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2 Informal commands (tú): Affirmative & Negative Pronoun placement

3  Remember how easy it is for us to command in English? We do it everyday!  Stand up!  Sit down!  Do your homework!  Take out the garbage!  Don’t walk!  Don’t run!

4 … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”:  Tú: informal, singular  Vosotros: informal, plural  Ud.: formal, singular  Uds.: formal, plural  We will concentrate on the informal commands.

5  Affirmative tú commands are easier than you think!  All you have to do is… use the THIRD PERSON SINGULAR form of the verb -AR verbs: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an -ER/-IR verbs: -o, -es, - e, -emos/-imos, -éis/-ís, -en

6  Por favor, pasa la aspiradora en la sala y saca la basura.  Please vacuum in the living room and take out the trash.  Lee el libro y contesta la pregunta.  Read the book and answer the question.

7 1. Lavar / los platos 2. Caminar / más rápido 3. Pedir/ una receta 4. Comer / las verduras 5. Escribir / el número 6. Beber / el aqua 1. Lava los platos 2. Camina más rápido 3. Pide una receta 4. Come las verduras 5. Escribe el número 6. Bebe el aqua

8  Yes…there are irregulars here too! Lo siento!  But there is a pattern! Yo form tú command Decir Digo Di Poner Pongo Pon Salir Salgo Sal Tener Tengo Ten Venir Vengo ven

9  Unfortunately, these 3 irregulars DO NOT have a pattern  Hacer = haz  Haz la cama inmediatamente  Ser = sé  Sé bueno  Ir = ve  ¡Ve a tu cuarto!

10  Say the answer  Come here  Be cautious (tener cuidado)  Go out with your friends  Set the table  Di la respuesta  Ven aquí  Ten cuidado  Sal con tus amigos  Pon la mesa

11 Informal commands (tú): Negative

12  Take the “yo” form of the verb (present tense)  Change the ending to the opposite TÚ ending  -AR = -es  -ER / -IR = -as

13 --AR verbs GGo to the “yo” DDrop the “o” AAdd the –es hablar NNo hablo NNo habl NNo hables (Don’t speak!) --ER / -IR verbs GGo to the “yo” DDrop the “o” AAdd the –as comer NNo como NNo com NNo comas (Don’t eat!)

14 1. Don’t talk! 2. Don’t run! 3. Don’t swim at night 4. Don’t sing! 5. Don’t forget! (olvidar) 1. ¡No hables! 2. ¡No corras! 3. ¡No nades por la noche! 4. ¡No cantes! 5. ¡No olvides!

15  Most “irregular yo” verbs DO NOT change  ** - go, -zco, -yo, and –jo**  3 examples:  Salir -- salgo  no salgas // sal  Ofrecer -- ofrezco  No ofrezcas // ofrece  Escoger -- escojo  No escojas // escoge

16  Some verbs need a spelling change to maintain the integrity of its sound  Think: **-car, -gar, -zar**  3 examples:  Llegar -- (g  gu)  no llegues // llega  Buscar – (c  qu)  no busques // busca  Cruzar – (z  c)  No cruces // cruza

17 1. Don’t eat lunch (almorzar) 2. Eat lunch! 3. Don’t pay 4. Pay! 5. Don’t go out with your friends 6. Go out with your friends 7. Be careful (tener cuidado) 8. Don’t be careful 9. Play the guitar 10. Don’t play the guitar 1. No almuerces 2. Almuerza 3. No pagues 4. Paga 5. No salgas con tus amigos 6. Sal con tus amigos 7. Ten cuidado 8. No tengas cuidado 9. Toca la guitarra 10. No toques la guitarra

18  There are also irregular negative commands.  But they look VERY similar to the irregular formal commands!  Dé, esté, vaya, sepa, sea Negative tú commands Dar No des Estar No estés Ir No vayas Saber No sepas Ser No seas

19 1. Don’t give that gift 2. Don’t be nervous 3. Don’t go to the store 4. Don’t know the answer 5. Don’t be bad 1. No des ese regalo 2. No estés nervioso 3. No vayas a la tienda 4. No sepas la respuesta 5. No seas malo

20 Informal commands

21  In AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS the pronoun…  FOLLOWS the verb (at the end)  Is ATTACHED  In NEGATIVE COMMANDS the pronoun…  Goes BEFORE the verb  It stands alone

22  ¡Llámame luego!  Call me later!  Tráeme la medicina  Bring me the medicine  No te sientes en una silla incómoda  Don’t sit in an uncomfortable chair  No te pongas tus sandalias en el invierno  Don’t put your sandals on in the winter

23  You can use DIRECT, INDIRECT, and REFLEXIVE pronouns  DIRECT: me, te, lo, la, nos, os, los, las  INDIRECT: me, te, le, nos, os, les  REFLEXIVE: me, te, se, nos, os, se

24  The rules stay the same as with DOUBLE OBJECTS (indirect, direct & “le=se”)  The order is = INDIRECT (to whom? To what?) then DIRECT ( who? what?)  Think --- I.D. (Indirect Object, Direct Object)  DIRECT: Tú / comprar /un libro / para mí  CómprameloNo me lo compres  INDIRECT: Tú / dar / el libro / a mí  DámeloNo me lo des  REFLEXIVE: Tú / ponerse / las sandalias  PóntelasNo te las pongas

25  le lo = se lo le la = se la le los = se los le las = se las les lo = se lo les la = se la les los = se los les las = se las  **regular**  No me lo compres.  Don't buy it for me.  **changed**  No se las traigas.  Don't bring them to her.  Se = her  Las = them  Muéstraselo  Show it to him/her

26  Don’t explain it to them  (explicar/lo/les)  Don’t buy those for her  (compar/los/le)  Don’t tell him that  (decir/lo/le)  Read the book to him  (leer/lo/le)  Write the information for  her (escribir/la/le)  No se lo expliques  No se los compres  No se lo digas  Léeselo  Escríbesela

27  The accent helps maintain stress on the correct syllable.  If the command has only one syllable, a written accent is only necessary when two pronouns are added.  Dime(di)Tell me  DímeloTell it to me // Tell me it  If the command has more than one syllable, a written accent is required when one or more pronouns are added. (stress stays on verb stem)  Cómpralos(com/pra)Buy them  CómpramelosBuy them for me// buy me those

28 1. Tell me 2. Look at it 3. Give me the book 4. Don’t make dinner (la cena) 5. Put on your shoes! 6. Don’t eat junk food (comida basura) 7. Don’t tell them the secret (el secreto) 8. Don’t buy the prescription for her 9. Don’t tell it to her/him/them 10. Sit up straight (bien) 1. Dime 2. Míralo 3. Dámelo 4. No la hagas 5. Póntelos 6. No la comas 7. No se lo digas 8. No se la pagues 9. No se lo traigas 10. Siéntate bien

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