1 Germany: Biodiversity and Conserving ItBy Hans J. Lolio
2 Germany’s BiodivercityThe birds of Germany include a total of 514 species, of which 11 have been introduced by humans Fish in Germany consists of indigenous, and also introduced species. In total it consists of 274 species There are 97 mammal species in Germany, 2 are endangered, 8 are vulnerable, and 4 are near- threatened. There are nearly 100 endangered species that are native to Germany
3 Endangered Species in GermanyEurasian Otter hunted to extinction during the 19th century, but recently has made its return thank to conservation efforts. The major threat facing otters in Germany is pollution, which causes acidification of rivers and streams Gray Wolf Extinct in Germany for more than 100 years, but returned in the 1990s. Less than 50 wolves are believed to inhabit Germany, but they are increasing. Hunting remains a major threat against the wolves return to Germany, although they are legally protected. Danube Salmon One of the largest species of salmon, growing up to 5 feet in length. The fish is native to the Danube River, which has its origin in the German Black Forest. The primary threats facing the Danube salmon are overfishing, dams, pollution and deforestation. Golden Eagle The golden eagle is the official emblem of Germany, and was once widespread, and the habitat of this raptor is mostly limited to the German Alps.
4 The North Sea and MigrationMigration problems artificial barriers, dams, sluices and weirs green energy power turbines pollution intensive fishery habitat loss and fragmentation Migration takes place on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers. The purpose of migration usually relates to either feeding or breeding.
5 Germany’s Forest and ParksAbout 30% of Germany is forest 98 official nature parks, and 14 National Parks; National parks are protected by Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Barbara Hendricks is Federal Minister for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety.
6 Zoos and Conservation Zoos play a huge role in conservation efforts; not only by generating revenue, but more importantly informing the public about wildlife and their conservation There are 50 zoos in Germany, and many other areas devoted to wildlife preservation that don’t meet zoo status, but save many
7 Conservation in Zoos Leipzig Zoo Berlin ZooInternational breeding books for Tiger, Anoas, Mähnenwölfe (Maned Wolf), and Sumatra- Nashörner (Hairy Rhinoceros) Breeding programs for Anoas , the White Snake Cranks, the Mähnenwölfe, the Lippenbären (Lipped Bear),And over 75 other species Berlin Zoo 61 European conservation studbook programs (EEP), 50 European studbooks (ESB) as well as in 31 international breeding programs (ISB)
8 Conservation in Zoos Hannover ZooQuarterly presentations about species protection projects, stunning pictures, and learn about current zoological research results Extensive monitoring of rare farmed animal breeds as well as coordinated conservation measures. Hellabrunn Zoo The exhibition “Biodiversity: Nature's Diversity under Threat” focuses on the UN Decade on Biodiversity wildlife ambassadors at the biodiversity info stand inform visitors about this complex issue and explain why the uniqueness of our planet is threatened The first Geo-zoo worldwide. The animals live according to their geographic distribution in complex communities.
9 Conservation In GermanyMany authorities and organizations are involved with conservation in Germany, and conservation efforts all over the world Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety EAZA: European Assoication of Zoos and Aquaria NABU: Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union German Zoos There are many ways of conserving biodiversity such as breeding programs, reintroduction, preservation, remove introduced species, and education
10 Research Researching Individual Welfare Population and Species Research Habitat and Systems Research Improving our Service to Our Communities Campaign Let It Grow - Return of the Natives The aim is to help make our communities into havens for native species of animals and plants Pole to Pole Campaign raise awareness and stimulate behavior change for the conservation of the biodiversity of the two Poles Ape Campaign Apes are under threat from hunting, deforestation and disease, and without our support these beautiful and iconic animals will become extinct.
11 Nature And Biodiversity Conservation UnionSince 1990, when conservationists from the German Society for Bird Protection and the former German Democratic Republic united to form NABU Since the mid 1980s, NABU has participated in BirdLife's Important Bird Area project resulting in 15.8 % of the land surface of Germany becoming a IBA NABU organized and coordinated the 5th and 6th International White Stork Census In 1998 biosphere reserves was officially opened in Kyrgyzstan. It is roughly the size of Switzerland and covers about one fifth of the country's area in its mountainous east.
12 Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear SafetyHow the Ministry helps conservation Forests make a major contribution to climate protection and help to reduce greenhouse gases implementing the 2002 UN Convention on Biological Diversity in Germany and defines about 330 nature conservation goals that are to be reached by 2020 nationwide regulations on the conservation of wild animal and plant species and regulations aiming at monitoring, preventing the spread of and eliminating of invasive species.
13 Reintroduction of SpeciesReintroduction can be costly, lengthy, and complex; especially carnivores or aquatic species A multitude of reintroduction Methods Conduct Population Viability Analysis (PVA) Delegate Communication between Agencies; Glasl’s Conflict Model
14 Breeding Programs A masterplan developed by the global zoo network in collaboration with the World Conservation Union Each program is run by a Species coordinator and is supported by experts at other zoos. The breeding program for gorillas is run by Frankfurt Zoo in Germany is an example Breeding programs to control numbers and to prevent inbreeding. The aim is to ensure as much genetic variation in the captive population as possible and this is achieved with the aid of a studbook.
15 Scientific Approach Discussion and Collaboration Testing and AnalysisCollected Data and Creating Models
16 Population Viability ModelLand Scape Habitat Suitability Dispersal Territory Selection Barriers Demographic: Morality Reproduction
17 Population Viability Model Example: Eurasian Lynx
18 Population Viability Model Example: Eurasian LynxBehaviors and Habitat Reintroduction Zones The male Eurasian lynx is solidary; only allow 1 or 2 female in his area Average litter is two kittens They hunt during the day when food is scarce, but they are mainly nocturnal The Black Forest Palatine forest Bavarian Forest Harz Mountains Northeastern Forests Thurinigian Forest
19 Eurasian Lynx Reintroduction: Harz MountainsNine different morality scenarios; based on birth probability Fragmented habitat due to barriers like; roads, cities, and farmland Optimal sex ratio is 8 females and 5 males Area has a capacity of a carrying capacity of 15 ± 2 female lynx and 9 ± 1 male lynx 50% chance of success
20 Eurasian Lynx Reintroduction: Over ViewPopulation spread across Germany is very restricted, although occasional individual exchange is possible Viable populations would be possible in the Thuringian Forest, the Black Forest, the Bavarian – Bohemian, and Palatine Forest New motorways in the Harz Forest, the Thuringian Forest, the Erz Mountains, and the Bavarian Forest will worsen colonization success The survival of residents is the most important factor for a viable population It is questionable whether a lynx population will have a future in Germany
21 Communication is EssentialCommunication is incredibly important in the scientific fields (Zoology, Biology, and many more), and that is because the more we know about each species the more we can help them To engage a global or local effort in conservation the first and most important step is communication
22 Why is it Important: The better able agencies, authorities, and citizens communicated, will strength non destructive conservation. Conflict Mechanisms Radicalism of one Party’s Statement by the Opposing Party Extension of the Social Frame Personification of conflict and Forming of Stereotypes Reciprocal Inversion of Causality and Simultaneous Simplification of the relationship of Causality
23 Red Deer Conservation in Bayerischer Wald National ParkBayerischer Wald is located in South-East Germany near the Czech border Red deer are a very mobile species; staying in the national park region during summer and moving into lower regions during the winter The live in single sex herds, and the sexes only meeting during breeding season; called a rut A female herd can have up to 50 individuals
24 Glasl’s Conflict ModelSocial conflicts are interaction between two or more actors Conflict Escalation: 9 Levels The goal is to analyze the evolution of conflict
25 Red Deer Conservation in Bayerischer Wald National Park: ConflictsLocal Forest Owners Association Financial Lose (Browsing and Bark Stripping) Extension of Park Hunter Representatives Financial Lose due to Liability Hunting laws Criticizing by Supreme Hunting Agency after public chance in opinion Stake Holders: Old Part Stake Holders: New Part Other conflicts No interagency communication Supreme and Upper Nature Conservatory Agency only present at end of delegations Change in public opinion of deer from “King of the Forest” to a threat to existence of homes Discrediting by Stakeholders
26 What Can You Do? Learn and share; by far the most important, it could be a simple as watching a documentary or informing another about the importance of biodiversity and its conservation Donate to conservation efforts; Time is just as important as a monetary donation; Get involved Visit Zoos, aquariums, and other attractions that support conservation efforts
27 Works Cited Aquaria, European Association of Zoos and. Conservation Web Source. 25 October