makes insulin to aid in digestion 18 Spleen Stores and filters red blood cells 19 Liver Makes bile to aid in the digestion of fat Check your work!
10 Check your work! Number Organ Function 20 Gall BladderStores bile made by the liver 21 Kidneys Filters blood of waste 22 Bladder Stores urine 23 Lungs Works in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide 24 Heart Left and Right atria (receive blood) & Ventricle (pumps blood) 25 Common Femoral Artery Carries oxygenated blood from heart to lower part of leg 26 Common Femoral Vein Carries deoxygenated blood from lower part of leg to heart 27 Sartorius Used in jumping and movement 28 Gracilis major 29 Teste (male) Responsible for making sperm 30 Ovary (female) Responsible for making eggs 31 Eggs (female) Reproductive cell 32 Fat Bodies Food reserve for hibernation/mating 33 Nuptial Pad (males only) Used for grasping female during amplexus 34 Spine Vertebrae support frog skeletal system, protect spinal cord 35 Brain Responsible for controlling frog’s activities and body functions 36 Rectus abdominus Muscles that aid in movement 37 Pectoralis 38 Obliquus externus Check your work!
11 Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Creating the Frog ScienstructableFrog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Creating the Frog Scienstructable What You’ll need to create your model: Colored frog template Scissors Colored pencils Small amount of glue or a glue stick Construction paper What You Do: Now it’s time to color your frog! Color the organs according to your key. You can color the outside of the frog’s body various shades of: GREEN, YELLOW, BROWN & CREAM © Getting Nerdy, LLC
12 Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog ScienstructableFrog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog Scienstructable What You Do: CAREFULLY cut out your frog and organs - no jagged edges! DO NOT cut off the tabs as you will use these to assemble your frog Glue your Scienstructable Key and Function sheet to one side of your construction paper, placing glue on the strip that says “GLUE HERE” on your paper. You should be able to read both sides of your sheet. © Getting Nerdy, LLC
13 Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog ScienstructableFrog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog Scienstructable What You Do: Paste the back of the head on the BACK SIDE of your frog’s head – not over the internal structures On the other side of your construction paper, paste down your cut out frog body, leaving the top of the head unglued. You should be able to lift the head to see the eyes, nares, and tympanic membranes once your frog is secured to the paper © Getting Nerdy, LLC
14 Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog ScienstructableFrog Dissection: Comparing Anatomy - Vertebrates Assembling the Frog Scienstructable For all organs to be pasted down, you will apply glue to each tab and match up the lettered tabs as follows: 1. Choose the sex of your frog. If you choose MALE, paste down the TESTES by tab A1 to A on the frog body. Find the the NUPTIAL PAD and glue it by tab P to P on the hand. If FEMALE, paste down the EGGS/OVARIES by tab A1 to A. You will NOT add the nuptial pad to the hand for the female. © Getting Nerdy, LLC
15 Attach the KIDNEYS by tab B to B on the frog body Attach the DIGESTIVE system by tab C1 to C on the frog body Attach the BLADDER by tab A2 to A1 on the frog body Attach the LUNGS by tab D to D on the frog body Attach the LIVER by tab C2 to C1 on the frog body Attach the HEART by tab E to E on the frog body. © Getting Nerdy, LLC
16 Attach the MANDIBLE by tabs G to G on the frog body Attach the SARTORIUS and GRACILIS MAJOR by tabs F to F on the frog body Attach the MANDIBLE by tabs G to G on the frog body Cut the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES in half along the solid black line through the center. Place a small amount of glue along the outside of the UPPER LEGS ONLY. Paste each half down on the frog, aligning it with the frog body. Complete the same process ABOVE with the frog BELLY. Apply paste on the UPPER LEGS ONLY and align over the top of the ABDOMINAL MUSCLES so that you can lift the skin to reveal the muscles underneath. © Getting Nerdy, LLC
17 Here’s what is should look like when you’re all done!Now you have a great tool to help you prepare for your frog exploration. © Getting Nerdy, LLC