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2 Hello! Grab a scantron from the stool and write your name on it.Get out any reading material or homework you may want to complete if you finish early. Get out your book and your study guides that you completed (if you did them, you have study guides for chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

3 When you finish your essay…Bring to my desk three things: Your book and annotations folded up inside (make sure your name is in your book or on your annotations). The essay question itself. I will give you a multiple choice section. You may use only your study guides for the multiple choice section.

4 Hello! Get out a couple sheets of paper.Get out your literary analysis assignment sheet. Get out your thesis statement formula sheet.

5 Take a couple of minutesWith the people around you, discuss the paper and its ultimate goal. Then, share some ideas you have/came up with for a potential paper for yourself.

7 Thesis: The Roadmap/Blueprint*The thesis statement is the announcement of your analytical argument that you intend to make and prove in the duration of your paper. It is a road map for the paper—it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.

8 Your DEBATABLE thesis statement should include two parts: WHAT and WHYWHAT: What claim are you making about the text?  WHY: Why should we care? Why is the claim important? Your thesis should answer the “so what?” question. ONE SENTENCE LONG.

9 “Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.”Examples: Good or Bad? “Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.” *What’s wrong with this thesis statement? An opinion about the book, not an argument.

10 Better? How so? What is missing?Examples: Good or Bad? In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.” Better? How so? What is missing? Doesn’t answer the “so what?” question—what is the point of the contrast? What does the contrast signify?

11 Examples: Good or Bad? “Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American ideals, one must leave ‘civilized’ society and go back to nature.” Even better? Why? It presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content and answers the “so what” question. It tells what is “suggested” or reveals a “deeper meaning.”

12 Good or Bad? “Edgar Allen Poe’s work was affected greatly by the current events of his life, covering his family life, his childhood, and his career; these events changed the style and subject of his works.” What’s wrong with it? More questions than answers: which works will be explored? What current events? What childhood or career events? How did Poe’s style change and WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

13 For those truly struggling:Sometimes, the easiest place to start is to decide on a theme you want to explore. Then, decide on a component, or components, of the novella which help develop it, suggest it, or contribute to it. THEME/IDEA STYLISTIC CHOICES? FEMINIST OR SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE ISSUES? SETTING? MOTIF? CHARACTERS/ CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT? SYMBOLISM?

14 Once you have an Theme/IDEA you want to Prove with the Text, Do a rough sketch/Brainstorm of its components: POINT TO PROVE: Moment in the novella which proves it Moment in the novella which proves it Moment in the novella which proves it Moment in the novella which proves it

15 Outside sources? For Research facts only.Must be from our school databases ONLY. You may NOT use something you merely Google. Must use at least two outside sources if you choose to use them. Must have a Works Cited page and proper parenthetical citations. Discussion of how Anthem’s society reflects the society in which Ayn Rand grew up. Another researchable thesis which can be analyzed through Anthem. Comparing Society of Anthem with another modern day society

16 Today, as you’re planning your thesis:If using outside sources from school databases, write down the full citations so that you have them when we construct your work cited page. If you’re taking notes on an outside topic that you are going to apply to Anthem, PARAPHRASE your notes to avoid plagiarism.

17 What is Paraphrasing? your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

18 PARAPHRASING IS NOT SIMPLY REARRANGING THE WORDS!This is still plagiarism.

19 How do you do it? Look away from the source. THEN write.Read and re-read the source to make sure you understand what you’re reading. Then, look away from the source and write your notes in your own words. 2. Take Notes. Take abbreviated notes; set the notes aside; then paraphrase from the notes a day or so later, or when you draft. If you find that you can't do A or B, this may mean that you don't understand the passage completely

20 How do you do it? Change the structure:Break up long sentences, combine short ones, expand phrases for clarity, or shorten them for conciseness. Reorder main ideas.

21 How do you do it? Change the words:Use synonyms or a phrase that expresses the same meaning. Leave shared language unchanged. What is shared language? Conventional designations: e.g., physician’s assistant, chronic low-back pain Preferred bias-free language: e.g., persons with disabilities Technical terms and phrases of a discipline or genre: e.g., cognitive domain, material culture, sexual harassment

22 Article from the New York times discussing relocation and redevelopment of a train station in NYC

23 GOALs FOR TODAY: DEVELOP A DEBATABLE, FOCUSED THESIS STATEMENT.Begin gathering some textual evidence you would like to explore and analyze.

24 Good morning, All! Get out your typed thesis statement and make sure your name is on it. I will be collecting them gradually throughout the day as you outline. Get out a couple sheets of paper.

25 Now that you have your thesis…We are going to begin outlining your body paragraphs.

26 Outline Rules: Paragraphs indicated by Roman Numerals: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII… Main ideas within each paragraph indicated by capital Arabic numerals: A, B, C, D, etc. Support/facts for each main idea indicated by numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4

27 The Rule of Twos If you have an A, you must have a BIf you have a 1, you must have a 2 You must have proper indentions.

28 Let’s Leave your Intro Paragraph Blank for Now:I. Introduction A. Hook B. Bridge C. Thesis

29 II. (Name the topic of the first body paragraph here)C. Thesis II. (Name the topic of the first body paragraph here) Leave several lines for your topic sentence, which we’ll write later). 1st main idea of your paragraph Textual evidence Phrase of elaboration 2nd main idea of your paragraph III. (Name the topic of the second body paragraph here) Leave several lines for your topic sentence, which we’ll write later).

30 Let’s an Outline of a Paragraph:Weisel consciously uses specific repetition throughout different camps to emphasize the monotony and protracted nature of the Holocaust. The phrase “form fives!”, shouted by SS officers, is constant in Auschwitz, Buna, and Buchenwald as prisoners are marched from place to place (36). The repetition of this command in three of the concentration camps motivates the reader reflect on the previous camps in the memoir, as it lends a continuity to them. This method causes the length of the memoir to be drawn out as Weisel is made to trek from camp to camp and endure the same harsh circumstances. To go along with the monotonous aura of the camps, Weisel addresses the bell that signals meals and work times, saying there is not “anything except the sound of the bell” (32). The procedures at the camp are interchangeable, and the harsh treatments in the camps are equally cruel, and this sameness draws out the time Elie endures the camps.

31 Acceptable: B. The Work and Food Bell A. Setting up for MarchesWeisel consciously uses specific repetition throughout different camps to emphasize the monotony and protracted nature of the Holocaust. A. Setting up for Marches “Form fives!” (36). Continuity – consistent endurance B. The Work and Food Bell “anything except the sound of the bell” (32) Interchangeable procedures, sameness

32 Hello! Get out your outline from the other day and a couple more sheets of paper. Get out your copy of Anthem.

33 Writing the Introduction:A good introduction of any paper consists of three parts: a hook, a bridge, and a thesis. + +

34 Hook Bridge Thesis

35 How can I connect my introduction to the content of my essayHow can I connect my introduction to the content of my essay? What is most appropriate?

36 Hook: the attention GrabberA quotation or paraphrase: If you use a quote, make sure that it is relevant to your topic, background information or your thesis in some way. Avoid over-used quotes or clichés. A quotation by the author or a character in the book itself is often effective for a literary analysis paper.

37 Hook: The attention Grabber“To be, or not to be, that is the question” {3.1.57}. This familiar statement expresses the young prince’s moral dilemma in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.

38 Hook: the Attention GrabberA snippet of dialogue between two characters: “It is another thing. You [Frederic Henry] cannot know about it unless you have it.” “ Well,” I said. “If I ever get it I will tell you [priest]” (72). With these words, the priest in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms sends the hero, Frederic, in search of the ambiguous “it” in his life.

39 Hook: the Attention GrabberA little known or striking fact: Try to surprise and impress your reader with an interesting fact related to your topic. If it is a commonly known fact, people won’t be as interested in learning more. Don’t forget to cite your research! “A cockroach can carry more than 40 different pathogens that could spread to humans.” “Of about 3 million youth that are injured every year playing sports or participating in recreational activities, only 25% are treated in hospital emergency rooms.” A statement of opinion that you intend to challenge: No one can resist a bit of fair and healthy conflict. If you can challenge the reader’s understanding of the world without alienating their beliefs or values, you have a good chance of getting their attention quickly. “Canadians cling to three myths about their country.” “Most people think that writing is something that only those with a born talent can ever do well.”

40 Hook: The attention GrabberA universal idea The terrifying scenes a soldier experiences on the front probably follow him throughout his life—if he manages to survive the war.

41 Hook: the attention grabberAn interesting incident or anecdote related to your subject: A good way of catching your reader's attention is by sharing a story that sets up your paper. Sharing a story gives a paper a more personal feel and helps make your reader comfortable.

42 Hook: The Attention GrabberA rich, vivid description of the setting; Figurative Language, Paint a Picture: Giving specific details about your subject appeals to your reader's curiosity and helps establish a visual picture of what your paper is about. Sleepy Maycomb, like other Southern towns, suffers considerably during the Great Depression. Poverty reaches from the privileged families, like the Finches, to the Negroes and “white trash” Ewells, who live on the outskirts of town. Harper Lee paints a vivid picture of life in this humid Alabama town where tempers and bigotry explode into conflict.

43 Bridge: the connection between the hook and thesisThis somehow eases your reader from the hook to the thesis. Provides necessary information that shows the reader why the topic is important; why he/she should care. Must Include: Name of work: Anthem Refer to Anthem as a novella Author Name Brief overview of the work – do NOT give specific details. Simply remind the reader of the a book he/she has already read.

44 Poor overview: Anthem is about a boy named Equality. He is 21 years old and he enjoys the Science of Things. His society does not approve of his intelligence and independence, so he is in trouble a lot. He tries to start learning on his own, which leads to his greatest discovery… Anthem, a novella by Ayn Rand, chronicles the journey of Equality, a boy who yearns to escape his collectivist society, ultimately revealing the strength found in self-discovery.

45 What would one expect to be the personality of a man who has his wife sent away to a convent (or perhaps has had her murdered) because she took too much pleasure in the sunset and in a compliment paid to her by another man? It is just such a man—a Renaissance duke—who Robert Browning portrays in his poem “My Last Duchess.” A character analysis of the Duke reveals that through his internal dialogue, his interpretation of earlier incidents, and his actions, his traits—arrogance, jealousy, and greediness—emerge. Hook Bridge Thesis

46 Time to construct hook and bridgeWhen you’re done, give your paper to a partner and ask them: does this introduction feel interesting? Does it “hook” you?

47 Topic Sentences The first sentence of the paragraph which states one of the topics associated with your thesis, combined with some assertion about how the topic will support the central idea. The purpose of the topic sentence is twofold: To relate the details of the paragraph to your thesis statement. 2. To tie the details of the paragraph together.

48 Topic Sentence = Controlling IdeaTopic sentences set the controlling idea for the paragraph and use key words and phrases from the thesis to show thesis development. If thesis makes an assertion about how Rand uses the heart and vein motif to reveal the advancement of Equality’s liveliness and sense of independence as he learns and discovers, what key words or synonyms might be used in each topic sentence?

49 Examples: what will these paragraphs prove?When he first appears in the novel, Sidney Carton is a loveless outcast who sees little worth in himself or in others. Bertha Dorset is first established as Lily's antagonist in the train scene, when she interrupts Lily's conversation with Percy Gryce and reveals that Lily smokes. At the start of the novella, Equality’s inner dialogue suggests a conflict within himself as he is stifled despite his own intelligence and curiosity.

50 A topic sentence is not:1. A quotation from a critic or from the piece of fiction you're discussing. 2. A piece of information that tells the reader something more about the plot of the story.  Lily Bart next travels to Bellomont, where she meets Lawrence Selden again. 3. A sentence that explains your response or reaction to the work, or that describes why you're talking about a particular part of it, rather than why the paragraph is important to your analysis. 

51 Hook Bridge Thesis

52 Re-state thesis in different words.Conclusion: Remind your reader of the governing idea of the paper. It must be in different words with different phrasing. Re-state thesis in different words. Summarize your main ideas of the paper with the purpose of showing how all of them tie to your thesis. This is like putting a bow on top of the information you’ve provided. Sum-up main points Big “so-what?” So why should the reader care? Why is this topic important? Tie it to something bigger.

53 Return to the theme or themes in the introduction.This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction. 2. Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

54 3. Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study.This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help her to apply your info and ideas to her own life or to see the broader implications.

55 Strategies to Avoid: Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing. Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion. Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes. Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

56 Hello! Get out your typed outline and your copy of Anthem on your desk. Grab your assigned computer number (PCs).

57 Good morning! Grab a handout from the stool.Get out a pencil/pen to fill in notes. Do not unpack anything else.

58 Citation for the book: RequiredRand, Ayn. Anthem. Signet, 1996.

59 To correctly cite other sources:CMHS Research Site > NC WiseOwl (password is wiseowl16) In WiseOwl, select “High School” > then go to “Citation Maker”

60 How to correctly use parenthetical citations: when paraphrasing or summarizingUse a parenthetical if you’re simply paraphrasing something from the book (putting a scene in your own words instead of using a quote) at the end of your paraphrase. Equality often struggles to conform, as he stands out among his peers. His teachers even ridicule him for being different (Rand 18). This reveals an immediate inner conflict, as the narrator strives to conform but also realizes his own flaws according to society’s standards.

61 How to use parenthetical citations: When using specific quotations2. Like we have done all semester, use a parenthetical at the end of your use of a quotation (signal phrase, snippet method, or colon method). If you use the same page for multiple quotes in a paragraph, don’t cite it until you’re finished with it and ready to move on to a different page. Equality writes about “fear hanging in the air of the sleeping halls,” revealing what truly governs society. In his tunnel, however, he remarks that he “feel[s] it no longer” (Rand 46). Fear does not merely control Equality; in fact, he writes of brothers whose fear prompts them to “cry suddenly, without reason, in the midst of the day or night” (Rand 47).

62 How to use parenthetical citations: an outside source3. To cite outside sources, refer to your works cited page, and use either the author’s last name, or if it’s missing, the first couple of words from the citation. Notice: you follow the same punctuation as the works cited. If it has quotes around it, your shortened parenthetical should, too. Works Cited Hoffman, Bruce. "Return of the Jihadi." The National Interest 141 (2016): 9+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 8 Dec "Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)." Gale Student Resources in Context. Detroit: Gale, Student Resources in Context. Web. 8 Dec Rand, Ayn. Anthem. Signet, 1996. (Hoffman) (“Islamic State”) (Rand)

63 How to use parenthetical citations: an outside source"Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action.” Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May College Bound Seniors. Princeton, NJ: College Board Publications, Print. An Inconvenient Truth. Directed by Davis Guggenheim, performances by Al Gore and Billy West, Paramount, Thompson, Kenneth. “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/ADD) Fact Sheet.” ADD.org. Attention Deficit Disorder Association, Web. 30 Sept (“Blueprint Lays”) (College Bound ) (An Inconvenient Truth) (Thompson)

64 Good morning! QUIETLY grab a seat… there is testing in the library so please keep your noise level down. Log in and open up your rough draft we started on Friday.

65 Goals for Today: Ensure access to turnitin.comWe made accounts for you towards the beginning of the year. If you never made an account and joined my class, here is the info you will need once you create or log-in to an existing turnitin.com account: Class Enrollment ID: Enrollment Password: dahouse 2. Continue working on rough draft. 3. Hard copy MUST be brought to next class AND be submitted to turnitin.com