1 Introduction to RhetoricMr. Bui - English 11
2 What We Will Learn: The Basics of RhetoricToday, we will learn about… The definition, background, and significance of rhetoric SOAPStone and the Rhetorical Triangle The Rhetorical Appeals (Ethos, Logos, Pathos)
3 Basic/Detailed DefinitionRhetoric – the art of persuasive speaking or writing In more detail…Rhetoric is… the art of convincing an audience that it should listen to, and be persuaded by, the rhetor’s argument through the arrangement, delivery, and style of his/her message. “Rhetorical” – relating to rhetoric
4 Background/SignificanceYou can thank Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, for crafting the foundation of rhetoric. Rhetoric allows you to… Read, write, think, and live more critically. Fully participate as a global citizen. Turn words into actions.
5 SOAPSTone Speaker – the person delivering/addressing the message/subject Occasion – the context that prompted the message Audience - the person/people to whom the message is directed Purpose - the intent of the speaker Subject – the topic/content of the message Tone – the attitude of the speaker towards the subject or the audience
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7 SOAPSTone/Triangle ExampleSpeaker – Mr. Bui Occasion – English 11 students live in a world constructed by rhetoric Audience – English 11 Students Purpose – to inform students of how the rhetorical triangle works Subject – The Rhetorical Triangle Tone – didactic Coming up next: the appeals!
8 The Rhetorical Appeals: The Means of PersuasionEthos Logos Pathos
9 Ethos Definition: the speaker establishes credibility/trustworthinessHow to… Demonstrate knowledge, experience, or expertise Establish common ground or relatability with the audience Demonstrate fairness
10 Ethos Examples Professional Degree/Recognition Years of ExperienceCommon Ground
11 Logos Definition: the speaker appeals to theaudience’s sense of logic. How to… Provide examples, facts, or statistics Include Expert Testimonies Establish cause and effect
12 “According to…” Logos Examples Percentages/Amounts Real ExamplesExpert Insight “According to…”
13 Pathos Definition: the speaker appeals to theemotions of the audience. How to… Use descriptive language Use figurative language (simile, metaphor, etc.) Share personal/real anecdotes (stories) Use word choice that makes people feel something (Connotation/Loaded Words)
14 Pathos Examples Evoking joy, excitement, fear, sadness, jealousy, etc.Using descriptive language to describe something disturbing or shocking Story of a personal experience, i.e. Sharing a tragic story of losing a loved one due to an illness or disorder Making the audience feel like they need something to be happier Music in a commercial
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16 Practicing Appeals Please identify… ETHOS? LOGOS? OR PATHOS?
17 Practicing Appeals 1. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “about half of all new establishments survive five years or more and about one-third survive 10 years or more. As one would expect, the probability of survival increases with a firm’s age. Survival rates have changed little over time.”
18 Practicing Appeals 2. A small puppy in a cage comes into view. The camera pans around into the dark, narrow space that confines the cage and its captive. The camera zooms back to the puppy’s large, sorrowful eyes, which wince in slow-motion. Text fades onto the screen, “Adopt an Animal Today.”
19 Practicing Appeals 3. Brian’s power-washing company has been serving clients in the Greater Philadelphia Area for over 25 years!
20 Practicing Appeals 4. According to Statista, in 2015, [McDonald’s] not only had 14,259 restaurants in the United States, but a further 22,266 in international locations.
21 Practicing Appeals 5. Imagine what it would be like as a nine-year old boy, who is afraid to go to school because of the way other kids treat you. Every hallway. Every classroom. Every corner. There is no where to hide from the comments, from the shoving, from the pain. Yes, a building full of people..but you feel as if no one is there to support you. Imagine that.
22 Practicing Appeals 6. My friends at my school recommended the new restaurant in Valley Square. We usually enjoy the same kind of food and service, so I think I’ll try it out!
23 Practicing Appeals 7. C.B. South High School stands out because it provides a diverse options for extracurricular activities. For instance, one could join anything from the swim team to mock trial to Great Films club. There are SO many options!
24 Practicing Appeals 8. According to National Geographic, “since 1959, Florida has had more shark attacks (603) than lightning fatalities (459).”