1 KS4 Physical Education Skill Related FitnessThese icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable. For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation. 1 of 14 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
2 Learning objectives Learning objectivesWhat we will learn in this presentation: The definitions of: agility balance coordination power reaction time and speed. Learning objectives How and why these elements of skill related fitness are important to different sports. 2 of 14 © Boardworks Ltd 2006
3 Agility Agility is the ability of the performer to change the position of their body quickly, whilst keeping their entire body under control. Agility is especially important in sports like fencing and squash that require quick and precise movements.
4 Balance Balance is the ability of the performer to retain their centre of mass over their base of support. Balance can be: static – for example, standing on one leg dynamic – for example, keeping your balance on a bike as it goes round a corner. Answer: Dynamic Surfer image © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation What type of balance does a surfer need?
5 Balance
6 Coordination Coordination is the ability of the performer to move two or more body parts accurately and smoothly in response to stimuli from the senses. Coordination allows you to produce complex actions from a number of smaller movements. For example, an effective tennis stroke requires coordinating footwork and arm action. © EMPICS Ltd
7 power = strength × speedPower is a combination of strength and speed – it is the ability to do strength performances quickly. power = strength × speed Power is important in explosive events like throwing and sprinting. Power is vital to getting a good start in short races. Image © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
8 Reaction time Reaction time is the amount of time it takes for a performer to initiate movement after the presentation of a stimulus. For example, how quickly a table tennis player reacts to a wide serve from their opponent. The faster they react, the better their chance of making the return. A stimulus could be anything from a starting gun to a sudden side-step by an opponent, or a shout from a teammate.
9 Speed Speed is the rate at which a performer is able to perform a movement or cover a set distance. It could be how fast a badminton player can move their racket to cover a drop shot, or how fast an athlete can run 1,500 m. Speed is very important in many sports – it can often be the thing that separates a good performer from a great performer. Rugby – speed is very important to outpace opponents in both attack and defence. Speed is also important in skills, e.g., getting a clearance kick away before it is charged down, or passing out of a tackle. The importance of speed will vary depending on position. Dancing – the importance of speed will vary greatly depending on type of dance. For example, speed of movement is very important in tap dancing. Running speed is rarely important in dance. Lawn bowls – speed is not important. In fact, the faster you bowl, the worse you are likely to do. Even when performing driving shots, performers never use their maximum speed of movement. How important is speed in the following activities? Rugby Dancing Lawn bowls
10 Skill related fitness
11 Questions Consider the sports that you are offering for your GCSE.Identify examples of when you might require: Agility Balance Coordination Power Reaction Time Speed
12 Skill related fitness in specific sportsImages of swimmer, golfer and cricket © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation
13 Skill related fitness in specific sports
14 Exam-style questions 1. Explain briefly how power and balance are important to: a rugby union player a weightlifter. 2. Explain briefly how coordination and speed are important to: a triple jumper a cross-country skier. 3. Identify three sports where reaction time is important to performance and explain what might happen if a performer’s reaction time was too slow. a) Power is useful in contact situations and to create speed. Balance helps the player to change direction and support line-out jumpers. b) Power produces the force to lift heavy weights. Balance helps the performer lift and hold the weight without falling over. a) Coordination helps a triple jumper to time the movements of their arms and legs to achieve the best possible action. Speed helps the triple jumper to jump further, as it creates momentum. b) A cross-country skier needs to coordinate their arms and legs to produce a smooth and efficient action. They need speed in order to cover distance as quickly as possible. Three sports could include: badminton, 100m sprint, cricket. If a badminton player reacts too slowly, they will not reach fast or wide shots from their opponent. If a sprinter has poor reactions, they will lose ground at the start. If a cricketer reacts too slowly, they will miss catches and find it difficult to respond quickly enough to play good shots while batting. Agility means the ability of the performer to change the position of their body quickly, whilst keeping their entire body under control. 4. What is meant by the term ‘agility’?