1 Fundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyEleventh Edition Chapter 12 Neural Tissue Clicker Questions

2 Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system are also known as _____.tracts nerve fibers vessels none of the above Answer: b

3 Bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system are also known as _____.tracts nerve fibers vessels none of the above

4 The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions? control of the central nervous system; control of the peripheral nervous system control of neurons; control of neuroglia sensory input to the CNS; carries motor commands to muscles or glands carries motor commands to muscles or glands; sensory input to the CNS Answer: c

5 The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions? control of the central nervous system; control of the peripheral nervous system control of neurons; control of neuroglia sensory input to the CNS; carries motor commands to muscles or glands carries motor commands to muscles or glands; sensory input to the CNS

6 The synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a _____.gap junction desmosome neuromuscular junction intercalated disc Answer: c

7 The synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a _____.gap junction desmosome neuromuscular junction intercalated disc

8 Since neurons lack _____, they cannot undergo _____.Nissl bodies; endocytosis centrioles; cell division nuclei; meiosis chromosomes; cell respiration Answer: b

9 Since neurons lack _____, they cannot undergo _____.Nissl bodies; endocytosis centrioles; cell division nuclei; meiosis chromosomes; cell respiration

10 The functional classification of neurons that are responsible for integrating sensory information with motor output are called _____. These neurons are located _____. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the spinal cord proprioceptors; in skeletal muscles and joints interneurons; almost exclusively in the CNS interoceptors; in the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems Answer: c

11 The functional classification of neurons that are responsible for integrating sensory information with motor output are called _____. These neurons are located _____. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the spinal cord proprioceptors; in skeletal muscles and joints interneurons; almost exclusively in the CNS interoceptors; in the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

12 Which of the CNS neuroglial cells function as phagocytic cells?satellite cells microglia oligodendrocytes astrocytes Answer: b

13 Which of the CNS neuroglial cells function as phagocytic cells?satellite cells microglia oligodendrocytes astrocytes

14 Neuroglia of the PNS include _____ and _____, and their respective functions are _____ and _____.astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; guide axon regeneration; myelinate axons ependymal cells; Schwann cells; form cerebrospinal fluid; form myelin sheath satellite cells; Schwann cells; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient, and transmitter levels; myelinate axons microglia; ependymal cells; regulate environment around neurons; form cerebrospinal fluid Answer: c

15 Neuroglia of the PNS include _____ and _____, and their respective functions are _____ and _____.astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; guide axon regeneration; myelinate axons ependymal cells; Schwann cells; form cerebrospinal fluid; form myelin sheath satellite cells; Schwann cells; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient, and transmitter levels; myelinate axons microglia; ependymal cells; regulate environment around neurons; form cerebrospinal fluid

16 Which type of neuroglia would be found lining the hollow regions of the CNS?astrocytes microglia ependymal cells oligodendrocytes Answer: c

17 Which type of neuroglia would be found lining the hollow regions of the CNS?astrocytes microglia ependymal cells oligodendrocytes

18 Which type of voltage-gated channels are located just beyond the axon hillock?voltage-gated potassium channels voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated chloride channels voltage-gated sodium channels Answer: d

19 Which type of voltage-gated channels are located just beyond the axon hillock?voltage-gated potassium channels voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated chloride channels voltage-gated sodium channels

20 What effect would decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium ions have on the transmembrane potential of a neuron? repolarization hypopolarization decreased transmembrane potential hyperpolarization Answer: d

21 What effect would decreasing the concentration of extracellular potassium ions have on the transmembrane potential of a neuron? repolarization hypopolarization decreased transmembrane potential hyperpolarization

22 The gated channels that respond to physical distortion of the membrane surface are called _____. These channels are important in _____. chemically gated channels; dendrites mechanically gated channels; sensory receptors voltage-gated channels; axons of multipolar and unipolar neurons passive channels; areas where the channels must remain open Answer: b

23 The gated channels that respond to physical distortion of the membrane surface are called _____. These channels are important in _____. chemically gated channels; dendrites mechanically gated channels; sensory receptors voltage-gated channels; axons of multipolar and unipolar neurons passive channels; areas where the channels must remain open

24 Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse?at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles at ganglionic neuron-to-neuron synapses in the ANS sometimes at postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS none of the above Answer: d

25 Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse?at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles at ganglionic neuron-to-neuron synapses in the ANS sometimes at postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS none of the above

26 The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depend on the _____.time involved in calcium influx across the synapse rate of enzyme inhibition properties of the release of neurotransmitter type of receptor Answer: d

27 The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depend on the _____.time involved in calcium influx across the synapse rate of enzyme inhibition properties of the release of neurotransmitter type of receptor

28 What is the primary distinction between chemical and electrical synapses? Which type is more rare?electrical synapses involve a neurotransmitter; chemical synapses electrical synapses involve direct connection between cells; electrical synapses chemical synapses involve direct connection between cells; chemical synapses electrical synapses always use ACh; both are equally abundant Answer: b

29 What is the primary distinction between chemical and electrical synapses? Which type is more rare?electrical synapses involve a neurotransmitter; chemical synapses electrical synapses involve direct connection between cells; electrical synapses chemical synapses involve direct connection between cells; chemical synapses electrical synapses always use ACh; both are equally abundant

30 What effect would blocking voltage-gated calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse have on synaptic communication? Communication would cease. Communication would be enhanced. Communication would be misdirected. Communication would continue as before. Answer: a

31 What effect would blocking voltage-gated calcium channels at a cholinergic synapse have on synaptic communication? Communication would cease. Communication would be enhanced. Communication would be misdirected. Communication would continue as before.

32 Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?dendrite axon cell body perikaryon Answer: b

33 Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?dendrite axon cell body perikaryon

34 Enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter _____ has allowed pharmaceutical companies to produce medications that decrease anxiety. serotonin norepinephrine acetylcholine GABA Answer: d

35 Enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter _____ has allowed pharmaceutical companies to produce medications that decrease anxiety. serotonin norepinephrine acetylcholine GABA

36 Effectors include which of the following?glands muscles adipose tissue all of the above Answer: d

37 Effectors include which of the following?glands muscles adipose tissue all of the above

38 A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply? dopamine any of the opioids acetylcholine serotonin Answer: d

39 A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply? dopamine any of the opioids acetylcholine serotonin

40 The relationship between a neurotransmitter, such as NE and a cytosolic compound, such as cAMP, is that they are _____, which is enhanced by a “link” called a _____. both amino acids; carboxyl group 1st messenger and 2nd messenger; G protein neurotransmitters; 2nd messenger EPSP and IPSP; 1st messenger Answer: b

41 The relationship between a neurotransmitter, such as NE and a cytosolic compound, such as cAMP, is that they are _____, which is enhanced by a “link” called a _____. both amino acids; carboxyl group 1st messenger and 2nd messenger; G protein neurotransmitters; 2nd messenger EPSP and IPSP; 1st messenger

42 Excitatory neurotransmitters cause _____, and inhibitory neurotransmitters _____.repolarization; return to resting potential suppression of generation of action potentials; promote generation of action potentials synaptic fatigue; cause synaptic delay depolarization; cause hyperpolarization Answer: d

43 Excitatory neurotransmitters cause _____, and inhibitory neurotransmitters _____.repolarization; return to resting potential suppression of generation of action potentials; promote generation of action potentials synaptic fatigue; cause synaptic delay depolarization; cause hyperpolarization

44 Axon A propagates signal at 50 m/sec and axon B propagates signal at 1 m/sec. What is the structural difference between these axons? Axon A has a smaller diameter than axon B. Axon B is myelinated. Axon A is myelinated. None of the above is correct. Answer: c

45 Axon A propagates signal at 50 m/sec and axon B propagates signal at 1 m/sec. What is the structural difference between these axons? Axon A has a smaller diameter than axon B. Axon B is myelinated. Axon A is myelinated. None of the above is correct.

46 Which of the choices below correctly lists the steps of an action potential?resting potential ➔ absolute refractory period ➔ relative refractory period all-or-none principle ➔ stimulus triggers action potential ➔ stimulus does not trigger action potential depolarization to threshold ➔ activation of sodium channels and depolarization ➔ inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels ➔ return to normal permeability none of the above Answer: c

47 Which of the choices below correctly lists the steps of an action potential?resting potential ➔ absolute refractory period ➔ relative refractory period all-or-none principle ➔ stimulus triggers action potential ➔ stimulus does not trigger action potential depolarization to threshold ➔ activation of sodium channels and depolarization ➔ inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels ➔ return to normal permeability none of the above

48 Which of the following is TRUE concerning neuromodulators?have long-term effects act immediately without intermediate steps affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic membrane none of the above Answer: a

49 Which of the following is TRUE concerning neuromodulators?have long-term effects act immediately without intermediate steps affect neither postsynaptic nor presynaptic membrane none of the above

50 Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE with regard to saltatory propagation?Myelinated areas of the axon accelerate propagation. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can respond to a depolarizing stimulus. Continuous propagation uses less energy, and fewer sodium ions must be pumped out. Both A and B are correct. Answer: d

51 Which of the following statements is (are) TRUE with regard to saltatory propagation?Myelinated areas of the axon accelerate propagation. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can respond to a depolarizing stimulus. Continuous propagation uses less energy, and fewer sodium ions must be pumped out. Both A and B are correct.

52 In what ways are temporal and spatial summation the same?Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a single synapse. Both are methods by which individual EPSPs combine to result in an action potential. Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are applied at different locations, causing a cumulative effect on transmembrane potential. All of the above are correct. Answer: b

53 In what ways are temporal and spatial summation the same?Both require a rapid succession of stimuli at a single synapse. Both are methods by which individual EPSPs combine to result in an action potential. Both occur when simultaneous stimuli are applied at different locations, causing a cumulative effect on transmembrane potential. All of the above are correct.