1 Lección Preliminar Repaso de Español 1
2 Los básicos Spanish 1 gave you all of the building blocks to be successful for Spanish 2. We are going to review most of the key concepts.
3 What did we learn in Spanish I? Greetings/farewells Telling time Countries/capitals Where you are from The alphabet Numbers 1-10 If you don’t remeber some of these, go back and review old notes and/or look through an old Spanish 1 book. (We will not spend time reviewing these topics…)
4 What we will cover… Articles Subject pronouns + ser Adjective + noun agreement TenerGustar Ir (to go) Ser vs. Estar Present tense Regular vs. Irregular verbs Completely irregular Yo/Go verbs Boot verbs
5 Let’s Get Started…
6 Articles Definite (Specific) ElLa LosLas Indefinite (non-specific) UnUna Unosunas THE A, AN, SOME
7 Examples: Definite El libro = the book Los chicos = the boys La falda = the skirt Las chaquetas = the jackets Indefinite Un libro = a book Unos chicos = some boys Una falda = a skirt Unas chaquetas = some jackets Una manzana = an apple
8 Subject Pronouns + Ser Subject Pronouns Singularplural IWe YouYa’ll He/she/it (You formal) they (You all formal) Ser SingularPlural AmAre Is (are) are What do they mean in English?
9 Subject Pronouns + Ser (In Spanish) Subject Pronouns Singularplural YoNosotros TúVosotros Él, Ella, UstedEllos, Ellas, Ustedes Ser SingularPlural SoySomos EresSois EsSon
10 Remember… Most Latin Americans do not use the “Vosotros” form (This form is from Spain) If they want to use the “you all” form, they usually use the “ustedes” form (whether it is familiar or formal)
11 Examples Now just combine them to make logical sentences… Yo soy la maestra. Ellos son estudiantes. Nosotros somos trabajadores.
12 Adjective + noun agreement Adjectives usually come after the noun it describes Adjectives must match their nouns in both GenderNumber
13 Examples María wears yellow shoes. = María lleva los los zapatos zapatos amarillos. *Amarillo = amarillos because it describes the shoes, not María. *(don’t forget that the article must agree as well)
14 Now you can combine Names, pronouns, ser and adjectives to describe people… La chica se llama María. Ella es de California. Ella es alta y cómica y lleva los zapatos amarillos. También, lleva un vestido rojo.
15 Note: As you read more advanced Spanish, you will notice that the adjective sometimes come before the noun… Reinforcing adjectives (in literature…la oscura noche) Non-descriptive adjectives (ie. Muchos, pocos…) Meaning – changing (buen amigo… viejo amigo…)
16 Tener (To have) There are 3 reasons to use “tener” To talk about what you have/possess To express age To talk about “What you have to do…”
17 Tener (cont.) TengoTenemos TienesTenéis TieneTienen
18 Examples Yo tengo dos amigos. (possession) Los chicos tienen diez años. (age) Nosotros tenemos que estudiar. (what we have to do.) Tener + que + infinitive
19 Gustar (to like) You must treat gustar differently!!! You can’t conjugate it like normal… You will use gusta or gustan (in the present tense) You must use “gustar” pronouns You have to use the “personal A” with the person who is doing the “liking”
20 Subjects A míA Nosotros A tiA Vosotros A Él A Ella A Usted A Ellos A Ellas A Ustedes Gustar Pronouns MeNos TeOs LeLes
21 2 Ways to use gustar With Verbs Gusta + the infinitive With nouns Gusta + singular nouns Gustan + plural nouns
22 Examples A mí me gusta bailar. A Carlos le gustan las uvas. A Sofía y a mí nos gusta cantar. A los chicos les gusta hablar por teléfono.
23 Ir (to go) 2 ways to use “ir” To tell where you are going (ir + a + place) To tell what you are going to do (ir + a + infinitive)
24 The conjugation VoyVamos VasVais Vavan
25 Examples: Ir + a + place Voy a la cafetería. Vamos a la playa. Marco y Basilio van al parque.
26 Examples: Ir + a + infinitive Vamos a bailar. Voy a cantar. La chica va a pasar un rato con los amigos.
27 Ser vs. Estar They both mean TO BE
28 The conjugations… SER SoySomos EresSois EsSon ESTAR EstoyEstamos EstásEstáis EstáEstán
29 The difference Ser (more permanent) Profession Where you are from To describe people or places Time Estar (less permanent) Emotions Conditions Location Current actions
30 The Present Tense To talk about things in the present!
31 The verb endings… -ar - o- amos - as- áis - a- an -er -o-o-emos -es-éis -e-e-en -ir -o-o-imos -es-ís -e-e-en
32 Sample Verbs -Ar-Er- ir BailarComerVivir CantarCorrerAbrir PasarleerEscribir llegarAtenderrecibir comprarcreerasistir
33 Examples Yo canto todos los días. Carla baila en el club los sabados. Mario lee sus libros en la biblioteca. Nosotros vivimos en una casa grande.
34 Don’t forget to use adverbs to enhance your sentences.
35 Adverbs Siempre, rara vez, nunca (before the verb) Mucho, poco (after the verb) Todos los dias, de vez en cuando, a veces (before or after the sentence/independent clause)
36 Irregular verbs in the present tense 4 types Completely irregular Yo Verbs Go Verbs Boot verbs
37 Completely irregular SerIr Verbs that are irregular in all forms!! XX XX XX
38 Yo Verbs Verbs that are irregular in only the “yo” form Dar (to give) Estar (to be) Conocer (to know someone) Saber (to know something) Conducir (to drive) Traducir (to translate) Ver (to see) X
39 Go Verbs are irregular in only the “yo” form & end in - go Hacer (to do/make) Salir (to leave) Poner (to put/place) Traer (to bring) Caer (to fall) X (end in –go)
40 Boot Verbs We will cover these verbs in the next lesson!!
41 Foldable Time We are going to make a booklet…