1 Lit. Unit 1: Short StoriesDiscussion/Review

2 “The Most Dangerous Game”PLOT Rainsford falls off yacht Swims to Ship-Trap Island Meets Ivan & Zaroff Gets hunted Defeats Zaroff in a duel CLIMAX—duel with Zaroff

3 “The Most Dangerous Game”Conflicts— Man vs. Man—Rainsford vs. Ivan, Zaroff Man vs. Nature—Rainsford vs. sea, quicksand Man vs. Self—Rainsford vs. fear, decisions

4 “The Most Dangerous Game”Characters— Rainsford round, dynamic Whitney Flat, static Zaroff Round, static Ivan

5 “The Most Dangerous Game”Setting— Ship-Trap Island in Caribbean Starts at night, lasts for days Foggy, hot, humid Mood— Spooky, mysterious, suspenseful

6 “The Most Dangerous Game”Suspense P. ____—word choice mystery Ship-Trap Island—suggestive name, dread, superstition, evil can be sensed P. ____-____—pacing Wait for General Zaroff to identify the game he hunts on the island P. ____-____—multiple mini-climaxes During the hunt, each trap creates a mini-climax

7 “The Most Dangerous Game”Theme P. ____—The world is made up of 2 classes—the hunters & the huntees. P. ____— “Life is for the strong, to be lived by the strong, and, if need be, taken by the strong. The weak of the world were put here to give the strong pleasure.

8 “The Most Dangerous Game”Point of View 3rd person

9 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Irony P. __ “Luckily, you and I are the hunters.” P. __ “Don’t be alarmed.” P. __ “This is a most restful spot.” P. __ “We do our best to preserve the amenities of civilization here.” P. __ Rainsford kills Zaroff at his own game.

10 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Foreshadowing P. ____ bizarre quality in the general’s face P. ____ Zaroff is also a savage P. ____ Rainsford saw Zaroff studying him

11 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Simile P. ____ “It’s like moist black velvet.” P. ____ “The sea was as flat as a plate-glass window.” P. ____ “It’s like finding a snuffbox in a limousine” P. ____ “An apprehensive night crawled slowly by like a wounded snake.”

12 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Metaphor P. ____ “The lights of the yacht became faint and ever- vanishing fireflies” P. ____ “He was in a picture with a frame of water, and his operations, clearly, must take place within that frame.” (island=picture, water=frame)

13 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Imagery P. ____ “trying to peer through the dank tropical night that was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness in upon the yacht” P. ____ “The lights from the windows sent a flickering illumination that made grotesque patterns on the courtyard below, and Rainsford could see moving about there a dozen or so huge black shapes; as they turned toward him, their eyes glittered greenly.”

14 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Onomatopoeia P. ____ “muttering and growling of the sea”

15 “The Most Dangerous Game”Literary Techniques Syllogism—form of logic/reasoning using 2 statements and a conclusion drawn from them P. ____ “Where there are shots, there are men. Where there are men, there is food.”

16 “The Most Dangerous Game”Writing Style Sentence structure— P. ____ Short sentences are used to emphasize Rainsford’s state of panic, quick-thinking

17 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Plot Climax—Youth opens doorPrincess falls in love with common youth—against the law Youth must face King’s arena & choose—Lady or Tiger Princess finds out secret of doors & must decide how to influence youth (She HATES the lady.) Climax—Youth opens door Resolution—Reader decides!

18 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” ConflictsMan vs. Man—Princess vs. Lady, Youth vs. King Man vs. Nature—Youth vs. Tiger Man vs. Society—Youth loves too far above his social class. Man vs. Self—decisions, fear

19 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Characters King Youth Princess LadyFlat, static Youth Princess Round, static/dynamic Lady

20 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Setting Mood Olden times in a kingdomSuspenseful, humorous

21 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Point of View 3rd personP. ____ change to 1st & 2nd person

22 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Literary Techniques Irony P. ____“his [the King’s] nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.” King is NOT kind and easy-going; he’s cruel and ruthless “the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured” Minds were ACTUALLY dulled, diluted, corrupted

23 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” Literary Techniques Irony P. ____“This was the king’s semibarbaric method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious.” His method is NOT just or fair. “the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan” Subjects are savage and unreasoning. Subjects were “entertained and pleased” by arena trials Like reality TV? Voyeurism? Mourners had to be paid Shouldn’t have to pay people to mourn for the dead

24 “The Lady, or the Tiger?” ThemeWhich is more powerful, love or jealousy?

25 “War” Plot Climax—He heard the shot that killed him.Scout, doing his job, sees enemy man with ginger beard and doesn’t shoot. Scout stops at farm and gathers apples for his unit. He gets shot by man whose life he spared earlier. Climax—He heard the shot that killed him. Resolution—He’s killed by the man whose life he spared earlier.

26 “War” Conflicts Man vs. Man—enemy Man vs. Nature—pollen, heatMan vs. Society—war Man vs. Self—fear, decision

27 “War” Characters Scout (no name=any soldier)Round, static Man with ginger-colored beard Flat, static

28 “War” Setting Mood A war (no name=all wars)Heat of the day (starts around noon) Mood Suspense, sadness/depression

29 “War” Point of View 3rd person

30 “War” Theme War turns men into animals—kill or be killed.War is impersonal. It dehumanizes. Scout stays too long at farm gathering apples for his buddies. He gets shot because he did something compassionate—too human.

31 “War” Literary Techniques ImageryP. 40 “The ridge ended in a steep descent—so steep that he zigzagged back and forth across the face of the slope, sliding and stumbling among the dead leaves and matted vines and keeping a watchful eye on the horse above that threatened to fall down upon him. The sweat ran from him, and the pollen dust, settling pungently in mouth and nostrils, increased his thirst.” Sight, sound, touch, smell, taste

32 “War” Literary Techniques Foreshadowing Simile & OnomatopoeiaP. 42 “One thought persisted maddeningly. It was of the crash into his body of a high-velocity bullet.” Simile & Onomatopoeia P. 43 “And he winced and ducked even lower when a third bullet, fired low, struck a stone between the horse’s legs and ricocheted off through the air, buzzing and humming like some incredible insect.”

33 “War” Literary Techniques Irony P. 44The ginger-bearded man, whose life he spared earlier, kills him. The enemy soldiers laugh and clap when the scout dies. The scout hears the bullet that kills him.

34 “The Musgrave Ritual” Plot Framework story—Holmes & Watson talk.Inner story—Musgrave Ritual Case Musgrave comes to see college friend Holmes because his butler, Brunton, and maid, Rachel Howells, are missing. Brunton was fired for looking through family papers. Brunton uses the Ritual to find the treasure (crown & coins of King Charles I of England) but is killed in the cellar by Rachel either on purpose or by accident. Rachel is never found. Rising Action—p. 54 Fact that Brunton might gain “personal advantage” clues reader to monetary value of the “secret” relating to the Ritual

35 “The Musgrave Ritual” Conflicts Man vs. ManRachel vs. Brunton Musgrave vs. Brunton Holmes vs. Brunton Man vs. Self—decisions, pressure, fear of failure

36 “The Musgrave Ritual” Characters—Know who these characters are!Holmes Watson Brunton Musgrave Rachel Character traits & roles of Holmes & Watson Holmes—Detailed, observant, proud, disorganized outwardly, organized mentally Watson—Organized outwardly, puts up with Holmes’ idiosyncrasies, writes down cases

37 “The Musgrave Ritual” Setting Mood Framework—Holmes’ and Watson’s flatInner—Hurlstone Mood Suspense—needed for mystery

38 “The Musgrave Ritual” Point of View 1st personFramework—Watson’s perspective Inner story—Holmes telling the story to Watson, who is telling us

39 “The Musgrave Ritual” Suspense P. 52 P. 57Rachel’s strange hysterical attack intensifies the reader’s curiosity. Brunton’s “clothes, his watch, and even his money were in his room, but the black suit which he usually wore was missing. His slippers, too, were gone, but his boots were left behind”—clues suggest Brunton has not really left the house. P. 57 Though Brunton has been found, there is still no clue as to who else is involved, who robbed the Musgrave treasure.

40 “The Musgrave Ritual” Literary Techniques Allusion IronyP. 50 Brunton is “a bit of a Don Juan.” Irony P. 51 Musgrave thought the Musgrave Ritual was “of no practical use whatever,” but it will be the clue upon which Holmes bases his deductions. It leads to a very valuable treasure!