1 Indirect objects and Indirect object pronouns (IOPs) What is an indirect object? How do they differ from direct objects? What are the indirect object pronouns? How do they differ from DOPs? Source: http://www.drlemon.com/Grammar/indirectobjects.html#.UoKkXvmsiSohttp://www.drlemon.com/Grammar/indirectobjects.html#.UoKkXvmsiSo

2 Review What is a direct object? The Direct object is something that is acted on directly by the verb Examples (Direct objects in red) To find the direct object, just ask who? or what? relating to the verb. I write the letter. (What was written?) I bought the sweater. (What was bought?) She borrowed a CD. (What was borrowed?) We visited our friends. (Who was visited?)

3 Indirect objects What is an indirect object? The indirect object is the person or thing to whom or for whom the action is performed Examples (DOs in red; IOs in white) To find the indirect object, just ask to whom?, for whom?, or from whom? relating to the verb and DO. I write the letter to my friend. (To whom was it written?) I bought the sweater for Jennifer. (For whom was it bought?) She borrowed a CD from me. (From whom was it borrowed?) You showed the movie to your kids. (To whom was it shown?)

4 Indirect objects vs. Direct objects The direct object gets the direct action. The indirect object gets stuff. Here is an illustration of the difference between direct objects (DO) and indirect objects (IO). The boy reads a book. subject verb DO The boy reads a book to his brother. subject verb DO IO

5 Indirect object pronouns (IOPs) The indirect object pronouns are similar to ones we’ve learned before, but there are a couple differences. There are no masculine and feminine pronouns in the 3rd person; just singular and plural. Subject pronoun Indirect object pronoun yome túte él/ella/ustedle nosotrosnos vosotrosos ellos/ellas/Uds. les

6 IOP placement Rule #1 IOPs (just like DOPs) can be placed before the conjugated verb in a sentence. Yo le compro un regalo a él/ella. (I buy him/her a gift) Ella le quiere comprar un regalo a su novio. (She wants to buy her boyfriend a gift) Rule #2 IOPs can be attached to the end of an infinitive (unconjugated) verb or to the end of the present participle (-ando, -iendo). Yo quiero comprarle un regalo a él/ella. (I want to give him/her a gift) Ella va a comprarle un regalo a su novio. (She is going to buy her BF a gift.)

7 Example of IOPs in Spanish Let’s take a look at the sentences we used as examples before, only this time in Spanish (The boy reads a book). El niño lee el libro. subject verb DO El niño le lee un libro a su hermano. subject verb DO IO

8 Using clarifiers with IOPs Clarification tags-just like with GUSTAR type verbs-clarify who is being referred to. Example: Le presto el dinero a Tomás. (I loan the money to Thomas.) A clarifier is required here, unless we know that we’re talking about Thomas. Yo te presto el dinero a ti. (I loan the money to you.) A clarifier is optional, but not required here, because the IOP te can only refer to tú. It is with le and les that confusion can occur: Le doy el libro is vague if we don't already know exactly to whom I am referring. Le doy el libro a Juan is much clearer: I give the book to Juan.

9 Using clarifiers with IOPs X → Clarifier optional X → Clarifier required (unless person already established) X (a mí) X (a nosotros) X (a ti) X (a vosotros) X (a él/ella/Ud./person’s name) X (a ellos/ellas/Uds/peoples’ names)

10 Identify the different parts of the sentence. (Subject, verb, DO, IO) La camarera les sirve la comida a los clientes en el restaurante.

11 Identify the different parts of the sentence. (Subject, verb, DO, IO) El quarterback le tira el balón al receptor (receiver).

12 Identify the different parts of the sentence. (Subject, verb, DO, IO) Los Beatles les tocan una canción a la audiencia.

13 Identify the different parts of the sentence. (Subject, verb, DO, IO) La abuela le da la medicina al niño.

14 Identify the different parts of the sentence. (Subject, verb, DO, IO) El muchacho le escribe una carta a Papá Noel.

15 Practice with IOPs Write the correct IOP in each sentence. 1.Mi amigo ___ dice la verdad a mí. 2.Él ___ habla a usted. 3.Ella ___ dejó un mensaje a ellos. 4.La profesora ___ explicó la lección a los alumnos. 5.María ___ escribió una carta a ti. 6.El señor ___ contó la historia a todos nosotros. 7.Tu amigo ___ pagó al jardinero. 8.A vosotros ___ preparo la comida. Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the italicized indirect object with a pronoun. 1.Él dijo la verdad a María. 2.El señor Gonzalez habló a sus hijos. 3.El capitán da ordenes a la tripulación. 4.Carlos mandó el paquete a nosotros. 5.El Señor Yates explica la leccíon a sus estudiantes. 6.La chica escribió la carta a su novio. menos teos leles

16 Practice with IOPs Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the red indirect object with a pronoun. 1.Él le dijo la verdad (a María). 2.El señor Gonzalez les hablo (a sus hijos). 3.El capitán les da ordenes (a la tripulación). 4.Carlos nos manda el paquete (a nosotros). 5.El Señor Yates les explica la lección (a sus estudiantes). 6.La chica le escribió la carta (a su novio).

17 Summarize Using your notes, summarize in your own words the most important parts of what you have learned today. How does it relate to what we have covered before? What is the most challenging part? What will be easy for you?