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2 Hydraulics and Hydrology Siphon

3 Equilibrium versus flow 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 2 content

4 Definition of a siphon 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 3 contencontent

5 Priming a siphon Complete immersion of a siphon tube so that the air bubbles out Use of a pump to force water into a siphon tube Use of a syringe plunger to reduce the pressure below the atmospheric pressure and force water into a siphon tube (suction) 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 4 contencontent

6 Siphon features 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 5 contencontent Two legs of unequal length, for conveying liquid over the edge of a vessel and delivering it at a lower level. The action depends upon the influence of gravity (not on the difference in atmospheric pressure; a siphon will work in a vacuum) and upon the cohesive forces that prevent the columns of liquid in the legs of the siphon from breaking under their own weight. At sea level, water can be lifted a little more than 10 meters by a siphon.

7 Siphon (or syphon) 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 6 contencontent

8 The chain analogy 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 7 contencontent

9 Chain of water molecules 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 8 contencontent

10 Polypipe siphon from a river to a lake 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 9 contencontent

11 Cotton irrigation 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 10 content

12 A siphon bottle = not a siphon 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 11 content Not a siphon because pressure drives the liquid up A pressurized bottle with a vent and a valve

13 11/30/2017 Marek Rudnicki, Warsaw University of Technology 12 content The end