1 HSTK 495 Final Exam Study Guide

2 Note The following slides are brief explanations of the TEKS from the US and World History Study Guides and are meant to give the student an idea on what to focus their study. The test questions themselves may or may not be adequately addressed by the information on these slides. It is the responsibility of the student to know the topics

3 US.1.C Founding Fathers Charles Carroll John Hancock MarylandSigned Declaration of Independence Only Catholic to serve in US Senate John Hancock Early revolutionary Served in First and Second Continental Congresses First to sign Declaration of Independence Governor of Massachusetts

4 US.1.C Founding Fathers John Jay Served in Second Continental CongressAuthored five of the Federalist Papers Helped negotiate Treaty of Paris First Chief Justice of Supreme Court Negotiated treaty that bears his name – avoided war w/Britain

5 US.1.C Founding Fathers John Peter Muhlenberg Benjamin RushLutheran minister Fought in Continental Army Congressman from PA Benjamin Rush Prominent physician Served as Surgeon General to Continental Army Signed Declaration Served as Treasurer of US Mint

6 US.1.C Founding Fathers Johnathan Trumbull Sr. John WitherspoonOnly royal governor to support the Revolution Strong supporter of Washington Only royal governor to remain in power following independence John Witherspoon Presbyterian minister President of Princeton – taught James Madison Signed Declaration

7 US.4.A People, Events US as World PowerAlfred Thayer Mahan Authored Influence of Sea Power on History Advocated large navy w/overseas bases to project power Influenced US policy Sanford Dole American planter on Hawaii Led coup overthrowing Queen Liliuokalani – taking over Hawaii Led Provisional government

8 US.4.A People, Events US as World PowerSpanish-American War 1898 Influence of yellow journalism Fought for independence of Cuba Led to annexation of Hawaii Treaty w/Spain gave US Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines Many in US did not support involvement in Philippines Guerrilla war US/Filipinos US now imperialist power

9 US.4.D American Expeditionary ForceAEF in WWI US NOT Ally but “associated power” Commanded by General John Pershing US Army to be used as US Army – not replacements for European armies US Army segregated – French troops sent to French Battle of the Argonne Forest – biggest battle for US Alvin York – most decorated American in WWI

10 US.5.A Progressive Era ReformsBelief - expanded role of government in social reform Government Reforms Initiative Recall Referendum Progressive Amendments 16th – Income Tax 17th – Direct election of senators 18th – Prohibition 19th – Women’s suffrage

11 US.5.B Muckrakers Definition Upton SinclairThe Jungle - meatpacking Pure Food and Drug Act Susan B. Anthony – women’s rights Ida B. Wells – crusade against lynching WEB DuBois Civil rights activist Co-founder of NAACP

12 US.6.A Social Issues The Red Scare ProhibitionImpact of Russian Revolution Radical ideology in US Association w/immigrants Prohibition Temperance Movement Women’s Christian Temperance Movement 18th Amendment Volstead Act

13 US.6.B People of Twenties William Jennings BryanDemocratic/Populist candidate Scopes Trial Clarence Darrow – defense Scopes Trial Henry Ford Mass production Assembly line Charles Lindbergh – solo flight across Atlantic Glenn Curtiss – father of naval aviation Marcus Garvey United Negro Improvement Association Separatism / Back o Africa Movement

14 US.8.A US Response to Soviet AggressionTruman Doctrine Confront expansion of Communism Using $ and supplies Greece and Turkey Berlin Crisis Soviet response to Allied unification of German occupation zones under FRG Soviet blockade of Berlin Allied response was airlift Marshall Plan US funded reconstruction of Europe Goals

15 US.8.A US Response to Soviet AggressionNATO Military alliance in face of Soviet threat to Western Europe Soviet response – Warsaw Pact 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet response to US missiles in Turkey Kennedy applied “quarantine” Negotiated settlement with Khrushchev

16 US.8.B Responses to Cold War TensionsArms Race The “missile gap” Triad / MAD Space Race Spurred by Sputnik 1957 Establishment of NASA McCarthyism – the “Big Lie” HUAC - blacklist Venona Papers – verified Soviet spy threat to US

17 US. 8.C/D Korean War & ContainmentInvasion of South by North (supported by USSR/China) Attack by Communist Chinese Sack of MacArthur Armistice Containment George Kennan Fall of China to Communism + Korean War = US support of France in Vietnam Domino Theory

18 US.8.E Issues & Events of Vietnam War1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Congress gave control of war to President Dramatic increase of US troops 1968 Tet Offensive All major urban areas of South attacked VC effectively destroyed Turning point in US public opinion? Vietnamization President Nixon’s plan US arms South / South takes over fight as US withdraws Fall of Saigon – April 1975 by NVA

19 US.9.B US Civil Rights OrganizationsAfrican American NAACP Southern Christian Leadership Conference Black Panthers Chicano UFW – United Farm Workers La Raza Unida Native American - AIM Feminist - NOW

20 US.9.C Major Figures – Civil rightsMartin Luther King Rosa Parks Cesar Chavez Hector Garcia American GI Forum Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique

21 US.10.D US in the Middle EastIsrael Created after partition/war Recognized by US Supported by US Camp-David Accords Peace treaty between Egypt and Israel Negotiated by Carter Iran Hostage Crisis – paralyzed Carter administration Iran-Contra US sold parts/weapons to Iran Used funds to support anti-Sandinista Contras Marines in Lebanon

22 US.13.A US Migrations Mexican migration The Great MigrationFirst migration due to Mexican Revolution 1910 WWII Bracero Program The Great Migration Southern Blacks to North First wave in WWI Rust-Belt to Sun-Belt Began w/WWII Loss of US manufacturing base

23 US.15.A Close of Frontier Transcontinental Railroad Homestead Act 1862Movement of settlers into West Linked industry coast-to- coast Homestead Act 1862 Free land to those who could fulfill requirements Mixed results

24 US.15.C US Foreign Policy Open Door Policy Dollar DiplomacyGoal- free trade in China Sought to guarantee Chinese independence Dollar Diplomacy President Taft Goal – foster relationship w/Latin America through trade

25 US.16.A US Economic Growth in 1920sMass Production Large scale manufacturing that increases supply, cuts consumer costs Assembly Line Used by Ford Divided operations into little tasks President Coolidge Business friendly tax policy Decrease government regulation – laissez-faire

26 US.16.C 1929 Stock Market Crash Stock Market Crash October 1929Bull market Speculation Buying on Margin Margin Calls

27 US.17.B Prosperity in 1950s GI Bill Baby Boom Increased ConsumerismTaft-Hartley Act limited powers of unions Growth of business / markets Income tripled

28 US.17.D US Society from 1960s The Great Society Affirmative ActionCivil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Medicare/Medicaid Head Start “War on Poverty” HUD Affirmative Action Reasons “Reverse discrimination” University of California v. Bakke

29 WH.1.C Turning Points in World HistoryChristianity Paul of Tarsus Roman roads Persecution Church organization – salaried clergy New Testament Constantine Edict of Milan Theodosius the Great

30 WH.1.C Turning Points in World HistoryIslam Mohammad Quran Five Pillars Caliph Schism – Sunni versus Shi’ite Establishment of Arab Caliphates Umayyad Abbasid

31 WH.1.C Turning Points in World HistoryOttoman Empire Turkic gunpowder empire Caliphate Conquered Byzantine Empire – fall of Constantinople Religiously tolerant Janissaries Slavery Controlled flow of East-West trade

32 WH.1.C Turning Points in World HistoryMandate of Heaven – Shang to Zhou Chinese Dynasties Qin - first Han – civil service Tang & Song – golden years Yuan – Mongol rule / significant impact on trade Ming – trade versus isolation Qing - last

33 WH.4.G Medieval Europe Crusades Great Schism Impact of Black DeathExposure to Eastern goods Great Schism Two popes – infallibility? Impact of Black Death Population Serfdom Hundred Years War Value of knights versus power of king

34 WH.4.J Trade Routes Silk Road Gold-SaltCapillary system connecting China to West Peak trade under Mongols Gold-Salt Spread of Islam to West Africa Impact on West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, Songhay

35 WH.6.A Aztecs & Incas Aztecs & Incas Road systemsMonumental construction Sun God Class based on family and clan lines Economy based on tribute and redistribution

36 WH.10.D Russian RevolutionBolsheviks October Revolution Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin “Peace, Land, and Bread” Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Civil War – Red versus White

37 WH.13.C Major Events of Cold WarBerlin Crisis Korean War Arms Race Vietnam War Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Collapse of Soviet Union

38 WH.13.D Roles of Modern World LeadersReagan Peace through Strength Reagan Doctrine Gorbachev Glasnost & Perestroika Walesa Solidarity Begin collapse of USSR Pope John Paul II Collapse of USSR Differing outcomes

39 WH.19.B Characteristics of Political SystemsTheocracy – rule by clerics/”god” Democracy – rule by people Republic – rule by people through representatives Oligarchy – rule by a group/elite Limited Monarchy – shared power Totalitarian – control of people by government/dictator

41 WH.22.C Genocide Soviet Union Armenia Civil WarCollectivization / Kulaks Purges of 1930s Armenia WWI Christian Armenians

42 WH.22.D Genocide Holocaust Balkans Rwanda Darfur Jewish populationGypsies, gays, slavs Balkans “Ethnic Cleansing” – Muslim population Rwanda Majority Hutu versus minority Tutsi Darfur Arab Muslim Janjaweed versus Christian and Animist Blacks

43 WH.22.E Political Resistance LeadersMohandas Gandhi Nationalist Anti-colonial resistance Passive resistance Nelson Mandela Anti-apartheid resistance Violent rebellion Achieved victory – elected President

44 WH.23.A Belief Systems Confucianism Judaism Christianity IslamConfucius The Five Relationships Judaism Monotheistic Abraham patriarch Salvation Christianity Jesus as Messiah Missionaries Islam Mohammad Forced conversion and Missionaries

45 WH.23.A Belief Systems Hinduism Buddhism Sikhism IndiaEvolved over time Polytheistic Reincarnation Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Salvation – Nirvana Missionaries Sikhism Monotheistic Combines elements of Islam & Buddhism

46 WH.28.E Scientists and InventorsEdison Light bulb Wizard of Menlo Park Direct Current (DC) Einstein Theory of Relativity Basis for Atomic bomb Pasteur Pasteurization Vaccination Watt – steam engine