1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT YOUTH-IN-GOVERNMENT DAYSMarch 7th & 8th at Gemini Center Mayor Patton and Cabinet & League of Women’s Voters Police Chief Upperman & Fire Chief Raffin BOE Members Additional guests TBA Two Separate Sessions: 9:20-10:50 & 12:40-2:10

2 Objectives SWBAT examine the history, contents, and importance of the first State Constitutions SWBAT list the basic principles and kinds of provisions found in every State Constitution.

3 FEDERALISM 10TH AMENDMENT The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. - ANY POWER NOT GIVEN TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATES IS ASSUMED HELD BY THE STATES.

4 FEDERALISM STATE POWERS BOTH NATIONAL POWERS RESERVED SHARED DELEGATED CONCURRENT MARRIAGE COIN MONEY DRINKING AGE TAX REGULATE TRADE SCHOOLS COURTS ARMED FORCES

5 Federalism (A Principal of American Government)State   Federal Power starts with the people, is shared first with the state and then with the federal government. RESERVED ---- DELEGATED -- CONCURRENT

6 2/1 Warm Up Which Amendment protects American Federalism?A power that is given to the Federal Govt by the Constitution is called? Give an example. A power that is set aside for State Govt by the Constitution is called? Give an example. A power that is shared by both Federal and State Govt is called? Give an example.

7 FEDERALISM While each of the 50 states has its own constitution, all provisions of state constitutions must comply with the U.S. Constitution. For example, a state constitution cannot deny accused criminals the right to a trial by jury, as assured by the U.S. Constitution's 6th Amendment.

8 THE BALANCE OF POWER HAS CHANGEDState Governments more important until post Civil War. First personal income tax issued in 1861 (Revenue Act of 1861 – 3% for incomes $800 or more). Power of Federal government expanded greatly during depression years (FDR – New Deal). Today the Federal Government has grown in it’s power. Grants and Subsidies have continue to help exert Federal influence over citizens and business. (Bail outs, economic stimulus money, jobs, etc.)

9 Objectives SWBAT IDENTIFY THE DOCUMENTS THAT ESTABLISH THE PLAN OF GOVERNMENT AT THE STATE, COUNTY AND LOCAL LEVEL. STATE CONSTITUTION, COUNTY CHARTER, CITY CHARTER SWBAT DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.

10 If there is no mention of government beyond the levels of Federal and State in the Constitution, why do we have local governments?

11 Local Governments get their power from the State GovernmentsIncorporation & Charter STATE COUNTY CITY, TOWNSHIP SPECIAL DISTRICTS (School Boards)

12 LOCAL GOVERNMENTS GET THEIR POWER FROM THE STATEIncorporation -The process by which the state turns some power over to a local government. Charter- A local plan for government (constitution) COUNTY, CITY, TOWNSHIP, SCHOOL BOARDS

13 2/2 Warm Up Where does the power of local government come from?Through what process do state governments hand over power in order for people to form local government? Why would people do this? A local plan for government is known as what? What is the smallest form of local government?

14 Every state in the United States has its own constitution.State Constitutions Every state in the United States has its own constitution. All state constitutions must be in compliance with the U.S. Constitution and approved by their State Legislature.

15 The Original State ConstitutionsAll had Important concepts in each popular sovereignty and limited government Many had a bill of rights Were fairly democratic (although none provided full religious freedom, most had rigid voting and office qualifications, property owners had highly favored standing)

16 6 Principles of State ConstitutionsAll State Constitutions have the following elements today Basic Principles All are built on popular sovereignty and limited government. All have separation of power within government Protections of Civil Rights Each has a bill of rights

17 Governmental StructureEvery state constitution deals with the structure of both State and Local government. All have 3 branches with checks and balances. Governmental Powers and Processes All state constitutions detail power vested in the executive branch, legislature, the courts, and units of local government. All have the power to tax, spend, borrow, and provide education All discuss processes for elections and legislation

18 Constitutional ChangeEach has a means to be revised or amended but difficult to do Miscellaneous Provisions Each has a preamble that sets the purposes of the document

19 Ohio In 1803 became the 17th state to join the United States of America. *Ohio’s executive branch is made up of six officers (and those that work in each office): Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of state, Attorney general, Auditor, and Treasurer. Ohio’s General Assembly (the legislative branch), is made up of two houses--the Senate, which has 33 members, and the House of Representatives, which has 99 members. The Judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which has one chief justice and six associate justices.

20 2/3 Warm Up For a state constitution to go into effect, who must approve/ratify? All current state constitutions contain what three basic principles of democratic government? How do all state governments protect their citizens civil liberties and rights? In what way are the structures of all state governments the same? Who is the chief executive of Ohio? What do we call Ohio’s state Congress?

21 2/8 WARM UP *Look at the Timeline titled “The Enduring Constitution” on pages What trend do you notice in Supreme Court decisions in the 1800s? When did the Court first decide that State authorities must observe the civil rights protected by the Bill of Rights? What trend can you see in Supreme Court decisions in the 1900s?

22 PRINTZ V. UNITED STATES 1997 A Supreme Court ruling that established the unconstitutionality of parts of the Brady Handgun Federal legislation. The court determined that Congress could NOT force states to enforce these provisions, in some ways this reminded Congress of the relationships set forth by Federalism. READ PAGE 109, ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-3 ON PAPER. Now Read pages , and answer the section 1 assessment questions on 688, #1-5

23 State Legislatures State Legislatures – pages 689-693 Page 693, 1-5.Tuesday

24 2/14 WARM UP SWBAT describe the governor’s many roles, including the powers, duties, and limitations of the office. SWBAT identify the offices and roles of other important state executives. Members of state congress are members of which branch of government within our state? What is the primary function of your state legislature? What is the name of Ohio’s Congress? What does a referendum give the people of a state the power to do?

25 WAYS STATE LEGISLATORS IMPACT EVERY DAY LIFE (POWERS/SERVICES)Trade within the state Public Schools (how they are funded) License requirements for professionals (doctors, lawyers, etc) Marriage license requirements Speed limits on highways Regulate alcoholic beverages Sales taxes Conduct elections Establish local governments

26 Ohio State Constitution Activity – TuesdayDue Wednesday, typed and printed out on hard copy.

27 State Executive OfficeThe Governor – The Chief Executive The Lieutenant Governor The Secretary of State The State Auditor The Secretary of the Treasury The Attorney General

28 The Governor: QualificationsAmerican citizen Usually 25 to 30 years old Has to live in state for a given period of time (usually 5 years) Must be a qualified voter Must attract the party’s nomination most importantly (that can mean a lot of specific qualities)

29 C and C Who is this man? Arnold SchwarzeneggerWhat important role did he play in politics within our nation? Governor of California What does his holding of this position say about the position of Governor? Inclusive, not limiting, rules can change

30 Or does it…? We have had only 25 women out of the over 2,500 Governors in American history 7 of them in office today Of the 25 – 17 Democrats and 8 Republicans Why do you think so few women have served in our country as Governors?

31 Voices on Government Who is the woman to the right?Read the section titled “Voices on Government” on page 695. What do you think the dangers would be of focusing too much on either of the conflicting demands Kunin mentions – the day to day tasks or her broader vision? What does this say about the job of a Governor?

32 Warm Up 2/15 Give a specific example of how state legislators impact our lives daily (think of how they use power to provide services) Ohio’s state executive branch is made up of how many offices (and their bureaucracy)? List 2 qualifications to become Governor. In most states who takes over should the Governor be unable to fulfill the duties? What is the typical term of office for a Governor?

33 Selection process Major parties pick candidates in a primaryMost states now have lieutenant governors – usually joint election Popular vote in every state determines winner Who is the woman to the right? Mary Taylor – Lt. Governor of Ohio

34 Term of Office (Governor)4 years nearly everywhere Usually limited to 2 terms (only VA single term) If a successor is needed… 43 states it is the lieutenant governor Some it is the president of the senate, some it is the secretary of the state

35 Removal Governors can be impeached in 49 statesOnly 1 in the past 70 years Recall – a petition by which voters may remove an elected official before completing is regular term Only 2 ever have been

36 Pay Salaries now average over $100,000 but there is a wide rangeThey get an official residence provided and an expense account

37 A Governor’s Many RolesChief Executive Chief Administrator Chief Legislator Party leader Opinion leader Ceremonial figure Who’s this to the right? Former Gov Ted Strickland

38 C and C Which role do you think is most important for our governor to be strong at? Who is the current Governor of Ohio? When did he take office?

39 Powers of the Governor of OhioChief executive of Ohio John Kasich (Rep.) 2010-Present Replaced Strickland (06-10) – only democrat since 1990.

40 Executive Powers Appointment and Removal (limited by state legislature) Supervisory Powers Budget Making Powers (with legislative approval) Military Powers (Commands state militia if needed)

41 Legislative Powers The Message Power (recommend legislation)Hold Special Sessions Veto Power (3/5 to override) and item veto

42 Judicial Powers Clemency (mercy toward those convicted of crimes)Pardon (release of a person from legal responsibilities of a crime) Commutation (reduce a sentence) Parole (release of a prisoner short of a complete term) Reprieve (postpone execution of a sentence)

43 Other duties Receives official visitors and welcomes distinguished guests Dedicates new buildings and parks Opens the state fair Addresses many organizations and public gatherings Settle labor disputes Travel to promote the state and its trade interests

44 The Governor and State AdministrationPage 700 Section 3 Assessment Questions 1-6 Answers only

45 Other Executive officesLieutenant Governor – assistant, chief advisor, and replacement to governor Secretary of the State – clerk and record-keeper State Treasurer – custodian of state funds, tax collector, paymaster Attorney General – chief lawyer, prosecutor, and legal advisor

46 Ohio’s Executives Mike Dewine – Attorney GeneralJon Husted – Secretary of the State

47 Ohio’s Executives Josh Mandel – State TreasurerMary Taylor – Lt. Governor

48 State Auditor Independent Agency of State Government.State Auditor – “watchdog” agency. Provides info on financial accountability of offices of state government. Fights against fraud, corruption, injustice, etc.

49 State Auditor – Dave Yost

50 All these offices assist Governor Kasich in taking action!

51 The New Breed of State LegislatorRead “Close Up” on Primary Sources on page 701. Answer the “Analyzing Primary Sources” questions 1-4 Answers only Add to local government assignment in progress All due tomorrow before Quiz

52 Warm Up 2/22 Which executive office acts as the clerk or record keeper for the state? Which executive office acts as the main legal advisor for the state? Which executive office is the custodian of all government funds for the state? Which executive office acts as a “watch dog” agency, fighting fraud or injustice within state government? Which executive office is the main advisor and potential replacement to the governor?

53 State Courts (Judicial Branch)Main function = settle disputes between private parties and between private parties and the government Nearly all state courts have the power of judicial review = they act as a check on the conduct of all other agencies & officials of both state and local government State court systems are created by State Constitutions

54 Types of Local & State CourtsJustices of the Peace Magistrates’ Courts Municipal Courts Juvenile Courts General Trial Courts Appellate Courts State Supreme Court

55 Kinds of Law Applied in State Courts*The Law is the code of conduct by which society is governed. Constitutional Law – based on US Constitution Statutory Law – created by legislative bodies Administrative Law – rules, orders, regulations issued by executive officers Common (Case) Law – unwritten, judge-made laws based on ideas of right and wrong, & precedents previously set Equity Law – preventative injunctions to stop something before it occurs

56 Two other categories to classify lawCriminal Law – public wrongs, offenses against the public order Felonies and misdemeanors Civil Law – disputes between private parties or private parties and government - Deal mainly with suits, or law suits, and often lead to the awarding of money or a fine.

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61 The Jury System Jury – body of persons selected according to law who hear evidence and decide questions of fact in a court case. Grand Jury – used for major offenses, majority must agree that an accused person is probably guilty before a formal accusation (charge) is made. (usually at least 12 people up to 23) Information – formal charge filed by the prosecutor, without the action of a grand jury. Petit Jury (Trial Jury) – hears the evidence in a case and decides the disputed facts. (usually 12 people)

62 Rocky River Municipal CourtBay Village, Fairview, North Olmsted, Rocky River and Westlake. Traffic cases, Domestic Violence, Assault, Endangering Children, Theft, DUI. **Judge Donna C. Fitzsimmons- one time county prosecutor, served as a special attorney for the U.S. Department of Justice. Fairview HS graduate. **– Judge Brian Hagan - Graduate from Cleveland Marshall Law school at Cleveland State, elected to the RR court in 2007.

63 County Charter (Government)Like all local government, created by State Charter. There are 3,034 counties in America. They administer state laws, and county laws the state allows them to create. Main functions: keep peace, maintain jails, assess property values for tax purposes, build and repair roads, bridges, drains and public works Counties record deeds, mortgages, marriage licenses, administer elections, care for the poor, and protect health In urban areas they now provide water and sewer service, have trained police, fire, and medical units operate airports, and mass transit systems. They build and operate auditoriums, sports stadiums, golf courses, and other recreational facilities.

64 Page 719

65 Cuyahoga County Government

66 County Councilmember - NAN BAKERYour County Representative District 1 Nan A. Baker - Westlake Represents Fairview Park, Bay Village, Rocky River, Westlake, North Olmsted Elected in 2016 PERSONAL Married with 2 daughters and 1 son ELECTED OFFICE HOLDER SINCE 1996 4 TERMS AS STATE REPRESENTATIVE – DISTRICT 16 Westlake Board Of Education Member – 1999 3 Term Westlake City Council Member BUSINESS EXPERIENCE Business Operator for 35 years (outdoor power equipment dealership) Endorsed by the National Federation of Independent Business (Ohio) – 2008 EDUCATION  B.A., Baldwin Wallace College

67 Cuyahoga County Charter Activity Nan Baker – District 1

68 Warm Up 2/24 What does judicial review give state courts the power to do? What is statutory law based on? What is common (case) law based on? Which communities does the Rocky River Municipal Court Serve? How are county governments created? Who is our district representative in Cuyahoga County’s government?

69 Municipal Government There are approximately 89,000 units of government across the nation. There are more municipalities than any other form of local government (except special districts).

70 Municipal Government A municipality is an urban unit of government that holds a charter (GRANTED BY THE STATE) outlining their powers. They provide many different services to their members. They usually exist as a separate governmental entity within county and township government and serve large groups of people. Thus tend to be in urban and surrounding areas. SERVICES trash collection, sewer systems, parks, public transportation, police and fire departments, courts, etc. Municipalities can serve more than one community collectively. Example: Rocky River Municipal Court

71 Municipal GovernmentsData from the U.S. Census Bureau (2007) counted 39,044 general purpose local governments, which includes 19,492 municipal governments, 16,519 township governments and 3,034 county governments. There are 50,432 special purpose local governments, which includes 37,381 special districts, 13,726 independent school districts, and 1,452 dependent public school systems. 

72 Townships Townships are subdivisions of county governmentTend to exist in rural areas due to municipalities in urban areas Units of local government formed as areas were settled and people needed services of local government Hole annual township meetings held by the elected board of trustees or board of supervisors (3-5 people) Involve matters such as roads, cemeteries, drainage, and minor law enforcement. Some provide school administration Township offices include; a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, assessor, a constable, a justice of the peace, and a body of road commissioners

73 Special Districts Tens of thousands of special districts exist as wellThese are independent units created to perform one or more related governmental functions at the local level. Most common = school districts (13,500+) Provide all kinds of services such as; water & sewage, electrical service, furnish fire or police protection, build & maintain bridges, airports, swimming pools, libraries, or parks, and education Often created because local could not, or would not, provide the services desired

74 Forms of City GovernmentPages in textbook and handout on my blog. Questions are posted on the blog entry.

75 Objectives and Warm up 2/27SWBAT identify the guests who will participate in YIG and recount some basic information for each. Warm Up Units of local government that are created to provide services to multiple communities. Typically seen in urban and suburban areas? Units of local government seen primarily in rural areas to serve the purposes of a community. The smallest unit of local government created to serves a specific need by a community. Typically created because their local government cannot, or will not provide what is needed. What is the most common form of this unit of government?

76 Diagrams of Major Forms of City GovernmentMayor-Council Form (includes “strong” and “weak” mayor) diagram page 727 Commission Form diagram page 728 Council-Mayor Form diagram page 729

77 MAYOR EILEEN PATTON Graduate of St. Joseph’s AcademyMember of the League of Women Voters, FP Chamber of Commerce Member of numerous regional groups Mayor of Fairview Park since Now in her 4th Term Prior served 6 years as member of FP City Council (Ward 1) Goals Motel Removal, Westgate, Gemini. Married 40+ years, has 4 children, and 2 grandchildren

78 Fairview Park Chief of Police - Chief Erich UppermanSince October 2013 Patrol Officer since 1984 at age 21 Lives in Fairview, wife, 3 kids Black Belt Martial Arts FP Police Department = 50 Includes full time sworn in officers, auxiliary officers, clerical staff, and school crossing guards 24 hour law enforcement and emergency services Accident and crime investigation, arrests or citations of traffic and criminal violators, and assistance with interpersonal disputes, delivered by uniformed and plainclothes officers. Assists community with bike patrol, speed enforcement trailer, motorcycle unit, ride-along program, child fingerprinting, youth commission diversion, crime prevention program, Polaris shadowing, and college internships

79 Fairview Park Fire Chief – Anthony (Tony) RaffinJoined FP Fire Dept. in 1999. Lives in FP with wife and 4 kids Provide emergency medical care, rescue, fire prevention and suppression, and public safety education The department employs an administrative assistant, 3 captains, 3 lieutenants, and 18 firefighter/paramedics.

80 Fairview Park City CouncilPeggy Cleary Council at Large, elected in 2005 On 3 standing city council committees, and is currently the Chair of the Finance Committee. City Council appointee to the Community Reinvestment Area Housing Council. Board member of the NE Ohio City Council Association FP Summerfest Committee FP Centennial Committee Board member for the HELP Foundation (non-profit agency that serves individuals with developmental disabilities). Graduate Kent State, and licensed social worker

81 Fairview Park City CouncilWilliam Minek Ward 2 councilmen, elected in 1985! Retired FP Police Officer (has lived in FP for 30 years) Has served has council president and council at large in past Currently chairman of the Environment, public works, planning, zoning, and development committees Council’s rep to the Planning & Design Commission, Board of Control, Community Reinvestment Area Housing Council, and Senior Life Advisory Council 2004 FP Citizen of the Year President of Fine Arts and Theatre Association President of FP Municipal Foundation (SummerFest) Member of the Community Council, Chamber of Commerce, Historical Society, Safe Routes to School Program, Friends of the Library, Senior Center, NE Ohio City Council Association Was elected to preside over meetings if the Council President is unavailable

82 City Government of Fairview Park (Mayor-Council)

83 City of Fairview Park Charter ActivityFairview Park Improvement Activity

84 Fairview Park, Board of EducationJoslyn Dalton President of BOE B.A. Health Information Management & Systems - Ohio State University Masters in health informatics from Kent State Registered Health Information Administrator Worked 15 years in healthcare management positions Teacher at Tri-C Married, 1 son, 1 daughter Appointed in June 2012 (Term to 2017)

85 FP BOE Joe Shucofsky Former President of BOE B.A. University of DaytonCase Western School of Law Lawyer private practice Business advisory council Polaris career center board member Appointed in 2005, won election in 07, 11, and 15 (Term to 2019) Married, 2 children

86 FP BOE Mark St. John B.A. in Social Work and Education Cleveland State University Teacher Independence Local Schools TEA committee Polaris Career Center Board Member 7th year on BOE (Term to 2017) Married, 4 children

87 Fairview Park Board of EducationMatthew Hrubey FP resident 3 years BA in Political Science from Mount Union Masters in public communications from Cleveland State Serves as Grants Coordinator for Cuyahoga County Fiscal Office 4 years as development administrator for the city of FP Appointed in August 2016 (term to 2017)

88 Fairview Park Board of EducationKellie DuBay Gillis Moved to FP in 2005 Husband, 2 children BA of Science in Natural Resources from University of Michigan Focus on environmental policy and behavior 20 years in water resources consulting, currently works for Tetra Tech, Inc. as an environmental scientist and public outreach specialist Gilles Sweet PTA Elected in Nov (Term to 2019)

89 YIG - Goals 2/17 Goal – SWBAT use information learned about the government officials participating in the YIG week to develop educated questions to ask each official.

90 TOPICS FOR QUESTIONS SNOW REMOVAL (Mayor Patton) CITY PARKSCOST OF COLLEGE (David Greenspan) RACE TO THE TOP MONEY FOR FAIRVIEW PARK (BOE Member) STIMULUS MONEY FOR OHIO OR FAIRVIEW PARK (David Greenspan or Mayor Patton) IMPROVE MATH AND SCIENCE SKILLS DEVELOP LORAIN ROAD (Mayor Patton, David Greenspan) GOVERNOR’S CABINET APPOINTMENTS DRUNK DRIVING LAWS (Brian Hagen, Donna Fitzsimmons )

91 End Local Government Unit

92 State of City - 3/2 ObjectiveSWBAT identify the challenges faced by city of Fairview Park and the solutions proposed to fight those challenges by Mayor Patton in the 2010 State of the City address.

93 STATE REP FOR OUR DISTRICT DAVID GREENSPANGreenspan earned a Bachelor of Science in Accounting and Business Administration from Troy University in Alabama. He made Cuyahoga County his home in 2008 Currently, Greenspan is the Chief Financial Officer for LeanStream Media, Inc. He is married to Mary Kim Elkins, has a daughter in Atlanta, a son who graduated from Westlake High School, and a 5 year old daughter.

94 STATE SENATOR TOM PATTONYour State SenatorTom Patton Hometown: Strongsville Current Term: Expires December 2012. Senate member since November 2008. Committee Chair  Finance and Financial Institutions Highways and Transportation. State Representative ( ) Occupation: Business Consultant for Blue Technologies Education: Attended Cleveland State University

95 Balancing Ohio’s BudgetBalancing Ohio’s Budget Activity (Columbus Dispatch Simulator) Go to the following web site… Here’s your chance to solve Ohio’s financial crisis. Assume you are the governor. Choose some or all of the 34 options listed. Submit and print ALL results (highlight them, I want the choices you made too) out your 1st results to be turned in. Then click “Revise my choices” and make an attempt to balance the budget if unable to do so the first time. Click submit and print out your 2nd results to be turned in. Do not attempt a third time. Turn in your 2nd results regardless if you balanced the budget or not. Once done work on your “Senate Bill 5” questions.

96 UPCOMING ASSIGNMENT FORMULATE A GREAT QUESTION FOR ONE OF OUR GUESTS.- CURRENT ISSUE THAT YOU HAVE AN INTEREST IN. - RELATED TO CONSTITUTION OR CHARTER -APPRORIATE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT - ACCESS PUBLIC INFORMATION(BUDGETS, MEETING MINUTES)

97 GOAL WILL OUTLINE A PLAN TO ADDRESS A PROBLEM FACING FAIRVIEW PARK, CUYAHOGA COUNTY OR THE STATE OF OHIO.

98 START JUDICIAL BRANCH UNIT

99 COURT SYSTEM - MANY LEVELS. 1. FEDERAL 2. STATE 3. COUNTY 4. CITY - MUNICIPAL

100 Definitions Jurisdiction - the official power to make legal decisions and judgments Plaintiff- a person, or group, that brings a charge against another ( in a criminal matter this would be the city, state or federal prosecutor ) Defendant - a person or group charged or sued in court Criminal Case - Body of government prosecutes an individual ( or group) for breaking a law. Civil Case - An individual or group sues another individual or group for harming them in some way.

101 Rocky River Municipal CourtBay Village, Fairview, North Olmsted, Rocky River and Westlake. **Judge Donna Congeni Fitzsimmons **Judge Brian F. Hagan Traffic cases, Domestic Violence, Assault, Endangering Children, Theft, DUI.

102 CUYAHOGA COUNTY When a government no longer serves the best interests of the people, then the people must change that government. Change usually comes through the election of new office holders, but sometimes that is not enough change. This is such a time. We, the people of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, desire a reformed County Government to significantly improve the County's  economic competitiveness……………………

103 CUYAHOGA COUNTY PREVIOUSLY 3 COMMISIONERS COMMISIONERS OUT COUNCIL INNOW 11 COUNCIL MEMBERS AND 1 PRESIDENT OF COUNCIL

104 GOAL WILL OUTLINE A PLAN TO ADDRESS A PROBLEM FACING FAIRVIEW PARK, CUYAHOGA COUNTY OR THE STATE OF OHIO.

105 GOAL WILL BE ABLE TO ACCESS PUBLIC RECORDS AND UTILIZE INFORMATION PROVIDED.

106 GOAL WILL IDENTIFY A CIVIL RIGHTS ISSUE INVOLVING LOCAL, COUNTY OR STATE GOVERNMENT.

107 GOAL WILL DESCRIBE RELATION OF PRINCIPLES OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION WITH PRINCIPLES IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION.

108 GOAL WILL IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS KEY PUBLIC POLICY BEING ADDRESSED BY LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.

109 GOAL WILL IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS KEY PUBLIC POLICY BEING ADDRESSED BY LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.

110 GOAL WILL DESCRIBE WAYS THAT A CITIZEN CAN PARTICIPATE IN LOCAL, COUNTY AND STATE GOVERNMENTS.