1 INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF REWORK IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSAims and Scope of this Survey The aim of this survey is to obtain information from construction practitioners about the costs, causes and effects of rework in construction projects so that effective prevention strategies can be developed. In construction, the direct cost of rework has been found to be considerable in projects. These costs could be even higher as they do not incorporate the latent costs and disruption caused by schedule delays, litigation costs and other intangible aspects of poor quality. To Complete the Survey For the purposes of the survey, rework is defined as “the unnecessary effort of re-doing a process or activity that was incorrectly implemented the first time”. Specifically, you should relate the answers that you provide to a recently completed project that you have been involved with. It is very important that each question is read carefully and that all questions are answered. The survey should take about 20 MINUTES to complete. Construction Professionals Approached The survey has been distributed to randomly selected construction practitioners. You are assured that the information obtained from this survey will be kept strictly CONFIDENTIAL and will be only used for research purposes. Data will not be made available to any third party or used in any published material, except as a component in aggregated statistics. Report Offered Upon request, those who participate in the study will receive a free copy of a report summarising the results of this survey. The name and address which you optionally supply will be immediately separated from the questionnaire. To Return the Survey Please complete the survey and return POST-FREE within 14 days in the reply paid envelope provided. Thank you for your cooperation and assistance Professor Peter Love - Curtin University Professor Robert Tiong– Nangyang Technological University Professor M– University of New South Wales Dr Jim Smith – The University of Melbourne All correspondence to: Professor Peter Love, School of Built Environmenet, Curtin University, GPO Box, U1987, Perth, Australia WA 6027

2 Section 1: Project CharacteristicsMark your answers by ticking the responses as shown: Use black/blue pen or pencil. Place a tick in the response box. Erase or white-out errors completely. Example Please answer every question. 1 2 3 4 5 Section 1: Project Characteristics What was the role of your organisation in the project? Architect Mechanical Engineer Structural Engineer Contractor Electrical Engineer Project Manager Other (Please specify) What was the project type? New Build Refurbishment/Renovation Fit-out Other (Please specify) What was the facility type that best describes the project? Administrative - Authorities Educational - University Commercial - Retail Administrative - Civic Entertainment Commercial - Offices Administrative - Diplomatic Hotel/Motel/Resort Industrial - Warehouse Banks Hospitals/Health Industrial - Factory Educational - School Commercial - Recreational Other (Please specify) What was the project’s original value at the award of the contract? $ What was the project’s contract value on practical completion (ie Final Account)? $ What was the project’s original construction period at award of the contract? Weeks 7. What was the project’s actual construction period? Weeks What type of procurement method was used for the project? Traditional Lump Sum Design and Manage Design and Build Traditional Cost Plus Construction Management Novation Traditional with Provisional Management Contracting Turnkey/Package Deal Quantities Other (Please specify) What type of tendering was used to select your organisation for the project? Single Stage Two Stage Negotiated Other (Please specify)

3 Section 2: Organisational ProfileWhat was the project’s Gross Floor Area (m2)? 11. How many floors did the project have? m2 12. Please indicate the level of importance which you think was placed on each of the project’s drivers: Project Drivers Extremely important Not at all important Quite important Completion on time 1 2 3 4 5 Delivered on budget 1 2 3 4 5 Quality level of design, workmanship and materials 1 2 3 4 5 Safety 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 Section 2: Organisational Profile What is your organisation’s estimated annual turnover? < $1M >$250M $1-10M $11-50M $51-250M How many people does your organisation directly employ? < 10 >100 10-30 31-50 51-100 In what State is your organisation situated? Vic WA NSW Qld SA Section 3: Organisational Management Practices 16. Please indicate the extent to which each of the following quality practices are implemented in your organisation: Not at all To some extent To a very large extent Quality Practices Measurement of quality costs 1 2 3 4 5 International Standards Organisation (eg., IS0 9000) 1 2 3 4 5 Quality function deployment 1 2 3 4 5 Total quality management 1 2 3 4 5 Improvement teams/work teams 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5

4 Section 4: Project Performance17. Please indicate the extent to which each of the following learning mechanisms are implemented in your organisation: Not at all To some extent Learning To a very large extent Training programs for staff 1 2 3 4 5 Self-learning of individuals 1 2 3 4 5 Collaboration with external organisations 1 2 3 4 5 Research and development 1 2 3 4 5 External benchmarking 1 2 3 4 5 Continuing professional development (CPD) 1 2 3 4 5 Internal benchmarking 1 2 3 4 5 Project reviews 1 2 3 4 5 Internal seminars on new developments 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 Section 4: Project Performance 18. Please indicate the extent to which rework influenced the performance of the project that you have selected for each of the following factors: Not at all To some extent To a very large extent Project Performance Cost overrun 1 2 3 4 5 Time overrun Contractual claims Client dissatisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 Contractor’s dissatisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Design teams’ dissatisfaction Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

5 Section 5: Rework and its Impact on Cost and Schedule19. To what extent were rework costs attributable to each of the following design-related sources for the project you have selected: To a very large extent Not at all To some extent Design-related sources Change(s) made at the request of the contractor during construction 1 2 3 4 5 Change(s) made at the request of the client Change(s) initiated by an end-user/regulatory bodies Revision(s), modification(s) and improvement(s)of the design initiated by the contractor or subcontractor Error(s) made in the contract documentation Omission(s) of item(s) from the contract documentation Other (Please specify) 20. To what extent were rework costs attributable to each of the following construction-related sources for the project that you have selected: To a very large extent Not at all To some extent Construction-related sources Change(s) in the method of construction to improve constructability 1 2 3 4 5 Change(s) in construction methods due to site conditions Change(s) initiated by the client or an occupier after some work had been undertaken on-site Change(s) initiated by the client or an occupier when a product or process had been completed Change(s) made during the manufacture of product Change(s) initiated by a contractor to improve quality Error(s) due to inappropriate construction methods Omission(s) of some activity or task 1 2 3 4 5 Damage(s) caused by a subcontractor Other (Please specify)

6 21. Please indicate which areas of cost increased as a result of rework for the project that you have selected: Not at all To some extent To very large extent Cost-sources Preliminaries (eg., scaffolding, cranage) 1 2 3 4 5 Fees for design consultants 1 2 3 4 5 Acceleration costs 1 2 3 4 5 Overtime costs 1 2 3 4 5 Supervision (eg. stacking of trades) 1 2 3 4 5 Disruption costs 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 22. Please indicate the extent to which rework affected productivity in relation to each of the following factors: Not at all To very large extent Productivity To some extent Poor morale 1 2 3 4 5 Dilution of supervision Fatigue Conflict 1 2 3 4 5 Absenteeism 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 23. Please provide an estimate for the following rework costs for the project that you have selected as a percentage of the project’s original contract value (%): % Direct cost Indirect cost 24. To what extent do you consider the direct rework costs for the selected project differed from other projects that you have been involved with: To some extent Not all all To a very large extent 1 2 3 4 5

7 Section 6: Management of the Project25. The following are client-related factors which might be the cause of rework. For the project you have selected indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements: Client-related factors Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly agree Lack of experience and knowledge of the design and construction process 1 2 3 4 5 Lack of funding allocated for site investigations Lack of client involvement in the project Inadequate time and money spent on the briefing process 1 2 3 4 5 Poor communication with design consultants (architect/engineers) 1 2 3 4 5 Payment of low fees for preparing contract documentation 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 26. The following are design-related factors which might be the cause of rework. For the project you have selected indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements: Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly agree Design-related factors Ineffective use of quality management practices 1 2 3 4 5 Ineffective use of information technologies (eg. CADD) Poor coordination between different design team members Time boxing (ie a fixed time is allocated to a task, irrespective of whether the documentation is complete or not) 1 2 3 4 5 Poor planning of workload 1 2 3 4 5 Lack of manpower to complete the required tasks 1 2 3 4 5 Staff turnover/re-allocation to other projects 1 2 3 4 5 Incomplete design at the time of tender 1 2 3 4 5 Insufficient time to prepare contract documentation 1 2 3 4 5 Inadequate client brief to prepare detailed contract documentation 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5

8 agree Strongly agree Strongly agree27. The following are site-management related factors which might be the cause of rework. For the project you have selected indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements: Ineffective use of quality management practices Ineffective use of information technologies (eg. CADD) 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree agree Site Management Setting-out errors Poor planning and coordination of resources (eg., subcontractors) Staff turnover/re-allocation to other projects Failure to provide protection to constructed works 28. The following are subcontractor-related factors which might be the cause of rework. For the project you have selected indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements: Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly agree Subcontractor Ineffective use of quality management practices 1 2 3 4 5 Damage to other trades work due to carelessness Inadequate managerial and supervisory skills Low labour skill level 1 2 3 4 5 Use of poor quality materials 1 2 3 4 5 29. Please indicate your extent of agreement with the following statements about the scope for the project that you have selected: Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly agree Project Scope Changes in the scope of work were documented and issued to respective parties on a regular basis 1 2 3 4 5 Scope was re-evaluated before the project was documented 1 2 3 4 5 Scope definition was resolved before the project commenced 1 2 3 4 5 End-users involved in the development of the project scope 1 2 3 4 5 Client had a disciplined approach to decision-making 1 2 3 4 5

9 Procurement Strategies30. Please indicate your extent of agreement with the following statements about the contract documentation for the project that you have selected: Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Strongly agree Contract Documentation Contract documentation was of a high standard compared to other projects 1 2 3 4 5 Contract documentation was cross-checked to ensure changes, if any, had been coordinated 1 2 3 4 5 Contract documentation was prepared by inexperienced personnel 1 2 3 4 5 Design reviews and verifications were undertaken 1 2 3 4 5 An assessment of the status of the architect’s/engineers design and the potential for change was provided to the contractor 1 2 3 4 5 31. Please indicate your extent of agreement with the following statements about the communication practices for the project that you have selected: 1 2 3 4 5 Requests for information were answered in a timely manner Any change/error/omission that was identified was immediately reported and acted upon. Strongly agree The specification for the performance and quality requirements of the building were clearly defined Roles and responsibilities of the project team were clearly defined in terms of milestones, measures and defined procedures Communication Strongly disagree Neither agree nor disagree Working procedures and communication lines were clearly defined The client’s needs and the project’s priorities were communicated to the project team 32. Please indicate by ticking the appropriate box which of the following procurement strategies were implemented in the project you have identified. Also indicate how effective the strategy was for reducing the incidence of rework: Tick Ineffective Quite effective Highly effective Procurement Strategies 1 2 3 4 5 Contractual incentives (eg., savings split) Pre-qualification Project quality management system Relational contracting (eg. strategic/project partnering) Bills of Quantities (in accordance with ASMM 5) Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5

10 Section 7: General Comments33. Please indicate by ticking the appropriate box which of the following design management strategies were implemented in the project you have identified. Also indicate how effective the strategy was for reducing the incidence of rework: Quite effective Highly Effective Tick Design Management Ineffective Value management 1 2 3 4 5 Design for construction (eg standardised components) 1 2 3 4 5 Computer visualisation techniques 1 2 3 4 5 Involvement of subcontractor/suppliers during design 1 2 3 4 5 Constructability analysis 1 2 3 4 5 Design scope freezing 1 2 3 4 5 Team building 1 2 3 4 5 Other (Please specify) 1 2 3 4 5 Section 7: General Comments 34. This section allows you the opportunity to provide your comments on the survey and the issues that it raises. Please also provide details of any issues that you feel were not addressed.

11 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR TIME AND ASSISTANCE IN COMPLETING THIS SURVEY If you wish to receive a free copy of the report detailing the survey results, please write your name and address in the space provided below (or attach a business card). Name Position Company Address State Postcode Phone Fax Would you be prepared to be interviewed as part of this research: Yes No Should you have any complaint concerning the manner in which this research is conducted, please do not hesitate to contact the Edith Cowan University Standing Committee on Ethics in Research on Humans at the following address: Executive Officer Human Research Ethics Committee Edith Cowan University Churchlands Perth WA 6018