1 Internet & Multimedia Sadiq M. Sait, Ph.D [email protected]Department of Computer Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
2 Talk Outline Two main components Internet Services & WWWWeb Related Multimedia
3 Will Cover Introduction to the InternetInternet Access, Tools & Navigation Internet Services World Wide Web Multimedia and formats And more Will mention briefly: Creating Web Pages Getting an ISP
4 What Is The Internet? Worldwide network of computer networksNo central authority Quick communication & data transfer Size more than doubles annually Traffic increases more than 15%/month Offers an enormous array of information
5 What Is The Internet? Network of computer networksCommon language (TCP/IP)
6 Who Runs The Internet? http://www.isoc.orgNo one owns or runs the Internet. Every computer connected to the Internet is responsible for its own part. The National Science Foundation is responsible for maintaining only the backbone. If something doesn’t work, you do not complain to the ‘management’ of the Internet. Instead you talk to the system administrators of the computer you are connected to.
7 The Internet Then ... Internet is network of networks.Users on one computer can access services from other computers. You can access a wide variety of these services Each service can give you many kinds of information. In summary: The Internet is provides a way to move data from one computer to another
8 Virtual Library Databases Publications Software AudiovisualsIndividual Library Catalogs MEDLINE Publications English, Arabic and other Newspapers Electronic journals Software “Freeware” or “Shareware” Audiovisuals Graphics, sound, motion pictures
9 What Do You Do On The Internet?Search and Retrieve Documents Exchange (100 M addresses) Download programs, demos and graphics Search databases of Companies and Government Read and Response to USENET groups (30,000 different topics) Real-time chat, web-phone and video conference
10 What Do You Do On The Internet? (Examples)Book an air ticket (best itinerary) Choose and order a book from a bookstore Order Pizza Buy Stocks (invest in companies) See a movie Make friends Visit e-malls, do e-shopping Watch what others are doing Display info about yourself Gossip etc.
11 What really is a Service?On internet (network of networks), computers communicate with one another. Users of one computer can access services from another. You can use many methods to communicate with a computer somewhere else on the Internet. These methods used to communicate are called services because they service your requests. There are a wide variety of services, and each can give you many kinds of information. In summary the internet is a: way to move data (audio, video, etc) a bunch of protocols (or rules for machines to communicate with each other)
12 Clients and Servers All that we speak of internet fall into three categories: Clients Servers Content Software/Hardware that we use to browse the web, send mail, download files, etc are called clients. Servers respond to clients requests.
13 Internet Applications: FTP and WWWClient FTP server User files Internet Browser Helper Applications Web Server Binary Graphics Audio Video
14 Available Services Some most popular services on the Internet are: Telnet FTP WWW Others (Archie, Wais, Gopher, News and News Groups, Internet Relay Chat, Internet Phone, Net2phone, Video Conferencing, & Internet Collaborative Tools)
15 Available Services (Contd.)Electronic mail Telnet: Remote login into computer networks FTP: File Transfer Protocol for transferring computer files WWW: World Wide Web Gopher: Searchable index, selectable index of documents USENET: Newsgroups with different subjects enable people with common interest to share information Chat: Real-time communications between people on the Internet
16 E-mail Most popular and widely used internet service.Has become a de-facto standard of communication within the corporate and beyond. Works between disparate systems like PC, Unix, Mac, etc. Latest standards let users attach files (audio, video, animation, etc). Volume of data transferred is billions of bytes/day.
17 E-mail (Contd.) It is easy to send, read, reply to, and manage.It is convenient, global, economical and very fast. Studies have shown that recipients are more likely to reply to an message than a written request. can be read or written at any time, independent of time zones and business hours.
18 Recipient’s Mail ClientHow works? Sender’s Mail Client Post Office Server (SMTP) Mail Server (POP3) Recipient’s Mail Client
19 E-mail addresses/Mailing listsFinding an Address Finger Whois Mailing list/Groups of addresses
20 FTP File types could be ASCII or BinaryFile Transfer Protocol Allows transfer of any type of file from the remote server to a local computer and vice versa File types could be ASCII or Binary All types of files from text to multimedia can be transferred. Two types of FTP: Secure and Anonymous can download or upload files without having an account on the machine.
21 Archie The archie service is a collection of resource discovery tools that together provide an electronic directory service for locating information in an Internet environment. Archie creates a central index of files available on anonymous FTP sites around the Internet. The Archie servers connect to anonymous FTP sites that agree to participate and download lists of all the files on these sites. These lists of files are merged into a database, which users can then search
22 WAIS WAIS stands for Wide Area Information Server and is pronounced “ways”. WAIS searches for words in documents. The core of the software is an indexer, used to create full-text indexes of files fed to it, and a server that can use those indexes to search for keywords or whole English expressions among the files indexed.
23 Gopher The term Gopher refers to: - A network protocol - A server type- One of the many Gopher client applications. Gopher protocol and software allow for browsing information systems so that one doesn’t need to know exactly where the needed information is before looking for it. You do need to know the address of a Gopher server to get started. Veronica is a service that provides a (very large) index of titles of Gopher items from most servers throughout the Internet.
24 Discussion on the Net Network news is another way to take part in a lot of discussions over the internet Talk Internet relay chat Internet phone Net2Phone Video Conferencing
25 Introduction to WWW
26 Introduction to WWW WWW Terminology Web page basicsWeb Client/Server Software and HTTP Images, Image maps, forms, and frames Web authoring Search engines Related topics and much more
27 Lingo HyperText: Enables linking to places Link(s)Hyperlinks: Hot spots on which a user can click to access other: topics (in the same document) documents, or Web sites URL: Addresses on Internet to which hot spots connect
28 Lingo GIF, JPEG, XBM, XPM (picture formats)Netscape, Mosaic, Iexplorer (browsers) WebEdit, HoTMetaL, FrontPage (editors/tools) FTP, TCP/IP, HTTP (protocols) Applets, J++, javac, Java Engine (Java programming) xv, clipart, etc (graphics editors)
29 Why Design and for Who? Personal Pages Companies, Organizations(schools, universities, research centers, etc) News Networks Journals Events (conferences, international games, etc) Internet/Intranet
30 What in this session? What is HTML and why do we care? WWW and HTTPHTML Document structure Images and Hyperlinks Multimeda (audio/video streaming, webcam) Other Web related aspects
31 What is HTML? HTML is a structured languagerules of nesting All WWW documents are written in HTML WWW World Wide Web Most popular Internet information service
32 What is Internet? What is Internet? Worlds largest network Collection of interconnected networks built on the Internet protocol TCP/IP Growing at an amazing rate Open system with decentralized management Estimated: 28.8 million people over 16 in the US have access, 16.4 million use the Internet and 11.5 million use the web.
33 World Wide Web Client/Server ArchitectureDesigned to make it easy for people to share information Hides complexities of location of documents Easy to distribute information Fun to look at Hyperlinks Highlighted words or pictures Item pointed to may be another document image, movie, sound clip etc
34 Example Visit NYSE city tours NYSE sounds view sights MovieNY CITY TOURS NYSE sounds view sights Movie sound audio
35 WWW Browsers Interpret HTTP as well as other protocolsftp, mailto, gopher, etc. Display physical formatted HTML text in-line images hyperlinks
36 Helpers/Plugins Helper ApplicationsPrograms on the user’s computer that can be used to display images, movies, sound, etc. that cannot be displayed on the browser itself Sound files Movies (MPEG) Mail Other file formats Examples (media player, real player, etc)
37 Why learn HTML? Everyone is a publisher WWW documents must be in HTMLThe architecture of the Internet allows almost anyone to become an information provider for a world wide audience WWW documents must be in HTML To create your own home page you need to know some HTML Not a must It is very easy to learn
38 Creating an HTML Page Requirements FocusText or HTML Editor to enter TAGS Graphics editors Browser (Netscape, Internet Explorer, Lynx, etc.) Focus Usable and Eye-catching documents Images in Web pages Animation
39 HTML Basics HTML documents contain 3 things Example Text +TAGSExternal Multimedia such as graphics, sound, movies, etc. Example
40 What are Tags? Mark text as headings, paragraphsformatting (physical, logical) list quotations, etc. Also for creating hyperlinks including images, making tables fill-in forms, frames
41 How do they look?
A paragraph comes here
Anchor 42 HTML Document StructureBasic Structure
43 HTML Document StructureHTML= head + body Body elements contain all the text and other material to be displayed Line breaks and indentation exist only for human readability Comment for pre-formatted text
44 Example a para of text comes here Big heading
Small heading
45 More on Tags HTML elements Attributes for elementsstart tag and end tag 
tag names and attributes are case insensitive filename is case sensitive
46 Spinning your HTML Web To create hot spots (or Anchors) you need two things URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) Links Anchors and Links allow readers to jump from place to place in the document URL is a fancy way of saying address or location for information on the Internet
47 URL Anatomy & Types Example: protocol indicator,hostname,directory/filename Types: Absolute URLs (also called complete URLs) Relative URLs (are incomplete URLs) Other Protocols (mailto, ftp, etc) ftp://ftp/pub/images/backgrounds/glosbgr.gif
48 Examples http://www.ccse.kfupm.edu.sa/~sadiq/tut.html
49 Building Anchors Components required The Tag: anchor_name HREF: Indicates where to jump NAME: Identifies an internal label HREF: Lets users jump to either material on the same Web site or to other material on the Internet NAME: Lets users jump to material within the same document
50 Named Anchor & Basic Linksanchor_name something = #name name=funny (for example) something = filename.html[#name] tutorial.html something = a Web site, for example ftp://www/ksu.edu.sa/~ahmed/jokes.html Funny
51 Images Including Aligning Using them as linksMaking images load more quickly Using thumbnail images
52 Adding Images Must include them as GIF or JPG graphicsUse graphic editors, scanners, or, borrow Must use an Image Tag BORDER=# of pixels, controls the thickness of the border Pictures can be aligned Left, Right, etc.
53 Example of Image Inclusion Dr. Sadiq M. Saits Biography
ALT="Picture of Sadiq Sait " ALIGN=RIGHT> Picture of Sadiq M. Sait for his biography...
54 More on Images Loading of images is made faster by telling the browser the size of the image Size is specified in pixels You can link by using images Can have pictures with no borders You can use thumbnail images to link to larger images Making clickable images (image maps)
55 Other Attributes Choosing ColorsBackground Links (link, alink, vlink) Text Colors can be chosen for tables, background etc. RGB concept (#FFFFFF=white) Choosing background (using images, .gif files)
56 Some More Tags CENTER, BLINK, HR, APPLET