From reception to year 2 and beyond.

1 From reception to year 2 and beyond.Phonics From recept...
Author: Basil Warren
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1 From reception to year 2 and beyond.Phonics From reception to year 2 and beyond.

2 Phonics is how children learn to read and then in turn, how to write.How many letters are there in the alphabet? How many phonic sounds are there in the English language? What difficulties could this present? 26 letters in the alphabet 44 phonic sounds but 62 different ways of spelling the sounds

3 New Vocabulary Children love learning big wordsPhoneme – sound a letter makes Grapheme – flashcard with the letter on Cvc – consonant vowel consonant eg, cat, dad, mum Cvcc - consonant vowel consonant consonant eg, went, with Monosyllabic – words with one syllable eg: I, yes, no, sat Polysyllabic – words with more than one syllable eg, after, altogether, morning Digraph - a combination of two letters representing one sound, as in ph and ai Trigraph - a combination of three letters representing one sound, as in igh and air Split-diagraph - When a digraph is split by a consonant it becomes a split digraph. For example: wrote – the 'oe' here make one sound. Blending – pulling together individual sounds or syllables within words. Segmenting - involves breaking words down into individual sounds or syllables

4 Letters and Sounds There are 6 phases in the letters and sounds program, each builds on the previous one. Each phase lasts between 4 and 40 weeks. A key focus is on pronouncing all letters clearly and correctly. Mis-pronunciation can lead to children not being able to hear the sounds correctly and then not being able to read and write the words.

5 Phase 1 (Nursery and Reception)Can a child hear and distinguish sounds? Lots of games and sound walks. Playing with loud and quiet sounds Rhythm in words and rhyme Alliteration

6 The teaching sequence in each phaseRevisit and review Teach Practise Apply Revisit and review all sounds previously learnt Teach a new phoneme, blending and/or segmenting, one or two tricky words Practise reading and/or spelling words with the new letter Apply – read or write a caption using one or more HFW and words containing the new letter.

7 Phase 2 (Reception) Children will learn the following 19 letter soundss, a, t, i, p, n, m, d, g, o, c, k, ck, e, u, r, h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss They will use these sounds to make words that are real and words that are not and distinguish between the two. Letter names are also taught alongside the sounds. ..\A Planning\Phonics\Jolly Phonics\JP Initial sounds set 1.notebook Big focus on pseudo words (nonsense words) Children need to be able to phonetically read nonsense words as these come up on the Year 1 phonics screening test (more on this later)

8 Tricky Words Tricky words are those words which cannot be sounded out correctly using phonic sounds. The only way these words can be read and spelt correctly is by learning them and having plenty of practise. Phase 2 tricky words: I, the, to, no, go, into Phase 3 tricky words: he, she, we, me, be, you, they, her, all, are, was, my Phase 4 tricky words: said, so, have, like, some, come, were, little, there, one, do, when, out, what, Phase 5 tricky words: oh, their, people, Mr, Mrs, looked, called, asked, could

9 Phase 3 (Reception) Children will have learnt the 19 phonemes in phase 2 and be ready to learn 25 more graphemes j, v, w, x, y, z, zz, qu, ch, sh, th, ng, ai, ee, igh, oa, oo, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ear, air, ure, er Phase 3 lasts for 12 weeks. All the phase 2 letters are revisited each day along with all new sounds taught.

10 Phase 4 (Reception) Phase 4 is a consolidation phase. The children do not learn any new sounds. Lots of activities are taught based around rapid recall of high- frequency words Yes/ no questions When children have completed Phase 4 it is expected that they can decode well using phonic strategies. Phonics is the step up to word recognition and automatic reading of all words – decodable and tricky – is the ultimate goal. The purpose of this phase is to consolidate knowledge of graphemes in reading and spelling words containing adjacent consonants and polysyllabic words. Words with adjacent consonants eg: crept, thank, crunch, crash Yes no Can a clock get cross? Did a shark ever jump in a tree? Have you ever slept in a tent? Is the moon green? Are you afraid of thunderstorms?

11 Phase 5 (Year 1) Children continue to learn new sounds in Phase 5 and learn when to use each one in writing. ay, oy, ou, ie, ea, ir, ue, aw, wh, ph, ew, oe, au, a-e, e-e, i-e, o-e, u-e Same sounds but different spelling ai, ay, a-e oi, oy ee, ea, e-e ue, u-e oa, oe, ow, o-e ie, igh, i-e Then there’s the ones with the same spelling but make a different sound! ow in cow, ow in know I tell the children that it’s just the ‘silly English language’!

12 Phonics Screening Phonics Screening takes place in June in Year 1. It tests the children’s knowledge of phonics up to Phase 5 with both real and pseudo words. If children do not meet the required standard they take the test again in Year 2. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment _data/file/532604/2016_Phonics_screening_check_pupils__materials_ -_standard__STA167501e_.pdf

13 Phase 6 (Year 2) Introduce and teach the past tenseInvestigate and learn how to use suffixes eg: ed, ing, er, ly, est Spelling patterns Application of spelling into writing Knowledge of the spelling system Ed – past tense Jumped, called. Children hear the ed ending as a ‘t’ Stressed ed – landed, stranded Er - comparative I’m taller than you, you’re shorter than me Ly – changing an adjective into an adverb He was slow – slow is the adjective He was walking slowly – slowly is the adverb as its describing how the person is walking Superlative est He is the tallest in the class He is the fastest in the class at running.

14 Useful Websites www.letters-and-sounds.com sounds

15 Phonetically correct or spelt wrong?Thank yoo fr cuming too thur fonix wrcshop. I hoap yoo haf lernt lots abowt fonix. Doo not woree if yor chiyld ryts lik this, it is a compleetlee norml staeg of divelopmnt. As they lern mor abowt fonixs ther speling gets bettr and they wil spel mor wrds corectlee. They wil also see tht a wrd is splt rong and self-corect. Usng gaims on a compyootr or ipd wil help as wel as speeking cleerly and pronowncng all letrs corectlee. Thank you for joining us!