1 Internationalization of ResearchFocus on Natural Sciences Tebello Nyokong

2 Research and Universities:Universities - not just for teaching knowledge – they should create it students - not just learning but serve as a think tank - bring new knowledge.

3 Senegal Innovation - not limited to Universities:Scientific Innovation should also be encouraged from the general public Falling Walls – Program for all Senegal

4 Chicken and egg situation:difficult to obtain funding unless you have established yourself establishing yourself requires money At the start – have to do more with less Adapt your research to suit your financial situation

5 The making of a researcherUse criticism to your advantage– you learn from the reviewers Apply for any allowed funding. Publish/Patent your work

6 Why publish/patent your work?To make money for Rhodes? Because you want to be promoted? To share new knowledge – the top are benefits

7 The making of a researcherRe-invent yourself at all times – while having fun Avoid administration with extensive responsibility Attend top conferences Speak out! Always go for oral presentation.

8 Success in Research: “Young” ResearchersUseful to have Mentors – someone to talk to Assistance with application for funding Research office: Alerting researchers on opportunities

9 Short (many) papers vs big pieces of workIndividual researchers know best for their area Reviewers and editors – should reject such papers – do their job

10 Quality of journals?? Impact factor – Very variable for each discipline and sub-discipline eg high in Biological Sciences, low in Maths Journals require contribution of each author – good Funding agents and promotion committees should check individual contribution

11 Being cited – very importantH index – ISI (more trusted) Publications Citations

12 Why Internationalize Research?Improved quality of research Allows for deeper engagement with national, regional, and global issues Prepares students as global citizens

13 Why Internationalize Research?Access for students to programmes/facilities that are unavailable or scarce in their home countries. Enhanced opportunities for academic staff improvement - decreased risk of academic ‘inbreeding’. Making Africa a destination for quality research – My idea

14 TOF-SIMS ~ R XPS ~ R

15 Internationalize through:Exchange of knowledge through publications Physical mobility (conferences, exchanges) Collaborative research

16 Internationalize through:International exploitation of innovation Being involved in global challenges

17 Why Collaborate: To pool resources for common research and development goals. Costs of equipment Development of manpower (students)  Exchange of ideas

18 How to meet potential collaborators:Visit international conferences Publications Prof Rodica Ion (Romania) We met: Greece 1999 EU COST program 2004 (cooperation of science and Technology) Romania /SA – 2011 Dr Bedioui (France) – Publications (from 2002, Japan)

19 Mike Cook (2002) Japan

20 blue- student visit mapFrance, Norway, Belgium, Romania Switzerland, Germany, Greece Russia UK Canada/USA Turkey China Japan India Kenya Brazil New Zealand Chile Collaborator Map: blue- student visit map Nigeria

21 Successful InternationalizationMutual respect Appropriately designed funding formula (NRF bilateral) Equal exchange of staff and students

22 Indicators of successful collaboration: co-publications40 publications with Turkey and one book 23 publication with France and two book chapters 15 with Japan 7 with Germany

23 Indicators of successful collaboration: student training22 student exchanges with Japan (mainly SA to Japan) 13 student exchanges with France (equal exchange) 3 student exchanges - Romania 3 with Switzerland (only SA to Switzerland) 

24 8 student exchanges with Germany (equal exchange)

25 student exchanges with China (equal exchange)

26 Internationalization (collaboration) and quality of ResearchScience is the same New ideas

27 Student (and post-doc) ORIGIN MapBelgium/ France/ Germany/Turkey Nigeria/Ghana/ DRC/ Cameroon Chile Lesotho/ South Africa/Swaziland China/Russia Angola Kuwait India/Kenya/Pakistan

28 Collaboration in AfricaContribution from both sides OWSD – organization for women in science UN High Level Panel on STI supporting Mechanism for least developed countries African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA)

29 Collaboration in Africa - contCentralized facilities – such as the Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation at Rhodes Funding for travel

30 Building research capacityTraining the next generation – from the continent Training of staff to be lecturers in other parts of Africa and for South Africa

31 Nanotechnology facility use MapRussia Germany/ France Senegal China Nigeria Turkey SA: Mintek, CSIR, UKZN, UCT,UJ, UP, UFH, NWU, NMMU, Wits Kuwait Kenya

32 Educating Politicians about Research

33 Educating All – the Public protectorStudents must speak science in ENGLISH

34 The young motivating the young!

35 Restoration of cultural heritage using NanotechnologyExample of a global research project Restoration of cultural heritage using Nanotechnology

36 Before After

37 Romania South Africa SEM Before SEM After treatmentOur new project: Restoration of cultural heritage using Nanotechnology Romania South Africa SEM Before SEM After treatment

38 Example of a global research projectTreatment of cancer

39 New methods of treating cancerPhotodynamic therapy (PDT): use of (laser) light, a drug (dyes) and oxygen to treat disease (cancer):

41 Product Development MapClinical practice - Russia UK: Drug development Germany, Switzerland: Pre-clinical testing Japan- Drug development China: Preclinical testing SA- Drug development

42 Another global problem:Laser attacks

43 Protecting the eye against strong laser light:Laser light (from a laser pointer) was directed at pilots landing at Seattle-Tacoma Airport - Feb 24th 2009

44 Laser incidents Between Jan 1, 2010 and Feb 29, 2012, 181 lasing incidents in South Africa alone. We developed thin films to place on glasses or cockpit to prevent laser attacks - Germany

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